Saetheriella amplicristata gen. n., sp. n., a new Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tennessee

The generic diagnosis of the male imago of a new genus of the subfamily Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae), Saetheriella is given. The genus is characterized by protruding, hairy eyes; antenna with straight, apical seta; antepronotum reduced; squama without setae; Cu₁ distinctly downcurved; and anal point short, triangular, covered with microtrichia and with two strong, lateral setae. The genus is close to Gynnidocladius Sublette & Wirth, Unniella Sæther and Parakiefferiella Thienemann. The distribution of the genera shows evidence of a Gondwanian connection. The male imago of the only included species S. amplicristata sp. n. is described.     

Stempellina and Zavrelia from China (Diptera,Chironomidae, Tanytarsini)

The first records of the Tanytarsini genera Stempellina and Zavrelia in the Oriental Region based on adult males are presented. Two species, Stempellina clavata sp. n. and Zavrelia clinovolsella sp. n. from southern China, are described, and the generic diagnoses of the two genera are emended to accommodate the new species. A key to the male imagines of the genus Zavrelia is given.     

Habrophlebia antoninoi sp.n., a New Species from Spain,with an Account of the European Species of Habrophlebia Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae,Habrophlebiinae)

The adults and egg of Habrophlebia antoninoi sp. n. are described and illustrated from material collected in southern Spain. Although the genitalia of the new species is characteristic of Habrophlebia, the chorionic sculpturing of the egg and the shape and venation of hind wings are unique among European members of the genus. A discussion of its relationships with other European species of Habrophlebia is included and a key to male imagines of European species of Habrophlebia is provided.     

Pseudoneureclipsinae in Dipseudopsidae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychoidea), with Descriptions of Two New Species of Pseudoneureclipsis from East Asia

A phylogenetic analysis of all known life history stages of Hydropsychoidea implies that Pseudoneureclipsinae should be removed from Polycentropodidae and placed in Dipseudopsidae. Two synapomorphies especially informative for this conclusion are the fused condition of female sternum VIII sclerites and the presence of a long larval spinneret without labial palpi. A new species, Pseudoneureclipsis tiani Li, sp. n., is described, representing the first report of this genus from China. A male lectotype and two male paralectotypes of P. ussuriensis Martynov are designated from the Primorye Region of Far East Russia and distinguished from specimens described but not named by Botosaneanu in 1970 from Korea. These latter are herein named Pseudoneureclipsis botosaneanui Morse, sp. n.     

The Pupa and Larva of Propsilocerus taihuensis (Wen,Zhou & Rong) (Diptera: Chironomidae), with Complete Keys to all Immatures of the Genus Propsilocerus

The pupa and larva of Propsilocerus taihuensis (Wen, Zhou & Rong, 1994) are described for the first time. Both are close to P. akamusi (Tokunaga). The phylogenetic argumentation of the genus outlined in Sæther and Wang (1996) is confirmed. Revised keys to larvae and pupae of the genus are given. The main morphological characters of the different species of the genus are compared in tables.     

New World Stictocladius Edwards (Diptera: Chironomidae)

The orthocladiine Chironomidae genus Stictocladius Edwards was described originally from South America. Although recognised subsequently as present also in Australia and New Zealand, the true diversity in the Neotropics has remained unclear. After more than a decade of collections of both isolated adults and aquatic immature stages, we can recognise several new taxa and associate some immature stages. Thus, we describe Stictocladius prati n. sp. as male, female, pupa and larva; Stictocladius acutus n. sp. and Stictocladius acrilobus n. sp. as male, female and pupa; Stictocladius fimbriatus n. sp. as male and female; Stictocladius fovigus n. sp. and Stictocladius nudiventer n. sp. as male and pupa; and Stictocladius privicalcar n. sp. and Stictocladius prostatus n. sp. each as male imago alone. The male and female of Stictocladius pulchripennis Edwards is redescribed and the pupa described. The male and female of Stictocladius flavozonatus Edwards and the male of Stictocladius calonotum Edwards are described. Five pupal types are described: Stictocladius sp. A (near S. acrilobus), Stictocladius sp. B (possibly S. calonotum), Stictocladius sp. C (near S. calonotum), Stictocladius sp. D (possibly S. flavozonatus) and Stictocladius sp. E with uncertain affinity. A larva from Chile of the Stictocladius ??sofour type?? (Stictocladius sp. F) and an unreared larva from North America (Stictocladius sp. G) possibly belonging to S. acutus are described. Keys to named Neotropical male and female imagines of Stictocladius and to all pupal forms of Neotropical Stictocladius are provided. Some data concerning fourth instars of Stictocladius are presented. Means of differentiation from putative sister taxon Lopescladius are discussed.     

A New Species of Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Mexico

A new species of Thraulodes from Mexico is described from male and female imagines. The male imagines of this species have very characteristic genitalia that allow its easy separation from the other known species of the genus.     

Two new species of the orientalis group of Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) from China (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) calviculus sp. n. and R. (P.) villiculus sp. n. from China are described as male imagines. The species are closely related to the previously described R. (P.) orientalis Wang forming a new group, the orientalis group, which eventually may deserve the rank of subgenus or even genus. The group is distinguished by lacking a humeral pit, numerous sensilla clavata on third palpomere, cuneiform wings, no or few setae on squama, long legs, banded abdomen, very long inferior volsella, gonocoxite with apical extensions, and gonostylus with a median triangular projection.     

XENOCHIRONOMUS TUBEROSUS SP. NOV. FROM SOUTHERN CHINA,WITH EMENDATION TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE GENUS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)*

Abstract Xenochironomus tuberosus sp. nov. from southern China is here described and illustrated as male imagines. The new species is separated from other known species of this genus in having frontal tubercle, unusual stout setae on tergite VI, characteristic chaetotaxy on tergite IX and unique superior volsela. Based on the new species, an emendation to the diagnosis of the genus is given. This paper is the first record of genus Xenochironomus from China.     

Harnischia Kieffer from China,with Emendations to the Diagnosis of the Genus (Diptera: Chironomidae)

The genus Harnischia from China is revised. Harnischia cultriata sp.nov. is described as new to science from the male imago. H. hamata Wang et Zheng is recognized as new synonym of H. angularis Albu et Botnariuc and H. longispuria Wang et Zheng is recognized as a new synonym of H. curtilamellata (Malloch). A key to male imagines is presented. The distribution of the six known Chinese species is mapped. An emended generic diagnosis is given and discussed. Variation in the phallapodeme as an important specific diagnostic character within the genus is furnished.     

Two new chironomid species (Diptera,Chironomidae) from Wrangel Island

Two new species from Wrangel Island, Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius) tschernovi sp. n. and O. (E.) ushakovskiensis sp. n. (Orthocladiinae), are described and illustrated from on the male adults. Orthocladius (E.) tschernovi sp. n. is closely related to O. (E.) fuscimanus (Kieffer) and O. (E.) musester Sæther, but can be distinguished from both by an almost straight transverse sternapodema, a rounded triangular superior volsella, and a long phallapodema, as well as by the presence of a subapical crista dorsalis of the gonostylus and by the shape of the anal point. Orthocladius (E.) ushakovskiensis sp. n. differs from all the known species of the subgenus in the absence of superior and inferior volsellae and in the shape of both short gonostylus and the short and wide anal point.     

Afrotropical Polypedilum subgenus Tripodura, with a review of the subgenus (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Vårdal, H., Bjørlo, A. & Sæther, O. A. (2002). Afrotropical Polypedilum subgenus Tripodura, with a review of the subgenus (Diptera: Chironomidae). —Zoologica Scripta, 31, 331–402. A subgeneric diagnosis for all stages of the subgenus Tripodura Townes, 1 945 of the genus Polypedilum Kieffer, 1 912 is given. Nine new Afrotropical species of Tripodura are described: P.(T.)chelum Vårdal sp. n., P.(T.)amplificatus Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)patulum Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)spinalveum Vårdal sp. n., P.(T.)ewei Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)ogoouense Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)akani Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)dagombae Bjørlo sp. n., and P.(T.)amputatum Bjørlo sp. n.; all as male imagines only. P.(T.)alboguttatum Kieffer, P.(T.)albosignatum Kieffer, P.(T.)tropicum Kieffer, P.(T.)pruina Freeman, P.(T.)quinqueguttatum Kieffer, P.(T.) aegyptium Kieffer, P.(T.) tridens Freeman, P.(T.)allansoni Freeman, P.(T.)longicrus Kieffer, P.(T.)annulatipes Kieffer and P.(T.)abyssiniae Kieffer are re‐described as male and female imagines, while P.(T.)majiis Lehmann, P.(T.)subovatum Freeman, P.(T.)griseoguttatum Kieffer, P.(T.)aferum Lehmann and P.(T.)kijabense Freeman are re‐described as male imagines only. Keys to the male and the known female imagines of the 30 Afrotropical species in the subgenus are presented. A phylogenetic analysis based on all available information on Tripodura from all over the world (135 species) is presented and discussed. The monophyly of the subgenus Tripodura is confirmed. The subgenus can be divided into 20 groups with the acifer group forming the sister group of two larger assemblages of groups in the order acifer (titicacae (ginzansecundum ((aferum (ewei (malickianum (floridense (halterale, pullum)))))) (subovatum (labeculosum ((parascalaenum (allansoni (apfelbecki (udominatum, parvum))))) ((((alboguttatum, aegyptium) quinqueguttatum) annulatipes)). Only in the titicacae, halterale, pullum and apfelbecki groups are the larvae of more than one species described, while one larva is known in each of the subovatum, parascalaenum, aegyptium and quinqueguttatum groups. Three or more pupae are known only from the halterale, pullum, apfelbecki and aegyptium groups. Thus, the tentative nature of the group divisions is obvious. Geographical co‐evolutionary analyses (Brooks parsimony analyses) of the subgenus as a whole and of the major groups are performed and the areas most likely to be part of the original areas estimated. Most probably, eastern South America and Africa were part of the ancestral area. There are multiple sister‐group relationships and generalized tracks between South and East Asia and Africa, between Africa and the Palaearctic region, between South and East Asia, between tropical Brazil and Africa, between East Asia and North America across a former Beringian land bridge, and between the Indo‐West Pacific region and New Zealand, but no evidence for transantarctic relationships.     

Mariambera,a new genus of Orthocladiinae from Brazil (Insecta: Diptera,Chironomidae)

The genus Mariambera is erected based on the males of M. amazonica n. sp. from Amazonas and M. mariae n. sp. from Minas Gerais. The new genus is easily recognized by the distinctive anal point which has a rounded dorsal lobe with microtrichia and a triangular ventral lobe with very strong, marginal setae, in combination with bare eyes and wing membrane, squama with setae, antenna without strong apical seta, and apparently few, short, very weak, hair-like acrostichals in anterior 1/3 of scutum.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leucocytozoon</Emphasis> Berestneff, 1904 (Apicomplexa: Leucocytozoidae) from the avian family Artamidae

A new species of the apicomplexan genus LeucocytozoonBerestneff, 1904, L. artamidis n. sp., is described from the Australian avian family Artamidae. Gametocytes and endogenous stages of the life-cycle are described together with early erythrocytic and leucocytic developing forms rarely described for species of this genus.     

Taxonomic position of the cricket genus Eneopteroides Chopard, 1956 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea,Podoscirtidae), with descriptions of two new species

The cricket genus Eneopteroides Chopard, 1956 is transferred from the Eneopteridae to the Podoscirtidae owing to characters in external morphology and male genitalia. One species initially described in the genus Aphonomorphus Rehn, 1903, A. bicolor Hebard, 1928b, is transferred to Eneopteroides and two new species from western Amazonia are described, E. loretensis n. sp. and E. cordobensis n. sp.     

Polypedilum ( Cerobregma ) Sæther & Sundal from China (Diptera: Chironomidae)

P. (C.) cyclus sp. n. and P. (C.) jii sp. n. are described as male imagines. P. (C.) kamotertium Sasa and P. (C.) okigrandis Sasa are new records to China. A key to known adult males of the subgenus is presented. The subgeneric diagnosis is emended.     

中国东洋区新纪录裸中足摇蚊属及一新种记述（双翅目：摇蚊科）

记述中国东洋区摇蚊科新纪录属——裸中足摇蚊属,并对新种萨特裸中足摇蚊Psilometriocnemus s?theri sp.nov.的雄成虫进行了描述和绘图;该新种主要特征为肛尖发达,下腹器和亚端背脊退化。文中还修订了该属属征,提供了世界该属雄成虫分种检索表。     

New representatives of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nahublattella</Emphasis> Bruijning, 1959 (Dictyoptera,Blattellidae) from Central and South America

The following nine new species of the genus Nahublattella Bruijning, 1959 are described from Ecuador and Mexico: N. cuyabeno sp. n., N. alexandri sp. n., N. incurvata sp. n., N. maya sp. n., N. plena sp. n., N. bispina sp. n., N. ultima sp. n., N. beikoi sp. n., and N. reticulata sp. n. The structure of the male genitalia of the new species is described in detail. The genus diagnosis is discussed.