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1.
自然植被净第一性生产力模型初探   总被引:169,自引:8,他引:169       下载免费PDF全文
本文根据植物的生理生态学特点及联系能量平衡方程和水量平衡方程的区域蒸散模式建立了联系植物生理生态学特点和水热平衡关系的植物的净第一性生产力模型:该模型的建立为宏观地确定地带性景观的生产潜力、植物净第一性生产力的区域分布和全球分布,以及全球变化的影响提供了理论基础,对于合理地利用气候资源,扬长避短,充分发挥气候生产潜力,最大限度地提高植物的产量具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

2.
四川植被净第一性生产力(NPP)对全球气候变化的响应   总被引:15,自引:3,他引:15  
胥晓 《生态学杂志》2004,23(6):19-24
根据全球气候变化的趋势 ,利用生态信息系统 (EIS)技术 ,采用植被净第一性生产力模型 ,并结合海拔因素 ,模拟了四川植被净第一性生产力在未来气候 5种水热条件下空间分布格局的变化趋势。结果表明 ,当前四川植被的净第一性生产力 (NPP)从总体上沿东南向西北呈逐渐递减趋势。植被净第一性生产力与降水量呈明显正相关关系 ,二者曲线比较近似。与可能蒸散率呈明显负相关关系 ,与海拔关系比较复杂。在盆地内 ,NPP值主要取决于降水量的多少。在盆地向高原过渡地区和高山高原地区 ,植被净第一性生产力主要取决于可能蒸散率的大小。随着全球气候的变化 ,四川省的植被净第一性生产力将沿东南至西北方向发生面积和值的推移。当温度升高 2 5℃ ,降水量增加 10 %时 ,四川省的植被净第一性生产力将增加13 76 % ,随着降水量增加到 2 0 % ,其值将进一步升高 ,达到 10 92 2TDM·hm-2 ·年 -1。当温度升高 4℃ ,降水量增加 10 %时 ,四川省的植被净第一性生产力将增加 18 2 9% ,随着降水量减少到P 10 %时 ,其值将逐渐减少到 9 5 30TDM·hm-2 ·年-1。  相似文献   

3.
陆地植被净第一性生产力的研究   总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37  
回顾了当前国内外陆地植被净第一性生产力(NPP) 的研究现状,分析了3 种生产力模型( 气候相关模型、过程模型和光能利用率模型) 在应用于全球和区域生产力研究时的长处及不足:气候相关模型在气候变化研究中应用比较多,但计算的只是潜在NPP;过程模型着重于植物生长的生理生态过程,但过于复杂,模型中的参数不易获得;光能利用率模型因为可直接利用遥感数据成为NPP模型发展的一个主要方面.对国内NPP的研究及遥感手段在NPP研究中的应用进行了分析.  相似文献   

4.
中国油松林净第一性生产力及其对气候变化的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文利用中国油松林的净第一性生产力资料对周广胜和张新时所建立的自然植被的净第一性生产力模型进行了检验。利用该模型的结果将我国油松林分为高产、亚高产、中产和低产四个区,并研究了气候变化对我国油松林净第一性生产力的可能影响,结果表明:气温增加,降水也同时增加,有利于油松林生长,高产和亚高产区扩大,中产和低产区减小;气温增加,而降水同时减少,则将降低油松林生产力,高产区、亚高产区减小,中产区及低产区增大.  相似文献   

5.
以黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域纸坊沟流域为例,利用当前气候状况和不同气候情景下的气象数据驱动植被净第一性生产力模型VSIM,模拟气候变化对黄土丘陵沟壑区植被净第一性生产力(NPP)的影响.结果表明:(1)流域NPP对温度升高比对降雨变化的反应更为敏感,土壤水分状况受降雨变化影响显著,温度升高后流域土壤水分也明显下降.(2)草本和半灌木群落的NPP由于温度升高降低最多,沙棘灌丛的NPP受降雨变化影响最为明显,而刺槐林、苹果林和柠条灌丛对降雨变化反应不敏感;(3)综合降雨和气温都增加的情况,流域NPP仍呈下降趋势,只有沙棘灌丛因降雨的增加NPP减小的程度明显降低;(4)大部分植被类型在降雨和温度升高后水分利用效率降低,只有沙棘灌丛和铁杆蒿群落在降雨增加后有所提高,除铁杆蒿群落外,降雨减少使得大部分植被类型的水分利用效率提高.  相似文献   

6.
基于NDVI的中国天然森林植被净第一性生产力模型   总被引:45,自引:3,他引:45       下载免费PDF全文
根据叶面积指数、归一化植被指数(NDVI)建立了中国森林植被净第一性生产力(NPP)模型:NPP=-0.6394-67.064ln(1-NDVI)经我国13组森林植被生产力数据的验证表明,该模型的预测结果与实测值相符较好。通过与Chikuo模型和综合模型(周广胜等,1996)预测结果的比较,该模型在总体上优于Chikugo模型和综合模型。表明基于NDVI的净第一生产力模型对我国森林植被有良好的适应  相似文献   

7.
气候变化情景下中国自然植被净初级生产力分布   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
Zhao DS  Wu SH  Yin YH 《应用生态学报》2011,22(4):897-904
基于国际上较通用的Lund-Potsdam-Jena(LPJ)模型,根据中国自然环境特点对其运行机制进行调整,并重新进行了参数化,以B2情景气候数据作为主要的输入数据,以1961-1990年为基准时段,模拟了中国1991-2080自然植被净初级生产力(NPP)对气候变化的响应.结果表明:1961-1990年,中国自然植被的NPP总量为3.06 Pg C·a-1;1961-2080年,NPP总量呈波动下降趋势,且下降速度逐渐加快.在降水相对变化不大的条件下,平均温度的增加对我国植被生产力可能会产生一定的负面影响.NPP的空间分布从东南沿海向西北内陆呈逐渐递减趋势,在气候变化过程中,该格局基本没有太大变化.在东部NPP值相对较高地区,NPP值以减少为主,东北地区、华北东部和黄土高原地区的减少趋势尤为明显;在西部NPP值相对较低地区,NPP以增加趋势为主,青藏高原地区和塔里木盆地的表现尤为突出.随着气候变化的深入,东西部地区这种变化趋势的对比将越发明显.  相似文献   

8.
植被净第一性生产力研究回顾与发展趋势   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
李高飞  任海  李岩  柳江 《生态科学》2003,22(4):360-365
植被的净第一性生产力(NPP)反映了植物每年通过光合作用所固定的碳总量,目前NPP研究是全球变化研究的重要内容之一。本文回顾国内外植被NPP研究的历史,对遥感和地理信息系统(GIS)在NPP研究中的应用做了分析,并对近期陆地植被NPP研究的特点及发展趋势作了总结。  相似文献   

9.
运用遥感估算中国陆地植被净第一性生产力   总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29  
净第一性生产力 (NPP)研究方法很多 ,运用NOAA_AVHRR的可见光波段、近红外波段和热红外波段来提取和反演地面参数 ,进而准确估算陆地植被净第一性生产力 ,是一种全新的研究手段。利用遥感数据进行生物量和净第一性生产力的估算 ,主要是采用光能利用率模型 ,即通过NPP与植物吸收的光合有效辐射 (APAR)和植物将所吸收的光合有效辐射转化为有机物的转化率 (ε)的关系来实现的。用数学公式可表达为 :NPP =(FPAR×PAR)×[ε ×σT×σE×σS× (1-Ym)× (1-Yg) ]。在遥感和地理信息系统技术的支持下 ,以 1990年每旬的 8km分辨率的NOAA_AVHRR 1~ 5通道的影像为数据源 ,对中国每旬的陆地植被净第一性生产力进行估算 ,然后累加得出全年的NPP值。估算结果 :1990年中国陆地植被NPP总量为 6 .13× 10 9tC·a-1,NPP最高值为 1812 .9gC/m2 。根据计算的结果 ,对中国大陆植被NPP的分布规律进行了分析。遥感模型能够以面代点 ,比较真实地反映陆地植被NPP的时空分布状况 ,与中国植被分布的地理规律性相符 ,这是其他统计模型所无法比拟的。  相似文献   

10.
陆地生态系统净第一性生产力对全球变化的响应   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
陆地生态系统的年净第一性生产力是每年植物通过光合作用固定的碳总量。随着全球变化发生,NPP发生相应的变化。传统的方法预测NPP的变化是利用气候和植被之间的局地关系建立回归模型,但用此方法预测NPP的变化是有条件的。目前国际上出现了一种陆地生态系统的动态模型,它考虑了植物营养元素如氮的有效性,同时利用不同GCMs模型预测的气候因子的变化值和全球变化模拟研究的实验数据,预测全球NPP的可能变化及区域分  相似文献   

11.
About 45% of the total surface area of the Castile and Leon region today can potentially be occupied by semi-deciduous forests, chiefly dominated by Quercus faginea Willd. and Quercus pyrenaica Lam. On the basis of extrapolated trends in annual mean temperature and precipitation in Castile and Leon observed over the 37-year period from 1961 to 1997 [del Río et al. 2005], predicted changes in the areas covered by Q. faginea and Q. pyrenaica forests in 2025, 2050 and 2075 were made. A decrease in Q. faginea forests may occur if observed trends in temperature and precipitation continue. With respect to Q. pyrenaica forests, they may increase in present Mediterranean areas and decreases in Temperate Submediterranean areas. In some cases, both types of forests could be replaced by deciduous forests. The predicted results in the natural distribution of vegetation types by the bioclimatic models can be used to establish policies for improved future nature conservation and land management.  相似文献   

12.
    
The effects of climate change on vegetation composition and distribution are evident in different ecosystems around the world. Although some climate-derived alterations on vegetation are expected to result in changes in lifeform fractional cover, disentangling the direct effects of climate change from different non-climate factors, such as land-use change, is challenging. By applying “Liebig's law of the minimum” in a geospatial context, we determined the climate-limited potential for tree, shrub, herbaceous, and non-vegetation fractional cover change for the conterminous United States and compared these potential rates to observed change rates for the period 1986 to 2018. We found that 10% of the land area of the conterminous United States appears to have climate limitations on the change in fractional cover, with a high proportion of these sites located in arid and semiarid ecosystems in the Southwest part of the country. The rates of change in lifeform fractional cover for the remaining area of the country are likely limited by non-climate factors such as the disturbance regime, land management, land-use history, soil conditions, and species interactions and adaptations.  相似文献   

13.
    
Plot-scale experiments indicate that functional diversity (FD) plays a pivotal role in sustaining ecosystem functions such as net primary productivity (NPP). However, the relationships between functional diversity and NPP across larger scale under varying climatic conditions are sparsely studied, despite its significance for understanding forest–atmosphere interactions and informing policy development. Hence, we examine the relationships of community-weighted mean (CWM) and functional dispersion (FDis) of woody plant traits on NPP across China and if such relationships are modulated by climatic conditions at the national scale. Using comprehensive datasets of distribution, functional traits, and productivity for 9120 Chinese woody plant species, we evaluated the distribution pattern of community-weighted mean and functional dispersion (including three orthogonal trait indicators: plant size, leaf morphology, and flower duration) and its relationships with NPP. Finally, we tested the effects of climatic conditions on community-weighted mean/functional dispersion–NPP relationships. We first found overall functional diversity–NPP relationships, but also that the magnitude of these relationships was sensitive to climate, with plant size community-weighted mean promoting NPP in warm regions and plant size functional dispersion promoting NPP in wet regions. Second, warm and wet conditions indirectly increased NPP by its positive effects on community-weighted mean or functional dispersion, particularly through mean plant size and leaf morphology. Our study provides comprehensive evidence for the relationships between functional diversity and NPP under varying climates at a large scale. Importantly, our results indicate a broadening significance of multidimensional plant functional traits for woody vegetation NPP in response to rising temperatures and wetter climates. Restoration, reforestation actions and natural capital accounting need to carefully consider not only community-weighted mean and functional dispersion but also their interactions with climate, to predict how functional diversity may promote ecosystem functioning under future climatic conditions.  相似文献   

14.
全球变化的中国气候-植被分类研究   总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35  
区域潜在蒸散具有作为植被-气候相关分析与分类的综合气候指标的功能。根据区域潜在蒸散对气候-植被分类的热量与水分指标进行了初步探讨,并对中国气候-植被分类进行了初步的定量研究。根据该模式对中国陆地生态系统对全球变化的反应进行了探讨,结果表明我国自然植被在气温增加2℃或4 ℃、降水增加20% 时, 森林和草原的面积都有所减少,且随着温度的升高而减少,沙漠化趋势增强。特别是青藏高原地区对全球气候变化非常敏感,因而可以作为全球变化的先兆区或预警区,具有重要的监测和研究意义  相似文献   

15.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Aim Climate change threatens to shift vegetation, disrupting ecosystems and damaging human well‐being. Field observations in boreal, temperate and tropical ecosystems have detected biome changes in the 20th century, yet a lack of spatial data on vulnerability hinders organizations that manage natural resources from identifying priority areas for adaptation measures. We explore potential methods to identify areas vulnerable to vegetation shifts and potential refugia. Location Global vegetation biomes. Methods We examined nine combinations of three sets of potential indicators of the vulnerability of ecosystems to biome change: (1) observed changes of 20th‐century climate, (2) projected 21st‐century vegetation changes using the MC1 dynamic global vegetation model under three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emissions scenarios, and (3) overlap of results from (1) and (2). Estimating probability density functions for climate observations and confidence levels for vegetation projections, we classified areas into vulnerability classes based on IPCC treatment of uncertainty. Results One‐tenth to one‐half of global land may be highly (confidence 0.80–0.95) to very highly (confidence ≥ 0.95) vulnerable. Temperate mixed forest, boreal conifer and tundra and alpine biomes show the highest vulnerability, often due to potential changes in wildfire. Tropical evergreen broadleaf forest and desert biomes show the lowest vulnerability. Main conclusions Spatial analyses of observed climate and projected vegetation indicate widespread vulnerability of ecosystems to biome change. A mismatch between vulnerability patterns and the geographic priorities of natural resource organizations suggests the need to adapt management plans. Approximately a billion people live in the areas classified as vulnerable.  相似文献   

16.
陕北气候变化与生态植被变迁   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
分析了128万年以来陕北气候变化及其生态植被变迁。结果表明,陕北黄土高原气候经历了多次冷、暖、干、湿的周期变化。陕北植被变迁在地质时期以及历史时期早期,主要由气候条件所控制,植被类型随气候的冷暖干湿变化而变迁。随着人类活动的加剧,气候条件不再是影响植被变迁的唯一因素,人类活动对植被的影响愈来愈明显。明清时期,气候冷干,旱灾频繁.陕北生态环境脆弱,大规模垦殖和滥烧使自然植被迅速减少,陕北自然植被遭到毁灭性破坏。20世纪50年代,陕北逐步开始生态环境治理,在对生态环境治理的同时,又对部分地区自然植被进行破坏。20世纪80年代以后,生态环境总体上趋于好转。  相似文献   

17.
李亮  何晓军  胡理乐  李俊生 《生态学报》2013,33(9):2845-2855
太白红杉(Larix chinensis林主要分布于我国秦岭太白山的林线位置,对气候变化的响应十分敏感.为了定量分析太白山太白红杉林在气候变化背景下的碳循环特征,基于模型(MTCLIM)模拟的温度和降水数据,应用植被动态过程模型(LPJ-GUESS)模拟了太白山南北坡1958-2008年太白红杉林的净初级生产力(NPP)、生物量和净生态系统碳交换量(NEE).结果表明:1)太白红杉和巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)的NPP和生物量在太白红杉林占有优势,太白红杉的NPP和生物量均大于巴山冷杉.1958-2008年间太白红杉南北坡NPP的平均值为0.38 kgC·m-2·a-1,巴山冷杉为0.25 kgC·m-2,a-1,两者之和占整个太白红杉林NPP的86%;1958-2008年间太白红杉南北坡生物量的平均值为2.91 kgC/m2,巴山冷杉为2.02 kgC/m2,两者之和占太白红杉林生物量的94%.2)太白红杉和巴山冷杉的NPP均表现为北坡大于南坡,且南北坡均有逐年增加的趋势,北坡的增幅小于南坡,所以太白山南北坡太白红杉林的NPP差异有逐年减少的趋势.3)太白红杉生物量的年际波动较大,南北坡呈交替上升趋势,南坡的平均值(2.94 kgC/m2)大于北坡(2.89 kgC/m2).巴山冷杉生物量的年际波动相对较小,北坡生物量水平大于南坡.4)1958-2008年南北坡太白红杉林平均NEE均为-0.023 kgC·m-2·a-1,表现为碳汇.南北坡碳汇水平均呈逐年增加趋势,南坡的增加幅度(0.91 g·m-2·a-1)大于北坡(0.42 g·m-2·a-1).以气候和CO2为驱动因子对太白山太白红杉林的长期碳循环动态做了定量分析,从机理上揭示气候变化与生态系统碳循环的关系,还需要做进一步的野外观测和控制实验研究.  相似文献   

18.
    
Climate change poses a serious threat to biodiversity and unprecedented challenges to the preservation and protection of natural landscapes. We evaluated how climate change might affect vegetation in 22 of the largest and most iconic protected area (PA) complexes across North America. We use a climate analog model to estimate how dominant vegetation types might shift under mid- (2041–2070) and late-century (2071–2100) climate according to the RCP 8.5 scenario. Maps depicting vegetation for each PA and time period are provided. Our analysis suggests that half (11 of 22) of the PAs may have substantially different vegetation by late-21st century compared with reference period conditions. The overall trend is toward vegetation associated with warmer or drier climates (or both), with near complete losses of alpine communities at the highest elevations and high latitudes. At low elevation and latitudes, vegetation communities associated with novel climate conditions may assemble in PAs. These potential shifts, contractions, and expansions in vegetation portray the possible trends across landscapes that are of great concern for conservation, as such changes imply cascading ecological responses for associated flora and fauna. Overall, our findings highlight the challenges managers may face to maintain and preserve biodiversity in key PAs across North America.  相似文献   

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