共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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本文综述了目前非循回型植物病素和循回型植物病毒昆虫介体传播机理的研究现状 。 相似文献
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1前它植物病毒47个属中,被证实可通过天然生物媒介传播的病毒有40个属。植物病毒经空气传播(airborne)的介体是昆虫和螨,而经土壤传播(soil-borne)的介体为线虫和真菌。此外,植物病毒传播还可通过寄主植物的种子(seed-borne)和花粉(pllen-borne)传播。天然传播介体因其各自的生物学特性不同使其传播植物病毒的方式呈现不同的特点,且与被携带的病毒长期相互作用,形成特殊的传播机理。几十年来介体传播的机理和规律一直是植物病毒学研究的重要课题,并且已经积累了相当多的资料。然而,有关介体传播机理的分子水平的信息相对… 相似文献
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<正> 就咀嚼式口器昆虫取食研究,由于其取食行为较为直观,经常采用称重法,直接测定昆虫某一龄期或整个一生的取食量。但刺吸式口器的昆虫,其取食对象是寄主的汁液,而且取食行为较为复杂,加上对昆虫人工饲料筛选的难度,尽管许多学者采用了许多方法,但还不能精确测定其吸食量。本文就刺吸式口器昆虫吸食量的研究方法作一概述。 相似文献
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Pedram Moeini Alireza Afsharifar Mohammad Homayoonzadeh Richard J. Hopkins 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2020,168(8):599-609
Insect-borne plant viruses may modify the phenotype of their host plants and thus influence the responses of insect vectors. When a plant virus modifies host preference behavior of a vector, it can be expected to influence the rate of virus transmission. In this study, we examined the effect of Maize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV) infection on host preference behavior of the nymphs and adults of its vector, the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus Fallén (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), feeding on barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L., Poaceae). We found that both viruliferous nymphs and adults significantly preferred healthy plants, whereas non-viruliferous planthoppers preferred virus-infected barley. Further investigations revealed significant reductions in the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of infected barley leaves. Based on these results, a possible association between insect host preferences and the pigment contents of the plants was observed. In summary, we suggest that host preference of L. striatellus could be affected by the propagative plant virus, possibly through association of this modification with some phenotypic traits of infected plants. These effects may have a critical impact on MIMV transmission rate, with significant implications for the development of virus epidemics. 相似文献
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Aphid density and community composition differentially affect apterous aphid movement and plant virus transmission 下载免费PDF全文
1. Although many vector‐borne pathogens are transmitted by an array of vector species, most studies do not account for the potential effects of species interactions. 2. By manipulating conspecific and heterospecific vector density in small experimental mesocosms, this study disentangled the impact of vector density and community composition on vector movement and plant virus transmission in the potato virus Y system. 3. The following predictions were tested: (i) increasing aphid density will increase aphid movement and virus transmission; (ii) adding low‐efficiency vectors and thereby decreasing the average transmission efficiency of the vector assemblage will decrease virus transmission; and (iii) aphid movement and the average vector transmission efficiency will mediate the effect of aphid density and community composition on virus transmission. 4. It was found that initial density positively affected aphid movement, but had no effect on virus transmission, and that conspecific density was more important than heterospecific density. Conversely, community composition affected both aphid movement and virus transmission. These effects were driven by species identity, rather than species richness per se. 5. The results of this study emphasise the importance of accounting for vector behaviour, and analysing it within the context of the wider vector assemblage. 相似文献
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Populations of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), were shown to differ significantly in their ability to transmit an isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus (Tospovirus: Bunyaviridae) (TSWV) collected from potato [Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae)]. To gain an understanding of the basis for this variation, we generated reciprocal crosses between an efficient and an inefficient transmitting population. The resulting F1 progeny and progeny from the parental populations were tested for their ability to transmit TSWV. Our results indicate that the ability to transmit TSWV efficiently by T. tabaci is inherited as a recessive trait. 相似文献
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Lu Zhang Wenwen Liu Xiaowan Zhang Li Li Xifeng Wang 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2021,22(10):1256-1270
Vesicular trafficking is an important dynamic process that facilitates intracellular transport of biological macromolecules and their release into the extracellular environment. However, little is known about whether or how plant viruses utilize intracellular vesicles to their advantage. Here, we report that southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) enters intracellular vesicles in epithelial cells of its insect vector by engaging VAMP7 and Vti1a proteins in the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex. The major outer capsid protein P10 of SRBSDV was shown to interact with VAMP7 and Vti1a of the white-backed planthopper and promote the fusion of vesicles into a large vesicle, which finally fused with the plasma membrane to release virions from midgut epithelial cells. Downregulation of the expression of either VAMP7 or Vti1a did not affect viral entry and accumulation in the gut, but significantly reduced viral accumulation in the haemolymph. It also did not affect virus acquisition, but significantly reduced the virus transmission efficiency to rice. Our data reveal a critical mechanism by which a plant reovirus hijacks the vesicle transport system to overcome the midgut escape barrier in vector insects and provide new insights into the role of the SNARE complex in viral transmission and the potential for developing novel strategies of viral disease control. 相似文献
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Rice Ragged Stunt Oryzavirus: role of the viral spike protein in transmission by the insect vector 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
ZHOU GUOYING LU XIONGBIN LU HUIJUAN LEI JUANLI CHEN SHENGXIANG GONG ZUXUN 《The Annals of applied biology》1999,135(3):573-578
A 39 kDa protein, known as the viral spike protein or one of the protein components forming the viral spike, encoded by genomic segment 9 (S9) of Rice Ragged Stunt Oryzavirus (RRSV) was obtained by enzymatic cleavage of a fusion protein expressed by S9 cDNA in bacteria with proteinase factor Xa. The feeding of an insect vector — the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) on purified expressed 39 kDa protein before the inoculation of the insects on diseased rice plants could completely inhibit the vector transmission ability of the insect. The presence of a 32 kDa insect cell membrane protein which could bind to 39 kDa viral spike protein indicated that the inhibition might be resulted from the competition in the interactions of 39 kDa protein and intact virus with the virus receptors on the insect cells. These results suggest that the spike proteins of the plant reoviruses are essential for the virus infection in the interactions of virus, insect vectors and host plants. These results are also useful in the practical applications. 相似文献
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Evidence that vector transmission of a plant virus requires conformational change in virus particles
Transmission of Cucumber necrosis virus (CNV) by zoospores of its fungal vector, Olpidium bornovanus, involves specific adsorption of virus particles onto the zoospore plasmalemma prior to infestation of cucumber roots by virus-bound zoospores. Previous work has shown that specific components of both CNV and zoospores are required for successful CNV/zoospore recognition. Here, we show that limited trypsin digestion of CNV following in vitro CNV/zoospore binding assays, results in the production of specific proteolytic digestion products under conditions where native CNV is resistant. The proteolytic digestion pattern of zoospore-bound CNV was found to be similar to that of swollen CNV particles produced in vitro, suggesting that zoospore-bound CNV is in an altered conformational state, perhaps similar to that of swollen CNV. We show that an engineered CNV mutant (Pro73Gly) in which a conserved proline residue (Pro73) in the beta-annulus of the CP arm is changed to glycine is resistant to proteolysis following in vitro zoospore binding assays. Moreover, Pro73Gly particles are transmitted only poorly by O.bornovanus. Together, the results of these studies suggest that CNV undergoes conformational change upon zoospore binding and that the conformational change is important for CNV transmissibility. 相似文献
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采用高保真PCR方法从pGEM-VP1-T质粒扩出VP1基因,定向克隆到含DHA的融合中间载体pUC18-DHA,得到pUC18-VP1-DHA,经测序证实核酸序列正确后,再亚克隆到转化范围广,转化效率高,且含有双增强子的高效植物双元表达载体pGreen0029-GFP上,获得含VP1融合DHA基因的植物双元表达载体pGreen0029-VP1-DHA,采用电击法将含VP1的植物表达载体转入根癌农杆菌G3101中,获得了含VP1基因的双元植物表达载体,为下一步的广范围转基因植物表达研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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R D V J PRASADA RAO A S REDDY S V REDDY K THIRUMALA-DEVI S CHANDER RAO V MANOJ KUMAR K SUBRAMANIAM T YELLAMANDA REDDY S N NIGAM D V R REDDY 《The Annals of applied biology》2003,142(3):365-368
Tobacco streak virus (TSV) recently caused an epidemic in peanut (= groundnut, Arachis hypogaea) crops in Andhra Pradesh, India. In the epidemic area TSV occurred in many widely distributed weeds of which Parthenium hysterophorus probably plays a major role in its spread by thrips. Three thrips species, Megalurothrips usitatus, Frankliniella schultzei and Scirtothrips dorsalis were vectors in the presence of infected pollen. Of crop species, Helianthus annuus (sunflower) and Tagetes patula (marigold) could act as sources of inoculum. In limited tests, the virus was not seed‐transmitted in the peanut cultivar JL‐24 or in the sunflower hybrids KBSH‐41, ‐42, ‐44, and ‐50, MSFH‐17 and ZSH‐976. Strategies adopted to reduce the incidence of TSV are discussed. 相似文献