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滇西苍山地区蝗虫及其生态地理调查研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
苍山是横断山系南端支脉,东经99°57′~100°12′,北纬25°34′~26°。苍山山体呈南北走向,最高海拔4122m,相对高差达2700m。对该区内蝗虫区系及其生态地理调查可为农、林、牧害虫防治提供理论依据,并为进一步揭示横断山区昆虫区系提供参... 相似文献
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介形类Qinghaicypris属征的修订及其模式种环境指示意义探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介形类属Qinghaicypris Huang,1979的外貌酷似同属一科的Ilyocypris,由于建属人未提供足以将两者区别开来的壳内结构特征,有些学者对Qinghaicypris属的独立地位不予认同,只将其视为Ilyocypris内两端较圆的大个体类型。经对青海柴达木盆地七个泉组Qinghaicypris模式种标本壳瓣内部结构进行观察后得知,其附边的缺失及铰合构造中部与前、后端宽度的相近均明显有别于Ilyocypris,是重要的属征。Q.crassa壳壁微量元素的组成是低锶钙比和低镁钙比。另外,该种钙化襞上的缘纹十分发育。依据上述资料,并结合考虑其它有关资料后推测,该种的生存环境应是寒冷水体,水体的盐度较低。Q.crassa是柴达木盆地七个泉组下部的标准化石。按照磁极性测定及沉积速率计算结果,其分布时限被确定为距今2.52Ma至2.34Ma。约2.50百万年前正是北半球气候显著变冷的时期,这表明,V28—179及DSDP552A站深海岩芯同位素记录的冰川规模扩大事件在青藏高原西北部的青海省境内也有反映。 相似文献
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荒漠草原三种蝗虫成虫种内和种间竞争的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
荒漠草原三种蝗虫成虫种内和种间竞争的研究贺达汉方成郑哲民(宁夏农学院农学系,永宁750105)(陕西师范大学动物研究所,西安710062)Intra_andInterspecificCompetitionamongtheAdultsofThreeGr... 相似文献
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白洋淀蝗虫分布调查及其防治 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1998~ 2 0 0 2年对白洋淀蝗区的蝗虫种类、分布、优势种群及蝗区水文、植被、土壤、天敌等进行了调查研究。调查表明 ,白洋淀蝗区有蝗总科昆虫 3 0种 ,隶属 6总科、2 2属 ,分布于白洋淀淀内湖泊蝗区、淀边内涝蝗区和淀外河泛蝗区 ;明确以东亚飞蝗Locustamigratoriamanilensis (Meyen)为主的 5个蝗虫优势种群及生活史 ,并根据不同蝗区类型 ,提出了蝗区治理区划、生态治理技术、应急化学防治等 3项防治技术和“两改一加强”防治手段 相似文献
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本文分析塔额盆地草原蝗虫的生态位,旨在为当地的蝗灾监控、治理及生态平衡保护提供理论依据。本研究对塔额盆地冲积平原、山前洪积倾斜平原、山地3种地形的草原蝗虫的空间生态位进行分析,统计得出了蝗虫优势度、群落组成差异、Levins生态位宽度和Shannon生态位宽度、Pianka生态位重叠等相关参数。结果表明:3种地形共采集蝗虫6科19种1 023头,不同地形优势种、常见种及稀有种均存在差异。山地与山前洪积倾斜平原、冲积平原的蝗虫群落组成差异较大。黑条小车蝗Oedaleus decorus decorus、蓝胫戟纹蝗Dociostaurus tartarus、意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus、红胫戟纹蝗Dociostaurus kraussi kraussi、伪星翅蝗Calliptamus coelesyriensis的生态位较宽且与其他蝗虫存在生态位重叠。塔额盆地草原蝗虫发生种类较多,绝大部分优势种蝗虫对空间资源的利用能力较强、竞争较激烈,对优势危害种加大监测力度,而针对山前洪积倾斜平原中的稀有种类,应加以保护以确保生物多样性。 相似文献
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主要阐述了植物生活史型的基本定义和基本模式。根据植物的生态幅(Ecological amplitude)、适合度(Fitness)和能量分配格局将植物生活史型划分出V生活史型、S生活史型和c生活史型3个基本类型以及VS生活史型、SV生活史型、cS生活史型、Sc生活史型等6个具有混合特征的过渡类型。文中分析了权衡(丁rade—off)植物生活史各阶段的能量需求,使之合理地进行能量分配,进而使植物生活史型获得最佳的繁殖和存活效益以及最大的适合度的重要性,指出韧生代谢和次生代谢增值物生活史型及其生活史型之间相互转换的密切关系。韧生代谢物质主要用于营养生长,次生代谢物质主要用于促进繁育和拮抗环境胁迫。植物生活史型在特定时空中依生境的连续变化而发生相互转换,呈现出具动态特征的植物生活史型诺。提出了植物生活史型的形成机制,即生境中的资源状况和干扰程度构成了环境筛的径度,进而形成选择压力,以使植物按需分配能量,合成初级代谢产物或次级代谢产物来应对选择压力,形成自身的生态幅和适应对策,最终与生境相互作用过程中表现出的适合度来表征相应的生活史型。还提出了植物生活史型之间相互转化的机制,即每一种植物生活史型均有与该生活史型相对应的生境类型、选择压力、代谢物质和生活史对策,由于时空的连续变化,生境类型也发生过渡性变化,形成过渡类型(ED、DE、DF、FD),因而导致选择压力、代谢物质、生活史对策也发生过渡性变化,形成过渡类型LM、ML、MH、HM、KR、RK、RT、TR、BP、PB、PA、AP,最终通过VS、SV、SC、CS等过渡类型的形成而实现植物生活史型之间的相互转换。文中以高山红景天(Rhodiola sachalinensis)等5种植物生活史型谱为例,分析了各植物生活史型谱的动态特征并指出:V生活史型的植物因营养体较为发达、寿命较长,且能通过正常的有性生殖繁衍后代,通常都能产生稳定种群;以S生活史型为主的植物,因台子中含有来自双亲的两套基因,故有性生殖过程能产生较多遗传性不同的后代,使种群的适应环境变化的能力加强,因而容易形成爆发种群;以c生活史型为主的植物,其遗传物质与母体完全相同,故种群适应环境变化的能力较弱,因而容易导致种群濒危。 相似文献
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植物生长型和生活型是理解植物响应和适应环境变化的重要形态性状, 对研究植物与环境和生态系统功能的关系, 理解植物地理分布格局和生物多样性形成与维持机制具有重要意义。《中国植物志》和Flora of China中有关植物生长型和生活型的描述存在分类标准不统一, 部分信息缺失、错误或模糊不清等问题。本文基于全国和地方植物志书及野外调查的植物性状信息, 订正了中英文版维管植物的生长型和生活型性状, 建立了中国维管植物生长型和生活型数据集。该数据集包含35,329种维管植物, 内容包括植物名称、生长型和生活型性状及其数据来源, 其中植物名称包括来自《中国植物志》、Flora of China和来自《中国生物物种名录(2023版)》的两个分类系统版本, 以便读者相互对照不同分类系统的差异。依据茎木质化程度分为木本植物和草本植物两类, 木本植物有12,600种, 占35.7%; 草本植物为22,729种, 占64.3%。木本植物以中灌木生长型(2,917种, 占23.2%)和常绿生活型(7,107种, 占56.4%)为主, 草本植物以杂类草生长型(19,900种, 占87.6%)和多年生生活型(19,554种, 占86.0%)为主。木本生长型中乔木物种以樟科和壳斗科占比较大, 灌木物种以杜鹃花科、蔷薇科和豆科占比较大; 常绿生活型以杜鹃花科占比较大, 落叶生活型以蔷薇科占比较大。草本生长型中杂类草以菊科占比较大, 禾草以禾本科占比较大; 生活型中一年生、二年生和多年生分别以禾本科、紫草科和菊科占优势。本数据集涵盖了目前中国所有维管植物物种的生长型和生活型信息, 可为植物性状研究提供数据基础。 相似文献
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新疆北部森林生态系统地衣植物生活型分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Life forms of lichen of forest ecosystem in Northern Xinjiang were researched in the Kanas National Natural Reservation Area.They have been grouped into 6 types:Epipetria,Soil-epipetria,Epiphytia arboricosa,Epiphytia moss,Epiphytis grass and Dry-radicantia,in which the species of Epiphytia arboricosa account for 36.89% of the total species in this area,the species of Epipetria for 22.33% and Epiphytia grass the least.The results show that life forms of lichem at the srea in Northem Xinjiang are relatively rich,which indicates the biodiversity characteristics of lichen. 相似文献
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MICHAL RONEL SIMCHA LEV‐YADUN 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2012,168(3):344-352
To examine whether spininess evolved at random or differently in various life forms and plant organs, we characterized spiny, thorny and prickly organs in the entire wild flora of Israel (294 such species). Of the species, 63.3% defended their reproductive organs (the most‐defended organ) and 67.0% defended various non‐reproductive organs. Ninety‐three species defended both their reproductive organs and at least one other part; 48.3% defended their leaves and 36.4% their stems and branches. Spiny wings defended stems and branches only in herbaceous (annual or perennial) species. There were clear differences between the life forms. Annuals and perennial herbs defended mostly their reproductive organs (95.7 and 83.0%, respectively), dwarf shrubs defended mostly their leaves (54.2%) and shrubs and trees mostly their branches (89.7 and 76.2%, respectively). Trees do not defend their reproductive organs by associated sharp appendages. The differences in defence on various organs among different life forms may influence the results of meta‐analysis studies of the optimal defence allocation if such differences are not taken into account. We noted spine, thorn and prickle colours for 167 species with yellow, red, orange and white being the dominant, supporting hypotheses about spines being visually aposematic. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 168 , 344–352. 相似文献
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喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山地区植物生活型组成以地面芽植物为主,约占45.1%。其次是隐芽植物(包括地下芽植物、水生植物和沼生植物),约占19.6%。一年生植物、地上芽植物、高位芽植物分别占15.8%、10.5%、9.1%。然而,不同地段的植物生活型谱存在着明显的差异。昆仑北翼山地的3个地段(Ⅰ2、Ⅰ3和Ⅰ4)俯瞰着极端干旱的塔里木盆地,又有海拔3000m以下的山地荒漠带和山地荒漠草原带,其生活型谱比较相似,表现在一年生植物所占比例均在15%以上,高于其余5个地段的约10%;这3个地段地面芽植物的比例约为40%,低于其余5个地段的约52%。植物生活型谱随海拔高度的变化规律是,高位芽植物、一年生植物和隐芽植物在生活型谱中所占比例随海拔升高而下降,地面芽植物和地上芽植物所占比例随海拔升高而增加。这个结果说明一年生植物比较适应荒漠气候条件下降水量少、年变率大的特点,而不适应高寒地区低温、生长季短的气候特点。与此相反,地面芽植物和垫状、匍匐状地上芽植物比较适应寒冷地区气温低、生长季短的气候特点,能更好地利用地表和近地面层温度较高的条件 相似文献
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The plant life cycle form and its spectrum features of different plants in the artificial community of Pinus svlvestris var. mongolica at the botanical garden of Northeast Forestry University were classified by PCA method. For canopy layer plants, the vegetative growth (V) accounted for 46%, the sexual growth (S) accounted for 35%, and the clonal growth (C) accounted for the rest 19%. For succession layer plants, V accounted for more than 50%, and C accounted for a little higher than S did. For herbaceous layer plants, V accounted for nearly 47%, which was only 4% higher than that of S, and C only accounted for 11%. These findings indicate that the plant life cycle forms of canopy layer plants and herbaceous layer plants were VS transition form with V form as the main form, while the succession layer plants were V form. At the viewpoint of artificial community, the life cycle form can be described as V0.49S0.33C0.18, a typical VS transition form, indicating that most of the species studied in this community are in a healthy status with the V form. Moreover, the relatively high (33%) percentage in the S form indicates that the community also tends to sexual growth for offspring, although it will be steady within a period of time for the vegetative growth of bodies. 相似文献
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The plant life cycle form and its spectrum features of different plants in the artificial community of Pinus svlvestris var. mongolica at the botanical garden of Northeast Forestry University were classified by PCA method. For canopy layer plants, the vegetative growth (V) accounted for 46%, the sexual growth (S) accounted for 35%, and the clonal growth (C) accounted for the rest 19%. For succession layer plants, V accounted for more than 50%, and C accounted for a little higher than S did. For herbaceous layer plants, V accounted for nearly 47%, which was only 4% higher than that of S, and C only accounted for 11%. These findings indicate that the plant life cycle forms of canopy layer plants and herbaceous layer plants were VS transition form with V form as the main form, while the succession layer plants were V form. At the viewpoint of artificial community, the life cycle form can be described as V0.49S0.33C0.18, a typical VS transition form, indicating that most of the species studied in this community are in a healthy status with the V form. Moreover, the relatively high (33%) percentage in the S form indicates that the community also tends to sexual growth for offspring, although it will be steady within a period of time for the vegetative growth of bodies. 相似文献
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以东北林业大学植物园内的樟子松人工群落为研究对象,应用主成分分析方法在对群落内不同种的生活史型进行划分的基础上,对松科樟子松和白扦、槭树科糖槭、豆科紫穗槐、木犀科暴马丁香、蔷薇科毛果绣线菊和托盘、红豆杉科东北红豆杉、菊科飞廉和线叶旋覆花、禾本科扁穗草、罂粟科白屈菜、唇形科夏至草、十字花科荠菜14种植物生活史型及谱特征进行了定量化分析,以此为依据对群落演替和健康水平进行评价的可行性进行了探讨。结果发现此群落中主林层植物(樟子松和白扦)营养生长(Vegetationgrowth,V)达到46%,有性生长(Sexualgrowth,S)在35%,无性生长(Clonegrowth,C)约为19%;演替层植物(糖槭、紫穗槐、暴马丁香、毛果绣线菊、托盘和东北红豆杉)营养生长超过50%,无性生长略高于有性生长;草本层植物(飞廉、扁穗草、线叶旋覆花、白屈菜、夏至草和荠菜)营养生长接近于47%,有性生长只比营养生长少了4%,无性生长只占到11%。这些发现说明了主林层的生活史型是以营养生长为主的VS过渡生活史型,演替层植物应为V生活史型而草本植物为VS过渡类型。群落的生活史型是V0.49S0.33C0.18,属于VS过渡生活史型,在样地调查的14种植物中,生活史型大部分以营养为主,综合评价此群落处于以营养生长为主(49%)的健康群落水平,此群落中有性生长占总生活史型得分的33%,有向有性生长发展的趋势,但在一段时间内该群落应为稳定群落。 相似文献
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M. Lee Nelson Thomas E. McMahon Russell F. Thurow 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2002,64(1-3):321-332
Large-bodied, migratory life history forms of bull charr, Salvelinus confluentus, were historically abundant in northwestern North America, but many remaining populations of this now-threatened species presently persist as small-bodied residents isolated in headwater streams. We examined whether the migratory form has been lost from headwater populations of bull charr and their potential for re-establishment. Upstream and downstream movement of bull charr and other salmonids from three tributary populations in the Bitterroot River drainage, Montana, was measured with weirs over a 17-month period. The migratory life history was rare or absent in two tributaries but still present at a low level in a third. In contrast, substantial numbers (n = 1745) of juvenile and adults of other salmonids (brown trout, Salmo trutta, cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki, and mountain whitefish, Prosopium williamsoni) were captured near tributary mouths, indicating a migratory life history was common in other species. Apparent decline of the migratory life history in bull charr was not directly related to damming suggesting other downstream mortality factors (predation, temperature) also are involved. Isolated, nonmigratory forms have increased risk of extinction, and restoration of the population connectivity via the re-establishment of migratory stocks is an important conservation goal for bull charr recovery. However, the factors governing migratory tendency remain unclear. 相似文献

