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肠道微生物与昆虫的共生关系 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
昆虫肠道栖息着大量的微生物。随着近年来研究肠道微生物的方法不断进步,尤其是基于16S rDNA的分子生物学方法的应用,人们对肠道微生物的了解逐渐加深。昆虫肠道对于微生物的拓殖存在一定的选择作用。肠道微生物对昆虫寄主的作用包括提供营养、利用拓殖抗性抵抗外来微生物侵袭、参与多重营养关系、引起昆虫免疫反应。长期进化过程中肠道微生物与昆虫发展出紧密的共生关系,微生物发展出一系列手段适应昆虫肠道环境。文章从以上几个方面对近年来的研究进展进行总结,并对昆虫肠道微生态学的实践意义和将来可能的研究热点进行展望。 相似文献
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昆虫化学感受蛋白研究进展 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:11
昆虫化学感受蛋白(chemosensory proteins)是在长期进化过程中形成的一类低分子量酸性可溶性蛋白,广泛分布于昆虫触角、跗节等各种化学感受器中,蛋白质序列具有较高的保守性,种内种间同源性一般为30%~90%。其主要功能是感受、识别、转运、传导环境化学因子刺激信息,参与调节生理节律和生长发育。该文从昆虫化学感受蛋白的生态进化意义、分布表达部位、生化特性、分子结构、生理功能和研究方法等角度,较详细地综述了近年来国内外昆虫化学感受蛋白的研究进展,指出昆虫化学感受蛋白的深入研究,对于阐明昆虫与环境化学信息联系规律、昆虫行为反应本质原因,探索害虫综合治理和益虫利用效率新途径,开辟创制昆虫行为控制剂新领域等具有重要的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
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共生微生物与昆虫之间的相互作用对昆虫的生长、发育和繁殖具有至关重要的作用。本文重点阐述共生微生物如何通过复杂的信号通路来调控昆虫的脂质代谢。共生微生物通过多种机制影响昆虫的脂质代谢,不仅为宿主提供类固醇等脂质或脂质前体,还通过产生短链脂肪酸和激活免疫信号通路,来间接影响宿主的胰岛素信号通路,进而改变昆虫体内的脂质含量。此外,共生微生物还能通过激活雷帕霉素靶标蛋白和激脂激素信号通路来调节昆虫的脂质代谢过程。深入研究这些信号通路在不同昆虫种类中的共性与差异,对于理解昆虫的生态适应性和繁殖策略以及开发新的害虫治理策略具有重要意义。 相似文献
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蚂蚁是陆地生态系统中数量和种类最为丰富的昆虫类群之一.随着显微镜和测序技术的发展,人们逐渐发现一部分蚂蚁类群与微生物建立了长期稳定的共生关系.这些拥有稳定且特异共生微生物的蚂蚁类群被视为进化谱系中的共生热点.为了理解共生微生物对蚂蚁多样性在生态和进化上的影响,本文总结了处于共生热点的蚂蚁类群中不同的微生物类型,分别描述这些类群中共生微生物的多样性、生物学功能、与宿主互惠共生关系维持的机制.这些处于共生热点的蚂蚁类群通常生活在特化的营养生态位,推测蚂蚁可能利用共生微生物多样的代谢功能来应对营养失衡的挑战,未来的研究需要扩大研究物种的范围并囊括不同社会等级的个体,还需要在共生微生物基因组测序和功能预测的基础上,补充功能验证实验,不断拓展人们对蚂蚁共生微生物功能的认识.同时,还需要借助已经开展的蚂蚁类群高分辨率的系统发育分析,进一步探究共生微生物最初定殖蚂蚁类群的时间、与宿主互作的进化历史,从而更好地理解微生物在整个蚁科的进化过程中所扮演的角色. 相似文献
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完全变态昆虫在发育过程中要经过卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫四个阶段,它们在幼虫和成虫阶段形态构造和生活习性明显不同,这一现象被称为适应性解耦,使幼虫和成虫能够更独立地完成不同的任务,各自获得更高的效率,这对完全变态昆虫有巨大的生态和进化意义。然而这种发育方式为完全变态昆虫与微生物建立稳定的共生关系带来了巨大的挑战。它们在变态过程中身体结构的重塑、饮食习惯的改变等使微生物居住的栖息地发生彻底转变,微生物在昆虫宿主个体不同发育阶段和不同个体代际之间的垂直传递也受到了限制。为了高保真地维持稳定的共生关系,部分完全变态昆虫和共生微生物进化出多样的严格垂直传递或者规避完全变态发育的传递方式。也有部分完全变态昆虫趁此机会实现与共生微生物的关系解绑,与新的微生物建立联系,呈现出在不同生命阶段共生微生物的动态变化。此外,昆虫变态发育还直接受到共生微生物的影响,微生物能保护宿主在变态发育中最脆弱的阶段免受病原体感染,为变态发育提供必需的营养物质和促进变态发育的因子。因此,本综述将总结和深入探究昆虫完全变态发育与其共生微生物之间的相互影响。 相似文献
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Many arthropods including insects have symbiotic relationships with diverse microorganisms that can confer fitness benefits to their hosts. Riptortus pedestris is a serious pest on leguminous crops in East Asia including South Korea and Japan. Recently, has been reported that R. pedestris form symbiosis with Gram‐negative bacteria in the genus Burkholderia where they acquire symbionts from soil environments without vertical transmission from each generation. In order to address how R. pedestris acquire their symbiont from environment, we hypothesized that R. pedestris would detect and exhibit preference toward the Burkholderia symbionts. In this study, we conducted a series of dual‐choice experiments and Y‐tube olfactometer experiments to monitor and evaluate behavioral responses by 2nd instar R. pedestris toward the Burkholderia treatment and untreated control under various experimental settings in the laboratory. In dual‐choice experiments, there was no significant preference by R. pedestris to the Burkholderia treatment compared with untreated control. Also, no significant difference was detected in the first choice frequency, visiting frequency, and residence time of the insects between the two treatments. Likewise, there was no detectable preference by R. pedestris to microbial odors from the symbionts in Y‐tube experiments. Therefore, our results indicate that there was no evidence supporting that 2nd instar R. pedestris exhibit preference to the Burkholderia symbiont in the laboratory conditions of this study. Further studies are required to evaluate behavioral responses of later immature stages (i.e., 3rd and 4th instar) to the symbionts and provide choice settings at larger semi‐field arenas. 相似文献
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昆虫专性内共生细菌是一类与宿主昆虫长期协同进化的共生微生物,在许多昆虫体内均有发现,主要存在于昆虫特化的器官(含菌体)内,以垂直传播的方式由母系遗传。专性内共生细菌与昆虫的生存、繁殖以及进化等方面息息相关,其主要功能是为宿主提供必需氨基酸等营养物质。因其长期生活在宿主细胞内处于封闭的高营养的环境中,其基因组的特征与普通细菌基因组有很大区别,包括基因组大小、GC含量、基因缺失等方面。通过对共生细菌基因水平上的深入研究,有助于理解专性内共生细菌在宿主昆虫协同进化过程中的作用。目前,昆虫内共生细菌基因的生物学功能、内共生细菌之间以及内共生细菌与宿主之间的互作机制还不是很清楚,有待进一步的研究和探索。 相似文献
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Jacob A. Russell Benjamin Goldman-Huertas Corrie S. Moreau Laura Baldo Julie K. Stahlhut John H. Werren Naomi E. Pierce 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2009,63(3):624-640
Wolbachia are the most prevalent and influential bacteria described among the insects to date. But despite their significance, we lack an understanding of their evolutionary histories. To describe the evolution of symbioses between Wolbachia and their hosts, we surveyed global collections of two diverse families of insects, the ants and lycaenid butterflies. In total, 54 Wolbachia isolates were typed using a Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) approach, in which five unlinked loci were sequenced and analyzed to decipher evolutionary patterns. AMOVA and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that related Wolbachia commonly infect related hosts, revealing a pattern of host association that was strongest among strains from the ants. A review of the literature indicated that horizontal transfer is most successful when Wolbachia move between related hosts, suggesting that patterns of host association are driven by specialization on a common physiological background. Aside from providing the broadest and strongest evidence to date for Wolbachia specialization, our findings also reveal that strains from New World ants differ markedly from those in ants from other locations. We, therefore, conclude that both geographic and phylogenetic barriers have promoted evolutionary divergence among these influential symbionts. 相似文献
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Dan lin Li Zhang Weidong Shao Xuelian Li Xunyue Liu Huiming Wu Qiong Rao 《Ecology and evolution》2019,9(4):1972-1984
Associations between Sternorrhyncha insects and intracellular bacteria are common in nature. Mealybugs are destructive pests that seriously threaten the production of agriculture and forestry. Mealybugs have evolved intimate endosymbiotic relationships with bacteria, which provide them with essential amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients. In this study, the divergence of five mealybugs was analyzed based up the sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI). Meanwhile, the distinct regions of the 16S rRNA gene of primary symbionts in the mealybugs were sequenced. Finally, high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques were used to study the microbial abundance and diversity in mealybugs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that these five mealybugs were subdivided into two different clusters. One cluster of mealybugs (Dysmicoccus neobrevipes, Pseudococcus comstocki, and Planococcus minor) harbored the primary endosymbiont “Candidatus Tremblaya princeps,” and another cluster (Phenacoccus solenopsis and Phenacoccus solani) harbored “Ca. Tremblaya phenacola.” The mtCOI sequence divergence between the two clusters was similar to the 16S rRNA sequence divergence between T. princeps and T. phenacola. Thus, we concluded that the symbiont phylogeny was largely concordant with the host phylogeny. The HTS showed that the microbial abundance and diversity within P. solani and P. solenopsis were highly similar, and there was lower overall species richness compared to the other mealybugs. Among the five mealybugs, we also found significant differences in Shannon diversity and observed species. These results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the coevolution of mealybugs and their symbiotic microorganisms. These findings are also useful for research on the effect of symbiont diversity on the pest status of mealybugs in agricultural systems. 相似文献
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Yuliana Christopher William T. Wcislo Sergio MartínezLuis William O.H. Hughes Nicole M. Gerardo Hermgenes FernndezMarín 《Ecology and evolution》2021,11(11):6041
Antagonistic interactions between host and parasites are often embedded in networks of interacting species, in which hosts may be attacked by competing parasites species, and parasites may infect more than one host species. To better understand the evolution of host defenses and parasite counterdefenses in the context of a multihost, multiparasite system, we studied two sympatric species, of congeneric fungus‐growing ants (Attini) species and their symbiotic fungal cultivars, which are attacked by multiple morphotypes of parasitic fungi in the genus, Escovopsis. To assess whether closely related ant species and their cultured fungi are evolving defenses against the same or different parasitic strains, we characterized Escovopsis that were isolated from colonies of sympatric Apterostigma dentigerum and A. pilosum. We assessed in vitro and in vivo interactions of these parasites with their hosts. While the ant cultivars are parasitized by similar Escovopsis spp., the frequency of infection by these pathogens differs between the two ant species. The ability of the host fungi to suppress Escovopsis growth, as well as ant defensive responses toward the parasites, differs depending on the parasite strain and on the host ant species. 相似文献