新疆黑尔衣属地衣的研究

该研究对采自新疆天山及阿尔泰山山脉、保存于新疆大学中国西北干旱地衣研究中心地衣标本室(XJUNALH)的130余份黑尔衣属(Melanohalea O.Blanco et al.)地衣标本进行了研究。研究发现,新疆黑尔衣属地衣包括2个中国新记录种——烟色黑尔衣(M.infumata)和亚橄榄黑尔衣(M.subolivacea),1个新疆新记录种亚长芽黑尔衣(M.subelegantula)以及4个常见种地衣等7个地衣物种。并提供了新记录种地衣的形态-解剖特征描述和彩色照片,以及包括这些种的检索表、地衣名录和分布地区。这些新记录种的发现,为中国和新疆的地衣资源提供了基础资料。     

蜈蚣衣科地衣1个中国新记录属——金奥克衣属

以采自新疆地区的地衣标本为试验材料,通过观察和研究该地衣形态解剖特征、次生代谢产物以及构建核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)系统发育树,研究鉴定该地衣标本为蜈蚣衣科(Physciaceae)1个中国新记录属:金奥克衣属[Oxnerella(S.Y.Kondr.,Lo″k?s&Hur)]及中国新记录种双裂金奥克衣[O.safavidiorum(S.Y.Kondr.,Zarei-Darki,Lo″k?s&Hur)],该种含有柔扁枝衣酸,文中提供了该种形态解剖图,并讨论了其与相似物种的关系。     

《西北植物学报》国外发行量持续增加

Endod,2005,31(2):117-119. [3]Sarkar NK,Caicedo R,Ritwik P,et al.J Endod,2005,31(2):97-100. [4]Lin CP,Chen YJ,Lee YL,et al.J Biomed Mater Res,2004,71B(2):429-440. [5]Asrari M,Lobner D.J Endod,2003,29(11):743-746. [6]Aeinehchi M,Eslami B,Ghanbar…     

中国泡状微孢衣及相关种类的初步研究

采用传统分类学及分子生物学技术,鉴定并报道了采自中国甘肃、新疆、西藏的微孢衣属中国新记录种——泡状微孢衣(Acarospora bullata Anzi),并对该属部分种类[节微孢衣(A. nodulosa (Dufour) Hue)、垫微孢衣(A. pulvinata H. Magn.)]进行了分类及系统发育学研究,提供了这3个物种的详细描述、形态结构图以及ITS序列。本研究可为《中国地衣志——微孢衣科》的编写提供科学数据。     

中国鸡皮衣属二新记录种

1 INTRODUCTION Pertusaria is a fairly large genus of Pertusariaceae with around 170 species recognized(Kirk et al.2001).The genus is characterized by the verrucose thallus,and the large spores(often longer than 30μm)with a conspicuously thick wall(more than 2.5μm thick).Both morphology and chemistry are essential for identifying species in this genus(Oshio 1968; Dibben 1980; Archer 1991,1997;Lumbsch et al.1999).Studies of the Chinese Pertusaria have been extensively developed with 45taxa accepted to data(Zhao et al.2004).A considerable portion of these taxa are difficult to be distinguished without chemical data which,however,have been detected for only a handful of species (Yu et al.1999; Zhao et al.2004).     

新疆地图衣属地衣的初步研究

对采集于新疆的地图衣属(Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC.)地衣进行了分类学研究,结果发现:中国新记录种2个——栗褐色地图衣[Rhizocarpon badioatrum(Flrke ex Spreng.)Th.Fr.]、大孢地图衣(R.macrosporum Rsnen);新疆新记录种3个——谷粒状地图衣[R.grande(Flrke ex Flot.)Arnold]、茶渍地图衣(R.lecanorinum Anders)、拟地图衣(R.riparium Rsnen)。并对以上5种地衣的形态解剖特征、化学特征和生境进行了描述,同时提供了相关彩色图片。     

参考文献的写法

正1.期刊文献:[序号]作者.题名[J].刊名,出版年,卷(期):起止页码.例:[1]Wang H,Bloom O,Zhang M,et al. HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice[J]. Science,1999,285(5425):248-251.2.专著文献:[序号]作者.题名[文献类型标志](M图书、S标准、C会议论文集、D学位论文等).版本项(第1版可省略).出版地:出版者,出版年:引文页码.     

参考文献的写法

1.期刊文献:[序号]作者.题名[J].刊名,出版年,卷(期):起止页码.例:[1]Wang H,Bloom O,Zhang M,et al. HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice[J]. Science,1999,285(5425):248-251.2.专著文献:[序号]作者.题名[文献类型标志](M图书、S标准、C会议论文集、D学位论文等).版本项(第1版可省略).出版地:出版者,出版年:引文页码.例:[1]余敏.出版集团研究[M].北京:中国书籍出版社,2001:179-193.     

论Mufushania三叶虫分类

通过对我国己经正式发表的Mufushania三叶虫的18个种模式标本的头盖特征进行Q型聚类分析,并结合传统定性分析后,提出其中Mufushania shalangensis Zhang and Zhou inZhang et al.,1980,M.angustilimbata Zhang and Zhou inZhang et al.,1980,和M.kailiensis(Yuan in Yuan et al.,2002)(=Elrathiella kailiensis Zhou in Lu et al.,1974)等3种应从Mufushania属中删除,对余下15个种,通过修订,转移和归并为2个种:M.nankingensis Lin,1965和M.bella(Yuan in Yuan et al.,2002)。本文将对研究我国寒武纪第二世晚期褶颊虫类三叶虫系统演化、生物地理分区以及华北与华南生物地层划分和对比,提供重要依据。     

参考文献的写法

<正>1.期刊文献:[序号]作者.题名[J].刊名,出版年,卷(期):起止页码.例:[1]Wang H,Bloom O,Zhang M,et al.HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice[J].Science,1999,285(5425):248-251.2.专著文献:[序号]作者.题名[文献类型标志](M图书、S标准、C会议论文集、D学位论文等).版本项(第1版可省略).出版地:出版者,出版年:引文页码.     

Mechanic stimulation of the soles support zones as a countermeasure of the contractile properties decline under microgravity conditions

Decrease in muscle contractility is an inevitable consequence of exposure in microgravity. A wealth of currently accumulated facts is indicative of profound modifications in structure and function of the skeletal muscles in the absence of gravity. Investigations with humans during space flights of varying duration (L.I. Kakurin et al., 1971; I.B. Kozlovskaya et al., 1984, 1987, 1991;.), ground-based simulation studies (A.M. Genin et al., 1969; L.S. Grigorieva et al., 1983), and numerous experiments with animals (E.I. IIyina-Kakueva et al., 1979; O.M. Edgerton et al 1991; B.S. Shenkman et al., 1994) made it evident that removal of gravitational loading is fraught with significant reductions in the contractile properties of muscular fibers, especially noticeable in muscles-extensors. Results of ground-based simulation studies led to the hypothesis that changes in muscle contractility developing already after few days in microgravity conditions are consequent to reduction in support afferentation that plays an important role in initiation and maintenance of the activity of tonic motor units (A.V. Kirenskaya et al., 1986). In view of the above, an idea has been proposed to prevent losses in tonic muscles contractility by application of artificial support. Testing of this hypothesis was the theme of the present investigation.     

The H+/O ratio of proton translocation linked to the oxidation of succinate by mitochondria. Reply to a commentary

Costa, L.E., Reynafarje, B. and Lehninger, A.L. [(1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4802-4811] have reported 'second-generation' measurements of the H+/O ratio approaching 8.0 for vectorial H+ translocation coupled to succinate oxidation by rat liver mitochondria. In a Commentary in this Journal [Krab, K., Soos, J. and Wikstr?m, M. (1984) FEBS Lett. 178, 187-192] it was concluded that the measurements of Costa et al. significantly overestimated the true H+/O stoichiometry. It is shown here that the mathematical simulation on which Krab et al. based this claim is faulty and that data reported by Costa et al. had already excluded the criticism advanced by Krab et al. Also reported are new data, obtained under conditions in which the arguments of Krab et al. are irrelevant, which confirm that the H+/O ratio for succinate oxidation extrapolated to level flow is close to 8.     

Use of the skin protection assay in experimental syphilis to assess protective immunity against a specific Treponema pallidum surface epitope

We have recently shown that a monoclonal antibody, designated M131, that binds a surface phosphorylcholine epitope on Treponema pallidum possesses complement-dependent killing activity and confers partial protection in rabbits following passive immunization (Blanco et al., 2005, Infect. Immun. 73:3083-3095). In this study, the protective potential of M131 was further tested using the rabbit skin protection assay of Titus and Weiser. Both M131 and infection-derived immune rabbit serum resulted in significant lesion delays corresponding to at least a 90% reduction of the treponemal challenge inoculum. The skin protection assay provides a way to assess the protective potential of specific immunogens while using far less antibody than in passive immunization protocols.     

Phi 29 DNA polymerase active site. Mutants in conserved residues Tyr254 and Tyr390 are affected in dNTP binding.

Phi 29 DNA polymerase shares with other alpha-like DNA polymerases several regions of amino acid similarity. Among them, the two conserved regions characterized by the amino acid motifs "D-NSLYP" and "K--NS(L/V)YG," regions 1 and 2a, respectively, according to Blanco et al. (Blanco, L., Bernad, A., Blasco, M. A. and Salas, M. (1991) Gene (Amst.) 100, 27-38) have been proposed to be part of the polymerization active site of alpha-like DNA polymerases. One phi 29 DNA polymerase mutant in residue Tyr254, located in conserved region 1, and two mutants in residue Tyr390, located in conserved region 2a, have been characterized. The three phi 29 DNA polymerase mutant proteins were affected in polymerization when Mg(2+)-dNTPs were used as substrate. However, when the substrate was Mn(2+)-dNTP, mutants behaved as the wild-type phi 29 DNA polymerase. Mutant Tyr254 to Phe (Y254F) was strongly affected in the protein-primed initiation step of phi 29 DNA replication showing a decreased affinity for Me(2+)-dATP, the initiating nucleotide. Furthermore, the analysis of the template-independent deoxynucleotidylation of the TP by Y254F mutant polymerase is consistent with a change in the relative affinity for dNTPs. On the other hand, mutants Y390F and Y390S were found to be hypersensitive to the dNTP analogs 2-(p-n-butylanilino)dATP and N2-(p-n-butyl-phenyl)dGTP. The results obtained indicate that residues Tyr254 and Tyr390 are involved, directly or indirectly, in Me(2+)-dNTP binding.     

A note on efficient computation of haplotypes via perfect phylogeny.

The problem of inferring haplotype phase from a population of genotypes has received a lot of attention recently. This is partly due to the observation that there are many regions on human genomic DNA where genetic recombination is rare (Helmuth, 2001; Daly et al., 2001; Stephens et al., 2001; Friss et al., 2001). A Haplotype Map project has been announced by NIH to identify and characterize populations in terms of these haplotypes. Recently, Gusfield introduced the perfect phylogeny haplotyping problem, as an algorithmic implication of the no-recombination in long blocks observation, together with the standard population-genetic assumption of infinite sites. Gusfield's solution based on matroid theory was followed by direct theta(nm2) solutions that use simpler techniques (Bafna et al., 2003; Eskin et al., 2003), and also bound the number of solutions to the PPH problem. In this short note, we address two questions that were left open. First, can the algorithms of Bafna et al. (2003) and Eskin et al. (2003) be sped-up to O(nm + m2) time, which would imply an O(nm) time-bound for the PPH problem? Second, if there are multiple solutions, can we find one that is most parsimonious in terms of the number of distinct haplotypes. We give reductions that suggests that the answer to both questions is "no." For the first problem, we show that computing the output of the first step (in either method) is equivalent to Boolean matrix multiplication. Therefore, the best bound we can presently achieve is O(nm(omega-1)), where omega < or = 2.52 is the exponent of matrix multiplication. Thus, any linear time solution to the PPH problem likely requires a different approach. For the second problem of computing a PPH solution that minimizes the number of distinct haplotypes, we show that the problem is NP-hard using a reduction from Vertex Cover (Garey and Johnson, 1979).     

Validation of the detection of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. using specific RNA probes tested in a microarray format: Calibration of signal based on variability of RNA content with environmental conditions

Harmful algal blooms (HAB) occur worldwide and cause health problems and economic damage to fisheries and tourism. Monitoring for toxic algae is therefore essential but is based primarily on light microscopy, which is time consuming and can be limited by insufficient morphological characters such that more time is needed to examine critical features with electron microscopy. Monitoring with molecular tools is done in only a few places world-wide. EU FP7 MIDTAL (Microarray Detection of Toxic Algae) used SSU and LSU rRNA genes as targets on microarrays to identify toxic species. In order to comply with current monitoring requirements to report cell numbers as the relevant threshold measurement to trigger closure of fisheries, it was necessary to calibrate our microarray to convert the hybridisation signal obtained to cell numbers. Calibration curves for two species of Pseudo-nitzschia for use with the MIDTAL microarray are presented to obtain cell numbers following hybridisation. It complements work presented by Barra et al. (2012b. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-1330-1v) for two other Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Dittami and Edvardsen (2012a. J. Phycol. 48, 1050) for Pseudochatonella, Blanco et al. (2013. Harmful Algae 24, 80) for Heterosigma, McCoy et al. (2013. FEMS. doi: 10.1111/1574-6941.12277) for Prymnesium spp., Karlodinium veneficum, and cf. Chatonella spp. and Taylor et al. (2014. Harmful Algae, in press) for Alexandrium.     

HRMAS NMR observation of beta-sheet secondary structure on a water swollen solid support.

In this paper HRMAS NMR was used to investigate whether peptides on a peptidyl resin swollen in aqueous solution can adopt an intramolecular beta-sheet structure. A model peptide YQNPDGSQA, that was previously shown to adopt such a secondary structure in solution, (Blanco et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993) was grafted onto three different solid supports that swell in aqueous solution to examine the influence of the resin on the structure. Both parameters of resin loading and pH inside the swollen peptidyl resin proved to be important for the physicochemical behaviour of the peptide on the support.     

Actin's propensity for dynamic filament patterning

Actin, through its various forms of assembly, provides the basic framework for cell motility, cell shape and intracellular organization in all eukaryotic cells. Many other cellular processes, for example endocytosis and cytokinesis, are also associated with dynamic changes of the actin cytoskeleton. Important prerequisites for actin's functional diversity are its intrinsic ability to rapidly assemble and disassemble filaments and its spatially and temporally well-controlled supramolecular organization. A large number of proteins that interact with actin, collectively referred to as actin-binding proteins (ABPs), carefully orchestrate different scenarios. Since its isolation in 1994 [Machesky, L.M. et al. (1994) J. Cell Biol. 127, 107-115], the Arp2/3 complex containing the actin-related proteins Arp2 and Arp3 has evolved to be one of the main players in the assembly and maintenance of many actin-based structures in the cell (for review see [Borths, E.L. and Welch, M.D. (2002) Structure 10, 131-135; May, R.C. (2001) Cell Mol. Life Sci. 58, 1607-1626; Pollard, T.D. et al. (2000) Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 29, 545-576; Welch, M.D. (1999) Trends Cell Biol. 11, 423-427]). In particular, when it comes to the assembly of the intricate branched actin network at the leading edge of lamellipodia, the Arp2/3 complex seems to have received all the attention in recent years. In parallel, but not so much in the spotlight, several reports showed that actin on its own can assume different conformations [Bubb, M.R. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 20999-21006; Schoenenberger, C.-A. et al. (1999) Microsc. Res. Tech. 47, 38-50; Steinmetz, M.O. et al. (1998) J. Mol. Biol. 278, 793-811; Steinmetz, M.O. et al. (1997) J. Cell Biol. 138, 559-574; Millonig, R., Salvo, H. and Aebi, U. (1988) J. Cell Biol. 106, 785-796] through which it drives its supramolecular patterning, and which ultimately generate its functional diversity.     

Discovery of fungus-mite mutualism in a unique niche

The floral heads (infructescences) of South African Protea L. represent a most unusual niche for fungi of the economically important genus Ophiostoma Syd. and P. Syd. emend. Z.W. de Beer et al. Current consensus holds that most members of Ophiostoma are vectored by tree-infesting bark beetles. However, it has recently been suggested that mites, phoretic on these bark beetles, may play a central role in the dispersal of Ophiostoma. No bark beetles are known from Protea. Therefore, identifying the vectors of Ophiostoma in Protea infructescences would independently evaluate the role of various arthropods in the dispersal of Ophiostoma. Infructescence-colonizing arthropods were tested for the presence of Ophiostoma DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for reproductive propagules by isolation on agar plates. PCR tests revealed that few insects carried Ophiostoma DNA. In contrast, various mites (Proctolaelaps vandenbergi Ryke, two species of Tarsonemus Canestrini and Fonzago, and one Trichouropoda Berlese species) frequently carried Ophiostoma propagules. DNA sequence comparisons for 28S ribosomal DNA confirmed the presence of O. splendens G. J. Marais and M. J. Wingf., O. palmiculminatum Roets et al., and O. phasma Roets et al. on these mites. Two apparently undescribed species of Ophiostoma were also identified. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed specialized structures in Trichouropoda and one Tarsonemus sp. that frequently contained Ophiostoma spores. The Trichouropoda sp. was able to complete its life cycle on a diet consisting solely of its identified phoretic Ophiostoma spp. This study provides compelling evidence that mites are the primary vectors of infructescence-associated Ophiostoma spp. in South Africa.