中国裸背寄蝇属二新种记述（双翅目：寄蝇科）

本文记述我国发现的裸背寄蝇属Ｉｓｔｏｃｈａｅｔａ Ｒｏｎｄａｎｉ２新种,长尾裸背寄蝇Ｉｓｔｏｃｈａｅｔａ ｌｏｎｇｉｃａｕｄａ Ｌｉａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｃｈａｏ和聂拉木裸背寄蝇Ｉｓｔｏｃｈａｅｔａ ｎｙａｌａｍｅｎｓｉｓ Ｃｈａｏ ｅｔ Ｌｉａｎｇ并附特征图。     

中国丛毛寄蝇族一新属新种记述（双翅目：寄蝇科）

本文记述寄蝇科丛毛寄蝇族一新属,类梳寄蝇属Ｉｓｏｐｅｘｏｐｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．一新种,侧颜类梳寄蝇Ｉ．ｐａｒａｆａｃｉａｌｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,并绘制了相应的特征图,模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

山西省寄蝇科五新种记述(双翅目)

本文记述了山西省寄蝇科５新种，即翼城侧盾寄蝇ＰａｒａｔｒｙｐｈｅｒａｙｉｃｈｅｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＣｈａｏｅｔＬｉｕ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，短爪尼里寄蝇ＮｉｌｅａｂｒｅｖｉｕｎｇｕｉｓＣｈａｏｅｔ．Ｌｉ．ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ翼城芙蕊寄蝇ＰｈｒｙｏｎｙｉｃｈｅｎｇｉｃａＣｈａｏｅｔＬｉｕ．ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ亮黑凹面寄蝇ＢｏｔｈｒｉａｃｌａｒｉｎｉｇｒａＣｈａｏｅｔＬｉｕ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ和山西广颜寄蝇Ｅｕｒｉｔｈｉａｓｈａｎｘｉｅ     

中国金绿寄蝇属记述：双翅目：寄蝇科

金绿寄蝇属Chrysocosmius在全世界已记载5种(古北界3种,东洋界2种),本文报道我国7种,其中包括4新种和2中国新纪录。新种为:巨眼鬃金绿寄蝇Chrysocosrmius ocellosetus,单鬃金绿寄蝇Chr.monostus,双齿金绿寄蝇Chr.bidentatus,亚合眼金绿寄蝇Chr.euholopticus。本文还编有种检索表。     

中国鞘寄蝇属的研究（双翅目：寄蝇科）

鞘寄蝇属Thecocarcelia全世界已记载7种,本文报道我国6种,其中2个新种。新种为:毛斑鞘寄蝇Thecocarcelia hirtmacula,多径鬃鞘寄蝇Th. setula。本文还编有种检索表。     

中国锥腹寄蝇属研究(双翅目,寄蝇科)

系统地研究了我国寄蝇科中锥腹寄蝇属Smidtia Robinneau-Desvoidy的分类及其种类鉴定,记述了3新种和中国l新纪录种,并编制了我国7种锥腹寄蝇的检索表。新种是：长肛锥腹寄蝇S.longicauda、亮丽锥腹寄蝇S.candida和伊春锥腹寄蝇S.yichunica,中国新纪录种是：日本锥腹寄蝇S.japonica。     

中国噪寄蝇属二新种及三新纪录种(双翅目,寄蝇科)(英文)

噪寄蝇属Campylocheta隶属于双翅目寄蝇科长足寄蝇亚科Dexiinae噪寄蝇族Campylochetini,其幼虫一般寄生于鳞翅目夜蛾科和尺蛾科的幼虫;世界性分布。本属区别于其它近缘属的特征为:复眼具黄色密长毛;颜堤在下2/3或更多部分具鬃;单眼鬃发达,通常后倾;触角第3节长于第2节3倍以上,触角芒裸,在基部1/5～1/2变粗;前胸前侧片具密的淡色毛;背中鬃3+3;小盾端鬃强,交叉后伸;翅肩鳞黑色;前缘基鳞红黄色;腹部第1+2合背板无中缘鬃。本研究的腹噪寄蝇C.abdominalis、双鬃噪寄蝇C.bisetosa和毛颜噪寄蝇C.hirticeps为中国新纪录分布;褐脉噪寄蝇C.fuscinervis、马来噪寄蝇C.malaisei和巨尾噪寄蝇C.magnicauda为中国分布已知种;编制了中国本属8个种的检索表。首次描述了产自我国的2新种;新种模式标本及其它研究标本均保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫标本馆(SNU)。     

狭颊寄蝇属一新种记述（双翅目：寄蝇科）

本文中国发现的狭颊寄蝇属一新种宽属狭颊寄蝇。     

中国俏饰寄蝇族的研究（双翅目：突颜寄蝇亚科）

本文记述中国寄蝇科、突颜寄蝇亚科、俏饰寄蝇族中的3属7种,其中包括1新属、2新纪录属和5新种,2新纪录种。     

辽宁白狼山国家级自然保护区寄蝇资源调查报告

调查我国辽宁西部白狼山国家级自然保护区寄蝇科昆虫资源。采用形态分类、生物多样性和动物地理研究法,分类鉴定寄蝇科4亚科18族49属78种,占中国已知属和种类的17.19%和6.33%,其中选择盆地寄蝇Bessa parallela,暗黑麦寄蝇Medina melania,多鬃麦寄蝇M.multispina,灰腹狭颊寄蝇Carcelia rasa,齿肛裸基寄蝇Sentometopia dentata,松毛虫锥腹寄蝇Smidtia amoena,窄角幽寄蝇Eumea linearicornis,敏阳寄蝇Panzeria laevigata种群数量明显多于其它种类,是白狼山森林和灌丛生态系的优势种群。白狼山寄蝇区系特征以古北界、古北和东洋界共有种类最为丰富,占本地区总种数的96.16%。发现2中国新纪录属,卡寄蝇属Kallisomyia Borisova,1964,泥寄蝇属Pelatachina Meade,1894;6中国新纪录种:斯塔卡寄蝇K.stackelbergi Borisova;斑埃里寄蝇Erycia fasciata Villevenue;触角锥腹寄蝇Smidtia antennalis Shima;灰锥腹寄蝇S.pauciseta Shima;敏阳寄蝇Panzeria laevigata Meigen;胫泥寄蝇P.tibialis(Fallén);22辽宁新纪录种,10中国特有种。检查标本均保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫标本馆。     

Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying face processing within and beyond the temporal cortical visual areas.

The ways in which information about faces is represented and stored in the temporal lobe visual areas of primates, as shown by recordings from single neurons in macaques, are considered. Some neurons that respond primarily to faces are found in the cortex in the anterior part of the superior temporal sulcus (in which neurons are especially likely to be tuned to facial expression and to face movement involved in gesture), and in the TE areas more ventrally forming the inferior temporal gyrus (in which neurons are more likely to have responses related to the identity of faces). Quantitative studies of the responses of the neurons that respond differently to the faces of different individuals show that information about the identity of the individual is represented by the responses of a population of neurons, that is, ensemble encoding rather than 'grandmother cell' encoding is used. It is argued that this type of tuning is a delicate compromise between very fine tuning, which has the advantage of low interference in neuronal network operations but the disadvantage of losing the useful properties (such as generalization, completion and graceful degradation) of storage in neuronal networks, and broad tuning, which has the advantage of allowing these properties of neuronal networks to be realized but the disadvantage of leading to interference between the different memories stored in an associative network. There is evidence that the responses of some of these neurons are altered by experience so that new stimuli become incorporated in the network. It is shown that the representation that is built in temporal cortical areas shows considerable invariance for size, contrast, spatial frequency and translation. Thus the representation is in a form which is particularly useful for storage and as an output from the visual system. It is also shown that one of the representations that is built is object based, which is suitable for recognition and as an input to associative memory, and that another is viewer centred, which is appropriate for conveying information about gesture. Ways are considered in which such cortical representations might be built by competitive self-organization aided by back projections in the multi-stage cortical processing hierarchy which has convergence from stage to stage.     

Cytoplasmic localization of the ORF2 protein of hepatitis E virus is dependent on its ability to undergo retrotranslocation from the endoplasmic reticulum

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that is prevalent in much of the developing world. ORF2 is the major capsid protein of HEV. Although ORF2 is an N-linked glycoprotein, it is abundantly located in the cytoplasm in addition to having membrane and surface localization. The mechanism by which ORF2 protein obtains access to the cytoplasm is unknown. In this report, we prove that initially all ORF2 protein is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and a fraction of it becomes retrotranslocated to the cytoplasm. The ability of ORF2 to be retrotranslocated is dependent on its glycosylation status and follows the canonical dislocation pathway. However, in contrast to general substrates of the dislocation pathway, retrotranslocated ORF2 protein is not a substrate of the 26S proteasome complex and is readily detectable in the cytoplasm in the absence of any protease inhibitor, suggesting that the retrotranslocated protein is stable in the cytoplasm. This study thus defines the pathway by which ORF2 obtains access to the cytoplasm.     

The fate of di-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methane (Ionox 22) in the rat

1. A large proportion of a single oral dose of [(14)C]Ionox 220 to rats is eliminated in 24 days: 89.3-97.4% of the label is excreted in the faeces (much of this is eliminated in the first 4 days after dosage), 1% in the urine and less than 0.1% in the expired gases; 4.06% of (14)C is present in the carcass and viscera after removal of the gut, and most of this is in the fatty tissues. 2. About 87% of (14)C in the faeces is due to unchanged antioxidant, 5% to the quinone methide, 5% to the free acid and 3% to an unidentified polar constituent. Three-fifths of (14)C in the urine is due to 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and the remainder to the ester glucuronide. In three individual animals, one-half of (14)C in the bile is due to the free acid, one-quarter to the ester glucuronide and the remainder to unchanged antioxidant, whereas in another all of (14)C in the bile is due to Ionox 220. About 97% of (14)C in the body fat is due to unchanged antioxidant and the remainder to the free acid. 3. Up to 20% of a single oral dose of Ionox 220 is absorbed in rats: 13-14% is metabolized. 3,5-Di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid accounts for just over 5% of a dose of Ionox 220, 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid for less than 0.4%, the quinone methide for just over 5% and an unidentified compound for less than 3%. 4. The physiological and biochemical implications of ingesting Ionox 220 are discussed.     

北京山区与城区植物组成比较

通过典型抽样法对北京山区与城区植物物种进行了调查,结果表明北京山区有植物种1283种,隶属于127科,538属,北京城区(五环内)共有维管束植物99科,307属,536种。含25种以上的科的数量在北京山区和城区都比较少,含5种以下的科的数量在北京山区和城区都比较多,而城区只含有1种植物的科要比山区多一些。植物种在属上的分布与其在科上的分布相似。城区植物中乔木、灌木和多年生草本和一年生草本的比例相差不大,而在山区,多年生草本植物优势极为明显,也是山区和城区植物种数差异的主要来源。在属级水平上,植物区系中温带成分在北京山区和城区均占有绝对优势,二者的差异主要表现在城区植物的热带成分明显高于山区,而温带成分的比例则要稍低于山区。山区和城区共有植物有329种,隶属于72科,201属。主要集中在菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科等世界性大科中。     

Strong-polar mutations in the transferase gene of the galactose operon in E.coli

Summary A class of mutations in the transferase gene of the galactose operon in E. coli is described, which is strongly polar for the synthesis of kinase. The latter enzyme is made only to the extent of about 0.1% of the amount made in the induced wildtype. This amount is not dependent on the map position of the mutations and the residual synthesis is non-inducible. The mutants thus resemble 0° mutants in the same operon.Epimerase, which is coded for by the gene proximal to the transferase gene with respect to the operator, is made in normal amounts and its synthesis is normally inducible.The mutants do not seem to belong either to the nonsense or to the frameshift class on the basis of reversion pattern, suppressibility, and degree of polarity. The possible nature of the mutations is discussed.     

Cysteinesulfonate and beta-sulfopyruvate metabolism. Partitioning between decarboxylation, transamination, and reduction pathways

L-Cysteinesulfonate (L-cysteate) is present in plasma, urine, and tissues in concentrations comparable to that of L-cysteinesulfinate, the primary oxidative metabolite of L-cysteine. Although cysteinesulfonate is known to be decarboxylated to taurine by cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase, the occurrence and importance of other metabolisms has not been examined. The present studies indicate that cysteinesulfonate partitions in vivo between decarboxylation and transamination; the latter reaction is catalyzed by aspartate aminotransferase and yields beta-sulfopyruvate. Whereas beta-sulfinylpyruvate, the product of cysteinesulfinate transamination, decomposes spontaneously, beta-sulfopyruvate is stable and is reduced by malate dehydrogenase to beta-sulfolactate. When L-[1-14C]cysteinesulfonate is given to mice, 60-75% is decarboxylated to taurine and about 25% is excreted in the urine as beta-sulfolactate. beta-Sulfo[1-14C] pyruvate is found to partition about equally between beta-sulfolactate and cysteinesulfonate formation; greater than 90% of the latter is decarboxylated. Parenterally administered beta-sulfo[1-14C]lactate is mostly excreted in the urine, but 12% is metabolized via beta-sulfopyruvate and cysteinesulfonate to 14CO2 and taurine. beta-Sulfopyruvate is not excreted, and only traces of sulfoacetate, perhaps formed by oxidative decarboxylation, are detected. These studies establish that cysteinesulfonate, beta-sulfopyruvate, and beta-sulfolactate are reversibly interconverted in vivo. Since only cysteinesulfonate is directly metabolized to CO2, the rate of 14CO2 formation from L-[1-14C]cysteinesulfonate is a valid measure of total cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity in vivo; use of this assay permits inhibitor effects to be accurately determined in intact mice. Thus, whereas in vitro assays indicate that beta-methyleneaspartate inhibits brain, liver, and kidney cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase by 0, greater than 60, and 90%, respectively, in vivo studies with L-[1-14C]cysteinesulfonate show net metabolic inhibition is about 40%.     

扬子鳄视觉器官组织学研究

本文用光镜和电镜研究了扬子鳄(Alligator sinensis)的组织学,同时测量了其眼球的一些光学参数.扬子鳄眼球呈扁圆球形,角膜径与球径的比值为1:1.44;晶状体与角膜的比值为1:1.40。角膜内具鲍氏膜;虹膜内的括约肌、睫状体内的睫状肌均属横纹肌,视细胞椭圆体内线粒体嵴突与线粒体长轴相平行,这与报道的其它鳄类不同。虹膜内未见扩瞳肌纤维,角膜缘缺巩膜小骨片,晶状体环垫薄,因而其视觉调节能力仍然很弱。视网膜中视细胞由视杆细胞、单锥细胞、双锥细胞组成,其中以视杆细胞占多数。视细胞与神经节细胞核比值平均为2.5:1,表明扬子鳄的组织结构与其弱光视觉相适应。     

Interventions with drugs on blood deposits

The aim of this study is to see if some drugs are able to lodge blood in specific organs, in the Rat. The metodic is the follow: the rat's carotid is connected to a container of saline plasma; the animal is fastened to a balance with central fulcrum; by the relation between the movements of the balance and the liquid entered and come out from the container, because of the action of the drugs on the animal, it is possible to stabilish the part of the body from which the blood is moved. The prevailing effect of 0,25-1 mug/kg doses of isoprenalin is an accumulation of blood in the liver: this blood comes from caudal parts to these organs. The enteramin's effect, for doses of 3-30 mug/kg, is an accumulation of blood in the liver and in the torax. The carbamylcholin's effect, for doses of 1-4 mug/kg, is an accumulation of blood in the abdomen and partially in the liver; this blood comes from cranial parts to the abdomen.     

Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of globular protein folding. Model studies of in vivo assembly of four helix bundles and four member beta-barrels

As part of an ongoing series of dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of globular protein folding, the nature of the folding pathway, of model four-member beta-barrels and four-helix bundles, under highly idealized conditions in vivo, has been examined. The ribosome is crudely modeled as an inert hard wall on to which the model protein chain is attached. Three cases are considered in detail. The first corresponds to post-translational assembly in which the fully synthesized chain is tethered to the wall and starts out under strongly denaturing conditions. The system is cooled down, and the chain is allowed to fold. Interestingly, the helical motif prefers to assemble parallel to the wall, whereas the beta-barrel, predominantly assembles with its principal axis perpendicular to the wall. In the former case, the dominant intermediate, the helical hairpin, is different from that in free solution, a three-helix bundle. The wall acts to reduce the expanse of configuration space that must be searched and aids in folding. Two situations that might lead to co-translational folding are also simulated. In the first case, to eliminate wall effects, the chain is slowly synthesized in free solution, and in the second case, it is slowly synthesized from the wall. In all cases, the chains are observed to fold post-translationally. While partially folded intermediates are observed during synthesis, they lack the stability to survive until chain synthesis is complete. The implications of these results for the folding in vivo of real protein chains is discussed, and a model of multiple domain protein folding is proposed.