北京东灵山地区主要树生地衣调查初报

首次对北京森林生态定位站所在地东灵山小龙门林场主要森林树种上的地衣进行了调查研究,辽东栎,核桃楸,山杨,黄花柳,白腊和春榆等树种上的地衣覆盖度较大,其覆盖度多为３０％￣６０％,最高可达８０％。     

地衣标本的采集、制作与保存

详细论述了地衣标本的采集、制作和保存方法及注意事项,同时阐明了在采集标本的同时进行共生菌和光合共生物分离培养的重要性。     

中国鸡皮衣属地衣3新记录种

鸡皮衣属(Pertusaria)隶属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、茶渍纲(Lecanoromycetes)、鸡皮衣目(Pertusariales)、鸡皮衣科(Pertusariaceae)。在对鸡皮衣属地衣进行研究时,发现3个中国新记录种,即异亚澳鸡皮衣(P.allothwaitesii),刚硬鸡皮衣(P.rigida)和赭色鸡皮衣(P.colorata)。该文对这3个种的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并提供了其相关图片。     

中国柄座衣属地衣3个新记录种

为探讨中国柄座衣属地衣的物种多样性,进一步明确其物种组成和分布,该文通过野外地衣资源调查及标本采集,结合形态学、解剖学、化学等研究方法,对采自云南省的柄座衣属地衣标本进行分类,共鉴定出柄座衣属(Malmidea)3个中国新记录种,分别是巨孢柄座衣 [M. indica (D. D. Awasthi & M. R. Agarwal)Hafellner & T. Sprib]、赭黄柄座衣(M. reunionis Kalb)、棕褐柄座衣(M. hechicerae Kalb)。该文提供了各新记录种的详细描述、形态及解剖图片,并与相近种进行了比较和讨论,同时提供了中国柄座衣属地衣分种检索表。该研究结果丰富了中国柄座衣属地衣资料,对中国地衣多样性的保护及研究具有一定意义。     

黑龙江省五大连池壳状地衣的物种多样性

报道了黑龙江省五大连池壳状地衣40种,隶属于18属14科6目。其中1种为中国新记录,即Rhizocarpon eupetraeum(Nyl.)Arnold;1种为中国大陆新记录即Buellia badia(Fr.)A.Massal.,37种为黑龙江省新记录。提供了中国新记录种和中国大陆新记录种的描述及特征图片。对40种壳状地衣的基物类型和地理成分进行了简要分析。     

新疆网衣属地衣中国新记录种（英文）

大量采集新疆各地网衣属（LecideaAch.）地衣标本,发现1个中国新记录种L.hypocrita,4个新疆新记录种L.berengeriana,L.confluens,L.lactea,L.lithophila。文中对这些新记录地衣进行了详细描述,并提供了反映地衣特征的彩色图片。     

腾格里沙漠沙坡头地区地衣物种多样性研究

报道了腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区地衣22种,分隶于16属,13科,5目,包括中国新记录4种:异色杆孢衣Bacidia heterochroa,安奈污核衣Porina aenea,白黑瘤衣Buellia alboatra及美丽黑瘤衣Buellia venusta。该研究丰富了关于该地区荒漠地衣物种多样性的知识,并将为沙漠生物地毯工程的前期研究提供更多的地衣种质资源。     

秦岭南坡地衣植物研究初报

报道了采自于秦岭南坡的地衣植物21种,隶属于11科、11属。     

中国地衣生真菌初步名录

该文是关于中国地衣生真菌汇编的首次报道,其中也包括新近采集的种类。名录中汇编了27种,其中9种为中国新记录种,包括5个中国新记录属的代表:Ampullifera, Intralichen, Marchandiomyces, Phaeosporobolus, 和Stigmidium。文中还包括一个新组合种:Stigmidium cupulare (syn, Pharcidia supularis)。     

中国地衣生真菌初步名录

该文是关于中国地衣生真菌汇编的首次报道,其中也包括新近采集的种类。名录中汇编了27种,其中9种为中国新记录种,包括5个中国新记录属的代表：Ampullifera,Intralichen,Marchandiomyces,Phaeosporobolus,和Stigmidium。文中还包括一个新组合种：Stigmidium cupulare (syn,Pharcidia supularis)。     

新疆北部森林生态系统地衣植物生活型分析

Life forms of lichen of forest ecosystem in Northern Xinjiang were researched in the Kanas National Natural Reservation Area.They have been grouped into 6 types:Epipetria,Soil-epipetria,Epiphytia arboricosa,Epiphytia moss,Epiphytis grass and Dry-radicantia,in which the species of Epiphytia arboricosa account for 36.89% of the total species in this area,the species of Epipetria for 22.33% and Epiphytia grass the least.The results show that life forms of lichem at the srea in Northem Xinjiang are relatively rich,which indicates the biodiversity characteristics of lichen.     

Carbon-dioxide exchange in lichens: determination of transport and carboxylation characteristics

Measurements were made of net rates of CO₂ assimilation in lichens at various ambient concentrations of CO₂ in air and in helox (79% He, 21% O₂). Because of the faster rate of CO₂ diffusion in the pores of lichen thalli when filled with helox than when filled with air, a given net rate of assimilation was achieved at a lower ambient concentration of CO₂ in helox. The differences were used to estimate resistances to diffusion through the gas-filled pore systems in lichens. The technique was first tested with five lichen species, and then applied in a detailed study with Ramalina maciformis, in which gas-phase resistances were determined in samples at four different states of hydration and with two irradiances. By assuming, on the basis of previous evidence, that the phycobiont in R. maciformis is fully turgid and photosynthetically competent at the smallest hydration imposed (equilibration with vapour at 97% relative humidity), and that, with this state of hydration, diffusion of CO₂ to the phycobiont takes place through continuously gas-filled pores, it was possible also to determine both the dependence of net rate of assimilation in the phycobiont on local concentration of CO₂ in the algal layer, and, with the wetter samples, the extents to which diffusion of CO₂ to the phycobiont was impeded by water films. In equilibrium with air of 97% relative humidity, the thallus water content being 0.5 g per g dry weight, the resistance to CO₂ diffusion through the thallus was about twice as large as the resistance to CO₂ uptake within the phycobiont. Total resistance to diffusion increased rapidly with increase in hydration. At a water content of 2 g per g it was about 50 times as great as the resistance to uptake within the phycobiont and more than two-thirds of it was attributable to impedance of transfer by water. The influences of water content on rate of assimilation at various irradiances are discussed. The analysis shows that the local CO₂ compensation concentration of the phycobiont in R. maciformis is close to zero, indicating that photorespiratory release of CO₂ does not take place in the alga, Trebouxia sp., under the conditions of these experiments.Symbols and Units rate of CO₂ diffusion in air relative to that in carrier gas (unity if the carrier gas is air and 0.43 if is helox) - A₁ net rate of CO₂ uptake by the lichen - A_p gross rate of carboxylation minus photorespiratory decarboxylation in the phycobiont, i.e. net rate of light-activated CO₂ exchange - A_* maximum, CO₂-saturated magnitude of A_p - c concentration of CO₂ - c_a ambient concentration of CO₂ - c_i c_a minus difference in CO₂ concentration across air-filled pore space in the thallus - c₈ CO₂ concentration equivalent to partial pressure of CO₂ at the surface of the phycobiont - ₁ magnitude of c_a at which A₁ = 0 - _* magnitude of c_* at which A_p = 0 - R rate of dark respiration in the lichen (mycobiont and phycobiont) - R rate of dark respiration in region between the surface of the lichen and an arbitrary distance from the surface within the thallus - r resistance to CO₂ transfer from lichen surface to the surface of the phycobiont - r resistance to CO₂ transfer between effective source of dark respiration in the lichen and the surface of the phycobiont - r_g, r _g components of r and r, respectively, attributable to transfer in air-phase - r_w, r _w components of r and r, respectively, attributable to transfer in water-phase - r component of r between surface of lichen and an arbitrary distance from the surface within the thallus - r_* resistance to CO₂ transfer and carboxylation in the phycobiont - RH relative humidity     

Spatial patterns of photobiont diversity in some Nostoc-containing lichens

Patterns of photobiont diversity were examined in some Nostoc -containing lichens using the nucleotide sequence of the cyanobacterial tRNA^Leu (UAA) intron. Lichen specimens collected in northwestern USA were analysed and the sequence data were compared with tRNA^Leu(UAA) intron sequences previously obtained from lichens in northern Europe. Generally, it is the species identity of a lichen rather than the geographical origin of the specimen that determines the identity of the cyanobiont. Identical intron sequences were found in Peltigera membranacea specimens collected in Oregon (USA) and in Sweden, and very similar sequences were also found in Nephroma resupinatum thalli collected in Oregon and Finland. Furthermore, in mixed assemblages where two Peltigera species grew in physical contact with each other, the different lichen species housed different photobiont strains. There is however not a one-to-one relation between mycobiont and photobiont as some intron sequences were found in more than one lichen species, and different intron sequences were found in different samples of some lichen taxa. Peltigera venosa exhibited a higher level of photobiont diversity than any other lichen species studied, and several intron sequences could for the first time be obtained from a single thallus. It is not clear whether this is evidence of lower cyanobiont specificity, or reflects an ability to exhibit different degrees of lichenization with different Nostoc strains. In one specimen of P. venosa , which contained bipartite cyanosymbiodemes and tripartite, cephalodiate thalli, both thallus types contained the same intron sequence.     

中国鸡皮衣目地衣的研究

鸡皮衣目主要特征是子囊果为半被果型,子囊壁厚且淀粉质,侧丝通常分枝,孢子大型,光合共生物为绿藻。收录了中国鸡皮衣目69种9变种4变型,共82个分类单位,隶属于3科4属。     

Intensive local surveys can complement rapid survey techniques to provide insights into the population size and ecology of lichenised fungi

We propose that insights to population ecology of lichenised fungi can be efficiently obtained by combining rapid biodiversity surveys, which representatively sample large areas, with intensive studies in selected populations discovered. To illustrate this approach, we compared results from an Estonian rapid survey scheme with an intensive local population survey of the poorly known epiphytic crustose lichen, Lecanora thysanophora. In contrast to what the data from rapid surveys suggested, the intensive survey revealed that this typically sterile species can occur in remarkably dense populations obviously limited by host tree availability; we also recorded emerging sexual reproduction in the population centre. Our results imply that the detection of even poorly identifiable species may mostly depend on total field effort.     

Ecology of the corticolous lichens on Pinus radiata at five sites of increasing age near Linton,Victoria, Australia

Abstract Thirteen lichen species were studied on trunk segments of Pinus radiata D.Don between 1.0 and 1.5m above-ground from five plantings of known, different ages near Linton, Victoria. Significant frequency and size-class differences were found for most species between sites. These parameters generally increased up to 32 years, and then either declined or showed evidence of recolonization by small thallus size-classes in some species. Nevertheless, only relict populations for any species were present at 52 years. Most species had no aspect preferences; only three species had a significant majority of their thalli on the western trunk face. Site-species association frequency analyses clustered, as pairs, the 11 and 52, and 16 and 39 year old sites. These site patterns were correlated with a number of environmental factors as well as species abundance at the sites, but there is also a possible response by the community to bark shedding, seen after 32 years, with a return to earlier colonization states in the system. This cyclic pattern is similar to a competitive hierarchy succession, although due to accelerating chronic disturbance (bark shedding) the system may be subject to secondary succession and, ultimately, to severe degradation.