利用热诱导的位点专一性重组系统在烟草中控制基因表达

采用热激启动子Gmhsp17．5C控制Cre定位重组酶介导的DNA删除系统。在这个系统中,在热激启动子控制下的Cre重组酶的表达导致两侧带有相同方向loxp位点的CaMV35S—GUS片段从转基因烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.cv.W38)的基因组中删除。通过定量PCR的方法鉴定这个转基因系统,显示了这个系统的重组效率。结果显示在两个小时热激处理后转基因烟草中有41％的CaMV35S—Gus片段被删除。由于热激诱导的定点重组系统有容易操作、对热敏感和无背景表达等优点,因此有利于采用这个系统在转基因植物中进行可诱导的基因操作。     

小鼠转基因的可诱导表达

转基因小鼠是研究基因表达调控及表达产物生物学效应的最佳体系之一。小鼠转基因可诱导表达系统的研究和应用为实现对转基因表达在时间和空间上进行严格调控。深入研究单一基因在生物体不同发育阶段。不同生理条件和不同病理状态下不同组织中的功能作用提供了有力的手段。并为进一步阐明人类生理机能和疾病的分子机制及基因治疗的研究开辟了新的前景。     

四环素诱导调控表达系统的研究与应用

四环素(Tet)诱导调控表达系统是在大肠杆菌Tn10转座子中特异的Tet抗性操纵子基础上建立起来的一种用于诱导基因表达的调控系统。经过近几年来的发展,衍生出了Tet-on、Tet-off两套调控系统;随着对Tet诱导调控表达系统的改进,其对基因表达调控的严谨性、诱导效率及安全性等方面逐步得到改善,并被广泛应用于基础研究及体内外的实验治疗研究。此外Tet诱导调控系统与其他诱导调控体系及新兴技术的联合应用,为疾病的基因治疗研究提供有力的手段。     

一种新型的生物素诱导的真核基因表达调控系统的建立

为建立一种适用于生物制药工业和基因治疗领域的基因表达调控系统,构建枯草芽胞杆菌生物素连接酶(BS-BirA)与转录激活结构域的融合蛋白,以其表达载体为调控载体;在弱化的CMV启动子上游连接BS-BirA特异的操纵子序列,获得响应载体,从而得到响应于生物素的真核基因表达调控系统BS-Biotin-On。以增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)为报告基因对该系统进行考察,结果表明,与现有的类似调控系统相比,该系统具有良好的诱导率;可通过调节培养体系中生物素的浓度,实现对目的基因表达水平快速、较高效的调节。上述结果表明,BS-Biotin-On系统可能为外源基因的调控表达提供新的选择。     

性类固醇激素对鲤鱼脑垂体生长激素基因表达的影响

建立核糖核酸酶保护法,检测性类固醇激素对鱼鱼脑垂体生长激素基因表达水平的影响。根据已知的鲤鱼生长激素ｃＤＮＡ设计ＰＣＲ引物,亚克隆克建新的含鲁鱼生长激素ｃＤＮＡ片段的质粒,并以此作为模板,体外转录合成鲁鱼生长激素的反义ＲＮＡ探针,用以检测鲤鱼脑垂体中的生长激素ｍＲＮＡ水平,处于性腺成熟早期的雌性鲤鱼埋植雌二醇５天或１０天后,血液中生长激素水平均显著高于对照组,但其脑垂体的生长激素ｍＲＮＡ水平均没有     

真核细胞内可诱导基因表达系统研究进展

建立可诱导基因表达系统是研究基因功能的重要手段。迄今为止的许多真核细胞内可诱导基因表达系统,包括以真核调控元件及原核基因调控元件为基础的可诱导表达系统,双系统、组织特异性及可诱导基因打靶系统等。     

药物诱导的孕烷X受体对基因表达的调控

孕烷X受体(pregnane X receptor,PXR)是一种重要的孤儿核受体,可以调节很多基因的转录表达,例如:CYP3A4、CYP2B6、UGT1A1、ABCB1和MRP2等。它通过与配体结合的方式活化,进行相关基因转录的调控。PXR的配体包括大量的外源和内源化合物。     

仅基于RNA元件构建可诱导哺乳动物细胞基因表达的调控系统

大量的临床前和临床研究结果已表明基因治疗是理想的疾病治疗手段,然而如何实现治疗基因表达的精确调控仍然是研究人员面临的主要挑战。目前临床前研究常用的基因调控系统多基于控制转录,对反式转录激活因子和专门启动子元件的依赖限制了该系统的临床应用。最近,仅采用RNA元件构建的几种基因表达调控系统得到开发,其作用机制为核酶介导的RNA自我切割、RNA干扰、mRNA翻译启动或终止控制等。该类系统的调控活性由小分子配体反式控制,诱导基因表达的变化幅度可观,反应快速,在哺乳动物体内外均可实现。该系统结构模块化,调控活性可调节,可以克服现有转录调节系统的一些应用局限,对将来基因治疗的临床应用具有重要意义。     

致病性细菌中DNA超螺旋和基因表达的环境调控

<正>细菌感染从生态学角度可看作细菌本身对宿主体内外一系列微环境因素的适应过程,其中一些无法与其正常生活相区别,但另外一些(如细胞内存活等)则是特殊的并显然属于致病性范围。根据对细菌感染的不同影响,每一环境因素都包括在温度、营养、渗透压、pH和氧气是否存在等几个项目中。因为各个环境参数提供给细菌的信息都影响其与宿主的关系,所以致病菌可利用这些线索来保证它为其自身利益建立其生存所需的条件。     

DNA甲基化与基因表达调控研究进展

表观遗传修饰是指不改变DNA序列的、可遗传的对碱基和组蛋白的化学修饰,主要包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑以及非编码RNA等.表观遗传修饰是更高层次的基因表达调控手段.DNA甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传修饰,参与基因表达调控、基因印记、转座子沉默、X染色体失活以及癌症发生等重要生物学过程.近年来随着研究方法和技术的进步,全基因组DNA甲基化的研究广泛兴起,多个物种全基因组甲基化图谱被破译,全局水平对DNA甲基化的研究不仅利于在宏观层面上了解DNA甲基化的特性与规律,同时也为深入分析DNA甲基化的生物学功能与调控奠定了基础.结合最新研究进展综述DNA甲基化在基因组中的分布模式、规律以及和基因转录的关系等.     

Inducible gene expression systems inLactococcus lactis

Lactococcus lactis is industrially important microorganism used in many dairy fermentations. Numerous genes and gene expression signals from this organism have now been identified and characterized. Recently, several naturally occurring, inducible gene-expression systems have also been described inL. lactis. The main features of these systems can be exploited to design genetically engineered expression cassettes for controlled production of various proteins and enzymes. Novel gene-expression systems inLactococcus have great potential for development of industrial cultures with desirable metabolic traits for a variety of bioprocessing applications.     

Inducible gene expression with the Tet-on system in CD4+ T cells and thymocytes of mice

CD4+ T cells with their growing list of effector and regulatory subpopulations have vital functions within the immunohematopoietic system. We report here on the first mouse lines that allow temporally and quantitatively controlled expression of transgenes specifically in CD4+ thymocytes and T cells. These were constructed using the Tet-on system. The rtTA2(S)-M2 version of the reverse tetracycline-dependent transactivator was placed under control of all known CD4 regulatory elements. Reporter transgene expression in mice expressing these constructs is highly specific for CD4+ cells, is strictly dependent on the tetracycline derivative doxycycline, and can be regulated by up to five logs depending on the doxycycline concentration. Moreover, we demonstrate that these mice can be used for noninvasive in vivo imaging of a coexpressed luciferase reporter. These new mouse lines should be highly valuable for studying and manipulating numerous aspects of CD4+ T cell development, biology, and function.     

电离辐射诱导基因的研究进展

电离辐射诱导基因是一类受电离辐射调控表达的基因,其表达随辐射条件和所处生理环境的不同呈现复杂多变的特征。电离辐射诱导基因参与细胞内各种代谢途径,在细胞周期调控、细胞生长调节、细胞凋亡、DNA损伤修复中发挥着重要的作用。介绍了电离辐射诱导基因的种类、功能,及其引起的生物效应的分子机制及应用。     

Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression in hypothalamic neuronal cells

Summary 1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the hypothalamic releasing factor that controls pituitary gonadotropin subunit gene expression and indirectly gametogenesis and steroidogenesis from the gonad, which results in reproductive competence.2. GnRH is synthesized in only about 1000 neurons in the hypothalamus and released in an episodic fashion down the median eminence to regulate gonadotropin biosynthesis.3. Although much is known about the secretory dynamics of GnRH release, little is known about the pretranslational control of GnRH biosynthesis due to lack of appropriate model systems. The recent availability of immortalized neuronal cell lines that produce GnRH allows investigators for the first time to begin to dissect the factors that directly regulate GnRH gene expression.4. This article reviews the current state of knowledge concerning the mechanisms that direct tissue-specific and peptide hormone control of GnRH biosynthesis.     

Inducible gene expression systems and plant biotechnology

Plant biotechnology relies heavily on the genetic manipulation of crops. Almost invariantly, the gene of interest is expressed in a constitutive fashion, although this may not be strictly necessary for several applications. Currently, there are several regulatable expression systems for the temporal, spatial and quantitative control of transgene activity. These molecular switches are based on components derived from different organisms, which range from viruses to higher eukaryotes. Many inducible systems have been designed for fundamental and applied research and since their initial development, they have become increasingly popular in plant molecular biology.This review covers a broad number of inducible expression systems examining their properties and relevance for plant biotechnology in its various guises, from molecular breeding to pharmaceutical and industrial applications. For each system, we examine some advantages and limitations, also in relation to the strategy on which they rely. Besides being necessary to control useful genes that may negatively affect crop yield and quality, we discuss that inducible systems can be also used to increase public acceptance of GMOs, reducing some of the most common concerns. Finally, we suggest some directions and future developments for their further diffusion in agriculture and biotechnology.     

The role of peroxiredoxin 6 in neutralization of X-ray mediated oxidative stress: effects on gene expression,preservation of radiosensitive tissues and postradiation survival of animals

Peroxiredoxins are redox-sensing multifunctional enzymes, among them peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6) can neutralize the most broadest range of hydroperoxides and play an important role in maintaining the redox homeostasis of the cell. In the present study, radioprotective and signaling regulatory effects of Prx6 were demonstrated and characterized. Intravenously administered exogenous Prx6 protects the organism of mice from the destructive action of ionizing radiation in the lethal dose range of 5–10?Gy. Dose reduction factor of 1.4 Prx6 injection reduces the severity of radiation-induced leuko- and thrombopenia in irradiated animals, also preventing the destruction of epithelial cells in the small intestine. Injecting exogenous Prx6 also as its mutated form of Prx6–C47S lacking peroxidase activity affects the expression of genes involved in antioxidant response, DNA reparation, apoptosis and inflammatory processes, in bone marrow cells both in intact animals and in those subjected to ionizing radiation. The radioprotective properties of Prx6 are based, on the one hand, on the capability for ROS neutralization, and on the other hand – on the potentiality for activation of reparation processes of the cell under oxidative stress conditions. Prx6 can be considered as a potentially perspective radioprotective agent for the reduction of risks from the damaging action of ionizing radiation on the mammalian organism.     

Improved understanding of gene expression regulation using systems biology

This article reviews the current state of systems biology approaches, including the experimental tools used to generate ‘omic’ data and computational frameworks to interpret this data. Through illustrative examples, systems biology approaches to understand gene expression and gene expression regulation are discussed. Some of the challenges facing this field and the future opportunities in the systems biology era are highlighted.     

Tetracycline-regulated gene expression switch in Xenopus laevis

Xenopus is a well-characterized model system for the investigation of biological processes at the molecular, cellular, and developmental level. The successful application of a rapid and reliable method for transgenic approaches in Xenopus has led to renewed interest in this system. We have explored the applicability of tetracycline-regulated gene expression, first described by Gossen and Bujard in 1992, to the Xenopus system. By optimizing conditions, tetracycline repressor induced expression of a luciferase reporter gene was readily and reproducibly achieved in both the Xenopus oocyte and developing embryo. This high level of expression was effectively abrogated by addition of low levels of tetracycline. The significance of this newly defined system for studies of chromatin dynamics and developmental processes is discussed.