红花玉兰等5个玉兰种花粉形态观察及分类学意义

通过对红花玉兰（Magnolia wufengensis L. Y. Ma et L. R. Wang）等5个玉兰种的花粉的光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察拍照,测量光学显微镜下的花粉大小并对其进行统计学分析。结果表明：光学显微镜下,木兰属5个种的花粉均呈现椭圆形或近圆形,各种之间大小、形状方面有较大差异,种内部也存在不同程度的差异;扫描电子显微镜下,各种花粉均为舟形,且具有闭合、长及两端的远极萌发单沟等一致特征,花粉表面纹饰、突起等特征在种内部比较稳定,不同种之间差异明显,可以为木兰属植物种的划分提供比较准确的依据。     

禾本科针茅族(Stipeae)7种花粉形态比较研究

利用光学显微镜(LM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了针茅族7种花粉形态.观察显示,花粉形态均为近球形,具远极单孔,并有萌发孔盖(Operculum).LM观察到花粉外壁纹饰具粗细不一的颗粒状结构,SEM则可辨不同种类的颗粒或瘤状结构的大小及其形成图案的差异,其中芨芨草属(Achnatherum)花粉外壁纹饰的种间差异...     

三种黄花石蒜植物的花粉形态比较

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对三种开黄花的石蒜属(Lycoris Herb.)植物的花粉形态进行观察和比较.结果表明:三种植物花粉均为两侧对称,赤道面观呈舟形或肾形,极面观为椭圆形或长椭圆形,萌发孔类型为远极单槽,槽长几达两端;三种植物花粉外壁具网状纹饰,且在网眼底壁及网脊多附有小乳突.通过花粉特征及其他性状的比较研究,对三种黄花石蒜植物的分类鉴定和系统演化关系进行了初步探讨.     

木兰属3种植物花粉形态研究

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察木兰属（Magnolia)3种植物的花粉粒,其形态特征是：花粉粒长球形,具单沟：外壁光滑或粗糙,结果表明：该属3种植物花粉形态在种的水平上具有分类学意义,而且具有明显的深化趋势。     

Pollen Morphology of Tundra Shrubs and Submarginal Plants from Barrow, Alaska

Investigation of plant morphological features, pollen, and habitat have been made for two shrub species from Barrow, Alaska, namely Dryas integrifoila M. Vahl and Salix rotundifolia Trautv., both of which are endemic to the Arctic floristic area. The former species has small lanceolate or plate leaves, whereas the latter has rounded leaves with distinct veins, rich in vitamin C. Both have dwarf and sprawling habits. Pollen studies showed that the pollen grains of the two species are spheroidal to sub-spheroidal or prolate. The type of aperture was tricolporate; pollen size 26.3-31.3 μm; ornamentation finely reticulate under a light microscope （LM） and strlate-reticulate under a scanning electron microscope （SEM） for D. integrafoila and finely reticulate under the LM and SEM for S. rotundifolia. Comparisons were made between the pollen from the same species from Arctic collections with those from China and Japan. Investigation of pollen morphology of tundra plants can provide significant data for comparative studies of fossil pollen and for the reconstruction of paleovegetation and paleoclimate in the Barrow area.     

The Pollen Morphology in Relation to the Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Fagaceae

The present paper deals with the pollen morphology of 103 species belonging to sixgenera-Castanea, Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Quercus, Fagus and Trigonobalanus in threesubfamilies-Castaneoideae, Quercoideae and Fagoideae. All pollen grains were examinedunder light microscope and scanning electron microscope, and those of some species were ex-amined under transmission electron microscope. The results may be summarised as follows:1. Pollen morphology of Fagaceae, seems to support division of the family into threesubfamilies. Fagoideae, Castaneoideae and Quercoideae.2. Four types of pollen grains are recognized in Fagaceae:1) Fagus-type (representative genus: Fagus): pollen granis are oblate-sphaeroidal,(31.5-39.9) x (35.7 46.2) μm in size, 3(-4)-colporate, peritreme or goniotreme, granulate-ornate under LM., granulate or verrucate under SEM.2) Trigonobalanus-type (T. doichangensis): pollen grains are suboblate-sphaeroidal,(23.1-29.4) ×(25.2-29.4) μm in size, 3-colporate, goniotreme, obscurely granulate-ornateunder LM, densely granulate or verrucate under SEM.3) Quercus-type (Quercus): pollen grains are subspheroidal-subprolate, (21-44.3)× (16.8-39.9) μm in size. 3-colporoidate (-3-colpate), peritreme, crassgranulate or finely-gra-nulate under LM, tuberculate verrucate or spinate under SEM.4) Castanea-type (including Castanea, Castanopsis, Lithocarpus): Pollen grains areprolate-supraprolate, (14.7-23.1)×(10.5-16.8)μm in size; 3-colporate, peritreme, obscu-rely ornate or subpsilate, under LM, rugulose, striate-rugulate or crass-striate under SEM.3. Pollen grains of Cyclobalanopsis age very similar to those of Quercus, and there-fore we support the treatment of Cyclobalanopsis as a subgenus of Quercus.4. On the basis of shape, type of aperture and exine structure, pollen of Trigonobalanusis distinguishable from those of the other genera in Fagaceae and it may be a new type of Fagaceae;5. On the basis of pollen morphology, morphological characters and geological stratification a scheme of phylogeny of Fagaceae is here presented.     

国产淫羊藿属花粉形态研究

本文用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国淫羊藿属Epimedium 14种花粉进行比较深入的研究,试图通过花粉形态的研究为该属的植物分类和原植物鉴定提供参考依据。     

樱属花粉形态研究

本文对樱属(Cerasus)9个种和变种的花粉形态进行光学显微镜观察,并结合电镜观察结果进行初步比较。结果表明,樱属花粉的极面观为圆形或近三裂圆形,赤道面观为椭圆形,三孔沟,外壁纹饰多为条纹状。属内特征基本一致,但种间存在着花粉大小、外壁纹饰的细微差别。     

东北杜鹃花属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对东北杜鹃花属(Rhododendron Linn.)6种, 1变种, 1变型的花粉形态进行了观察和比较研究。该属花粉粒均为四合花粉。四合花粉呈正四面体排列。花粉粒近球形。每粒花粉均具3沟,在四合花粉粒上,相邻花粉粒上的沟相接,有些种可见沟内的萌发孔。光镜下可见花粉外壁为内外两层,厚度约相等。不同的种在花粉粒大小上有区别。在扫描电镜下观察可见不同的种花粉表面具有不同的纹饰。即该属在花粉形态上具有种的特性。     

国产堇菜属植物花粉形态的研究

本文应用光学显微镜及扫描电镜对国产３２种堇菜属植物的花粉形态进行了观察,结果表明,在光学显微镜下,除Ｖ．ｔｒｉｃｏｌｏｒＬ．外,堇菜属植物的花粉形态比校一致,对本属的分类意义不大。在扫描电镜下的花粉外壁纹饰亦表明本属是一个较为自然的类群。但国产四亚属之间的花粉在外壁纹饰,颗粒的多少和有无,穿孔的多少和有无等方面存在着较明显的差异,而在亚属内则分化校小。支持了Ｊｕｚｅｐｃｈｕｋ（１９４９）和王庆瑞（１９９１）的分类处理。     

Comparison of different treatments for LM and SEM studies and systematic value of pollen grains in Cyperaceae

The pollen grain morphology of 30 species of 27 genera from the four subfamilies of the Cyperaceae have been studied with LM and SEM. Several methods were tested in order to find the optimal treatment for the delicate Cyperaceae pollen grains. For LM, treatment with wetting agent Agepon and KOH yielded the best results, while critical point drying (CPD) after fixation with alcohol proved to be the best method for studying pollen grains of Cyperaceae with SEM. Our results show that the Mapanioideae have a pollen grain type (only one distal ulcus) clearly different from the other Cyperaceae. Representatives of the examined Sclerioideae and Caricoideae show a similar pollen grain type (mostly one distal ulcus and three lateral pores) while in the Cyperoideae different pollen grain types are found.     

Pollen morphology of Pedicularis sect. Cyathophora, a group endemic to the Eastern Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region

Pedicularis sect. Cyathophora is a distinctive group endemic to the eastern Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region. It was regarded as a ＇grex＇ or section and included all four general corolla types of Pedicularis. A unique feature of it is that the leaf and bract bases are fused together to form a cup-like structure around the stem at each node. Pollen morphology of seven species in sect. Cyathophora was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and light microscopy （LM）. Two different pollen apertures could be distinguished （i.e. trisyncolpate and bisyncolpate） using LM, while examination with SEM made it possible to recognize three types of exine ornamentation （i.e. microscabrate, microfoveolate and microreticulate）. The microfoveolate exine ornamentation was found in trisyncolpate pollen grains for the first time. Possible relationships between pollen data and the corolla types were discussed. Comparisons of floral and phyllotaxy characters of the genus Pedicularis, together with the pollen characters of sect. Cyathophora, could help us to better understand the evolutionary trends in Pedicularis.     

东北杜鹃花科4属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对东北杜鹃花科甸杜属(Chamaedaphne Moench.)、杜香属(Ledum Linn.)、松毛翠属(Phyllodoce Salisb.)、越橘属(Vaccinium Linn.)4属6种, 1变种的花粉形态进行了观察和比较研究。以上4属花粉粒均为四合花粉。四合花粉呈正四面体排列。花粉粒近球形。每粒花粉均具3沟,在四合花粉粒上,相邻花粉粒上的沟相接,有些种可见沟内的萌发孔。光镜下可见花粉外壁为内外两层,厚度约相等。不同属种的花粉粒在大小上有区别,花粉粒平均直径为34.0~43.7μm。在扫描电镜下观察可见不同的种花粉表面具有不同的纹饰。为分类学提供了孢粉学方面的证据。     

Pollen Morphology of Cyclobalanopsis and Its Relation to Quercus

The present paper deals with pollen morphology of 19 species belonging to Cyclobalanopsis and of 31 species belonging to Quercus from China. All pollen grains were examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope, and those of 4 species of Cyclobalanopsis and of 8 species of Quercus were examined under transmission electron microscope. Pollen grains of Cyclobalanopsis are spheroidal or subspheroidal, 25.2(18.9-31.5) ×23.1 (16.8-27.3) μm in size. Mostly 3-colporoidate, rarely 3-colpate or 3-colporate. The exine is 2-layered, 1.1-1.9 μm thick, sexine thicker than nexine, finely granulate under LM, granulate, spinulate, verrucate under SEM. Pollen grains of Cyclobalanopsis and of evergreen members of Quercus are very similar to each other in size, aperture and ornamentation of exine, but there are some differences in pollen grains between Cyclobalanopsis and deciduous members of Quercus. Therefore, Pollenmorphology supports the treatment of Cyclobalanopsis as a subgenus of Querc     

Pollen morphology of Phyllosma and Sheilanthera (Diosminae: Rutaceae) and its taxonomic implications

Phyllosma (two species) and Sheilanthera (one species) are members of the taxonomically problematic subtribe Diosminae, Rutaceae. Pollen morphology of all three species was investigated by LM, SEM and TEM to shed light on their relationships to other genera of the subtribe. Sheilanthera shares pollen morphological features with many other species in the subtribe, but the pollen of Phyllosma is distinctive. Possible relationships between Sheilanthera and Acmadenia, and between Phyllosma and Agathosma are suggested. The macromorphological characters of the species correspond to the pollen morphology.     

Pollen Morphology of Dioscorea in China

This paper deals with pollen morphology of 33 species belonging to 5 sections of Dioscorea in China. They were examined under both LM and SEM. The pollen grains of Sect. Stenophora are monocolpate with the size of 17-25.5×26.8-39.1μm, the exine is reticulate, striate, parforate-reticulate or cerebro-reticulate, while those of the other sections are bicolpate, reticulate or cerebro- reticulate with the size of 19.2-26.7×13.9-23.1μm. Based on palynological data Sect. Stenophora may be considered primitive and Sect. Enantiophyllum the most advanced in Dioscorea.     

中国西南地区当归属植物花粉形态及其系统进化分析

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了分布于中国西南地区的当归属(Angelica L.)16种植物的花粉形态,其中有7种植物的花粉形态为首次报道。研究结果表明当归属植物花粉粒较大,分化明显,包含了伞形科花粉的原始、中等进化和进化的类型,其形态以菱形、椭圆形、近长方形、赤道收缩形为主,萌发孔为角孔或边孔,从花粉的这种多类型证明该地区的当归属植物既起源古老同时又在不断分化着。从孢粉学角度初步分析了当归属的属下系统,为该属植物种的划分及系统演化关系的探讨提供依据。     

海桑属6种植物花粉形态兼化石花粉指南

利用光镜(LM)和电镜(SEM)观察和研究海桑属6种植物的花粉形态.详细描述海桑属(Sonneratia L．f．)花粉形态学特征并建立种间检索表.根据观察和分析结果,将6种植物花粉分为四种类型,即A类型(Sonneratia alba,S．×hainanensis,s．×gulngai)、B类型(S．caseolaris)、C类型(S．ovata)和D类型(S．apetala).进而讨论海桑属花粉形态特征对化石花粉的鉴别指南,以及在古生态学研究领域的应用价值.     

水鳖科9属15种植物花粉形态的研究

应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对水鳖科Hydrocharitaceae 9属15种植物的花粉形态进行 了观察。水鳖科植物花粉为圆球形至近椭球形,无萌发孔或偶为单沟萌发孔,外壁纹饰通常为小刺状纹 饰,刺密集或稀疏,花粉表面具瘤状、疣状、颗粒状、皱波状突起或光滑。外壁由覆盖层、柱状层和基层组 成。覆盖层厚或较薄,柱状层小柱发育不明显,基层薄。水鳖科植物在花粉大小、纹饰类型、刺的长短、 密度、形态、萌发孔的有无以及花粉壁的结构等方面表现出了较为明显的差异,这些特征对探讨类群间 关系具有较重要意义。由于黑藻属Hydrilla和Stratiotes属花粉较为特殊,支持将它们各自作为一个独立 的族处理。水鳖科植物花粉外壁纹饰和结构特点表明该科与水雍科Aponogetonaceae、泽泻科Alismataceae 和花蔺科Butomaceae等近缘,而该科植物花粉大多无萌发孔等则反应了该科与茨藻目Najadales植物有密切联系。     

Pollen morphology of the genus Nothofagus and its taxonomic significance

The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 26 species and 2 varieties in Nothofagus from Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, New Guinea and South America. Pollen grains were all examined with light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). A comparative analysis of pollen exine ultrastructure was made for some species. The results are summarised as follows: Pollen grains are oblate to peroblate, 5～8-short-colpate, rarely 4- or 9-colpate; colpi generally thickened at margins; pollen surface spinulose. The exine ultrastructure of Nothofagus differs considerably from that of the other genera in the Fagaceae. The pollen grains of the species examined here show great differences in shape, size, colpal number and characteristics of colpi at margins and could be divided into three distinct types, i.e. N. brassii type; N. menziesii type and N. fusca type.