Problematic cap-shaped fossils from the Lower Cambrian of North-East Greenland

Three species ofOcruranus Liu, 1979 are described from the Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland, of late Early Cambrian (middle Dyeran of North American usage) age, representing the youngest record of a genus originally described from the earliest Cambrian Meishucunian Stage of China. An accompanying species, tentatively assigned toXianfengella He &Yang, 1982, seems also to be present in South Australia in strata of late Early Cambrian (Botoman of Siberian usage) age, although also this genus was described originally from the Meishucunian.Ocruranus andXianfengella from China have been interpreted as possibly parts of coeloscleritophoran scleritomes, perhaps halkieriids, rather than individual molluscan shells. Their shell form is not typical of helcionelloids which otherwise dominate the Early Cambrian molluscan record, but conclusive evidence of affinity is not forthcoming from the Greenland records. New taxa:Ocruranus septentrionalis n. sp. andOcruranus tunuensis n. sp.      

Phyllopsora leprosa,eine neue Flechten-Species aus Surinam

Zusammenfassung Phyllopsora leprosa H.Riedl, sp. n., unterscheidet sich von allen anderen bisher bekannten Arten der Gattung durch den staubig-sorediös aufgelösten vegetativen Flechtenthallus und extrem kleine Apothezien, Asci und Sporen.

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Phyllopsora leprosa, a new lichen species from surinam

Summary Phyllopsora leprosa H.Riedl, sp. n., is distinct from all the other species of the genus hitherto known by its powdery vegetative lichen-thallus, and extremely small apothecia, asci and spores.

     

Lower Cambrian (Atdabanian/Botomian) Shallow-Marine carbonates of the Görlitz Synclinorium (Saxony/Germany)

Summary Geological, papaeontological and microfacies studies in the Lower Cambrian carbonate complex of the G?rlitz Synclinorium (eastern Germany/Saxony/Lusatian region) provide new data for the fossil content, depositional history and palaeogeography. The Lower Cambrian of the G?rlitz Synclinorium belongs to the facies zones 5, 7 and 8 ofWilson (1975)-platform rim with connections to the open ocean and to the restricted platform areas. An extraordinarily rich fauna was found with elements which are in some cases new for Europe (Rhombocorniculum cancellatum Cobbold,Fordilla sibirica Krasilova, Calodiscus lobatus Hall,Archaeooides granulatus Qian,Archiasterella pentactina Sdzuy,Allonia sp.,Obliquatheca aldanica Sysoiev,Conotheca circumflexa Missarzhevsky,Microcornus elongatus Missarzhevsky,Lenalituus sp.,Pelagiella cf.lorenzi Kobayashi,Beshtashella sp.,Comluella sp.,Cambroclavithidae gen. et sp. indet., Helcionellidae gen. et sp., indet. Eocrinoidea gen. et sp. indet.) This fauna indicates Lower Cambrian (higher Atdabanian/Botomian) age and reveals palaeobiogeographical connections to the Siberian Platform, to the Mediterranean area and to China. A somewhat new stratigraphical subdivision of the Lower Cambrian sequence (Zwetau Formation) is described. New units are established within the Ludwigsdorf Member (the carbonatic lower part of the sequence), the ‘Lower Ludwigsdorf Member’ (massive dolostone) and the ‘Upper Ludwigsdorf Member’ (bedeed limestones and their equivalents). The subsequentLusatiops Member is subdivided intoSerrodiscus Bed (claystones) andLusatiops Bed (siltstones).     

Mobergellans (Problematica) from the Cambrian of Greenland, Siberia and Kazakhstan

Mobergellans are disc-shaped problematic fossils of phosphatic composition bearing prominent muscle attachment structures on the presumed internal surface. They are found exclusively in sediments of Early Cambrian age, mainly from Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia. Type material ofDiscinella brastadi Poulsen, 1932 from North-East Greenland is re-studied and synonomised withDiscinella micans (Billings, 1871). Specimens from Siberia described asD. brastadi are re-assigned toMobergella hexactina n. sp., and specimens from Siberia described asMobergella radiolata Bengtson, 1968 are re-assigned toM. sibirica n. sp.Aktugaia triangula Mis-Sarzhevsky, 1976 from Kazakhstan is redescribed, and its relationship to other mobergellans is discussed.      

Zoosporic marine fungi from the Pacific Northwest (U.S.A.)

Summary An investigation of the zoosporic fungi in the vicinity of the Friday Harbor Laboratory, San Juan Is., Washington, revealed the presence of great numbers of fungi. With one exception (Olpidium sp.) these were all biflagellate organisms. Predominating were species (11) of Thraustochytriaceae which abounded in water, in association with seaweeds, intertidal sands, and particularly on the surface of bottom samples down to depths of 298 m. A twelfth species of this group has several peculiarities and needs further investigation. Of the algal parasites, one on Polysiphonia and Pterosiphonia is considered new and termed Eurychasma joycei n. sp.The assistance of Drs. R. E. Norris and G. J. Hollenberg in calling my attention to certain algal parasites is gratefully acknowledged. I am also indebted to my colleague Dr. H. C. Whisler, and to Dr. C. Anastasiou for assistance in photographic work.     

The species ofEretmocerus Haldeman, 1850 [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae] from India

An account of the Indian species of the genusEretmocerus Haldeman is given. Three new species (E. indicus sp. n.,E. mashhoodi sp. n.,E. gunturiensis sp. n.) are described. Three species (E. haldemani Howard,E. mundus Mercet,E. corni Haldeman) are reported for the first time from India. A revised key to the known species of the genus is also given.

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Résumé Une révision des espèces indiennes du genreEretmocerus Haldeman est donnée. Trois nouvelles espèces (E. indicus, E. mashhoodi, E. gunturiensis) sont décrites, trois autres espèces (E. haldemani Howard,E. mundus Mercet,E. corni Haldeman) sont signalées pour la première fois de l’Inde. Une clé révisée des espèces connues de ce genre est proposée.

     

A new scolenaspidid (Osteostraci, Vertebrata) from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Anew osteostracan genus and species,Victoraspis longicornualis n. gen., n. sp., is described based on material from Rakovets’, present day Ukraine. This new taxon shares characters with the two generaStensiopelta Denison, 1951 andZychaspis Janvier, 1985. A phylogenetic analysis supports the position ofVictoraspis as the sister group to a monophyleticStensiopelta, while the interrelationships of the various species ofZychaspis are poorly resolved. A morphometric analysis is carried out in an attempt to further resolve the taxonomic affinity. This analysis groups all examinedZychaspis species closely together, and further supports the establishment ofVictoraspis as separate genus.      

Hystrignathus ferox n.sp. and Xyo xiphacanthus n.sp. (Oxyurida: Hystrignathidae) with additional data on Carlosia tijucana Travassos & Kloss, 1957

Summary Two new species of hystrignathid nematode are described from passalid beetles in Trinidad, West Indies. Hystrignathus ferox n.sp., from the mid-gut caeca of Verres furcilabris (Esch.) is easily differentiated from H. rugosus Travassos & Kloss, 1958 and H. rescens Travassos & Kloss, 1958 on the character of the lateral alae. In H. rugosus the alae extend to the anus and in H. rescens to the vulva whereas in H. ferox n.sp. the alae are much shorter and terminate about two body-widths anterior to the vulva. Xyo xiphacanthus n.sp., from the mid-gut caeca of Veturius transversus var. trituberculatus (Esch.), is characterized by the cervical spines extending about an oesophagus length posterior to the basal bulb. No other nominal species of Xyo has the spines extending so far posteriorly. X. histrix Cobb, 1898 and X. histrix sensu Christie, 1934 are regarded as species inquirendae. Carlosia tijucana Travassos & Kloss, 1957 is illustrated and additional data provided. ac]19810415     

Beiträge zur Kenntnis der europäischen Raupenfliegen (Dipt. Tachinidae)

Summary In this revision of the European species of the genusMyxexoristops t. t. (parasites of sawflies) six species, including a new one (abietis n. sp., parasite ofCephalcia), are described by their distinguishing characters. Separate keys for the determination of males and females are given. For five species, hosts are recorded on the basis of bred material examined by the author himself.Zenillia nox hall, described from Japan is identical to the European speciesM. stolida stein (nov. syn.).      

Taxonomy, host specificity and dietary implications of Hurleytrematoides (Digenea: Monorchiidae) from chaetodontid fishes on the Great Barrier Reef

Five new and five previously described species of Hurleytrematoides are reported from 19 of 34 chaetodontid species examined from the Great Barrier Reef; new species are H. faliexae n. sp., H. galzini n. sp., H. loi n. sp., H. morandi n. sp., and H. sasali n. sp. Previously described species are H. coronatum, H. fijiensis, H. prevoti, H. bartolii, and H. zebrasomae. The genus is rediagnosed in the light of morphological variation of the new species; the degree of spination and shape of the terminal genitalia distinguish individual species. Species of Hurleytrematoides infect almost every clade of the family Chaetodontidae found on the Great Barrier Reef, but obligate corallivores are not infected. All ten species were found at Heron Island on the southern Great Barrier Reef, but only six at Lizard Island on the northern Great Barrier Reef. For three of the four species not present at Lizard Island, the absence appears to be statistically significant. Although all species are apparently restricted to chaetodontids on the GBR, specificity within the family varies from oioxenous to euryxenous; a core/satellite host paradigm explains the distribution of several species.     

The species ofCoccophagus Westwood, 1833 [Hym., Aphelinidae] from India

An account of the Indian species of the Aphelinid genusCoccophagus,Westwood, collected by the author, is given. Three new species (C. gilvus sp. n.C. longicornis sp. n., andC. burksi sp. n.) are described, and three species [C. cowperi Girault,C. bogoriensis (Koningsberger) andC. Bivittatus Compere] are reported for the first time from India. A key to the Indian and some allied species is given.

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Résumé Trois nouvelles espèces (C. gilvus, C. longicornis etC. burksi) sont décrites et trois espèces (C. cowperi Girault,C. bogoriensis (Koningsberger) etC. bivitatus Compere) sont signalées pour la première fois de l'Inde. Une clé dichotomique des espèces de l'Inde et de certaines espèces voisines est donnée.

     

Trioxys similis n. sp. (Hym. Braconidae,Aphidiinae), eine neue Blattlaus-Schlupfwespe aus Frankreich

Summary In the present paper the author describes the new speciesTrioxys (Trioxys) similis n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae), which has been reared in France from the peach aphid, presumablyMyzus persicae (Sulzer 1776). Considering the fact that this aphid is a world wide distributed pest causing heavy damages by transmission of numerous plant viruses, attention is drawn to use this braconid parasite as a limiting factor in biological control.Trioxys similis n. sp. belongs to the group of species “Trioxys angelicae (Hal. 1833) s. l.”, the biology and taxonomy of which is briefly discussed. The existence of various strains of one parasite species, differing only in their host range or host preference is a major problem both of applied entomology and of insect taxonomy. It is suggested to name these morphologically indistinguishable forms according to terms used in microbiological nomenclature. Finally, the following names have been changed as being homonyms, and new names are proposed instead of them:Aphidius constrictus Benoit 1955=Aphidius benoiti n. n., †Trioxys obscuriformis Quilis 1940=†Trioxys fossilis n. n.

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Beitrag zur Kenntnis der palaearktischenAphidiinae.     

Novos Deuteromycetes da micogeografia intercontinental

Summary This paper deals with some interesting new fungi which are described as a contribution for the development of the Mycogeography.Arbuscula Batista &Peres n. gen. is studied as a member of the family Stilbaceae havingA. eugeniae Batista &Peres n. sp. on leaves ofEugenia jambolana Lam. from Lucknow, India, as the type species. Another new genus isEllisia Batista &Peres, typified byE. ingae Batista &Peres n. sp. on leaves ofInga fagifolia (L.)Willd. from Manaus. Amazonas, Brazil. Two new binomia are:Eriomycopsis paraensis Batista &Peres n. sp. on leaves ofBertholletia excelsa H.B.K. from Belem, State of Pará, Brazil,Sporidesmium americanense Batista &Peres n. sp. on leaves ofQuercus wislizenii A.D.C., from U.S.A. andSporidesmium cookei (Hughes)W. B. Ellis, on leaves of Lauraceae, from Manaus.

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Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit bringt einige interessante neue Pilze, welche als Beitrag zur Entwicklung der Mycogeographie beschrieben werden.Arbuscula Batista &Peres n. gen. wurde studiert als ein Mitglied der Familie Stilbaceae, dessen TypusA. eugeniae Batista &Peres n. sp. sich auf Blättern vonEugenia jambolana Lam. aus Lucknow, Indien, befand. Eine andere neue Gattung istEllisia Batista &Peres, typiziert durchE. ingae Batista &Peres n. sp. auf Blättern vonInga fagifolia (L.)Willd. aus Manaus, Amazonas, Brasilien. Zwei neue Binome sind:Eriomycopsis paraensis Batista &Peres n. sp. auf Blättern vonBertholletia excelsa H.B.K. aus Belém, Staat Pará, Brasilien,Sporidesmium americanense Batista &Peres n. sp. auf Blättern vonQuercus wislizenii A.D.C. aus U.S.A. undSporidesmium cookei (Hughes)W. B. Ellis, auf Blättern von Lauraceae, aus Manaus, Amazonas.

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Dedicado à Mrmória do Prof.Raffaele Ciferri     

Cynoglossopsis somaliensis,sp. nov., und die GattungCynoglossopsis (Boraginaceae)

Cynoglossopsis somaliensis H. Riedl, sp. nov., is described as a new species of the hitherto monotypic genusCynoglossopsis Brand which is closest related toCynoglossum L. but has to be included inBoraginoideae-Eritrichieae from the way the nutlets are attached to the gynobasis.

     

A phylogeny of Pacific fiddler crabs of the subgenus Minuca (Crustacea,Brachyura, Ocypodidae: Uca) with the description of a new species from a tropical gulf in Pacific Costa Rica

The phylogeny of all Pacific fiddler crab representatives of the subgenus Minuca Bott, 1954 (sensu Beinlich and von Hagen, 2006) is reconstructed. For the molecular analysis, Cox1 mitochondrial and 28S ribosomal nuclear DNA sequences were used. According to these data, same transisthmian sister species relationships are confirmed and a new species of the genus Uca Leach, 1814, Uca osa sp. n., is described from Golfo Dulce, a tropical gulf in Pacific Costa Rica. Morphological as well as molecular data confirm distinctness of this species compared with all other members of the subgenus Minuca, to which it belongs. Distinctive morphological traits are presented to distinguish Uca osa sp. n. from its congeners in the Eastern Pacific.     

Sclerorhachis rechingeri (Asteraceae-Anthemideae), a new species from N. Khorasan

Sclerorhachis rechingeri Iranshahr, sp. n., from N. Khorasan is closely related to the Afghanistan speciesS. caulescens (Aitch. & Hemsl.)Rech. f. andS. polysphaera Rech. f. It differs from both in the thicker and woolly collar and the much larger capitulum.Vorarbeiten zuK. H. Rechinger, Flora Iranica, Nr. 21.     

Humesiella corallicola n.g., n.sp., a cyclopoid copepod associated with coral on the South East Coast of India

Humesiella corallicola n.g., n.sp., a lichomolgid copepod associated with the hard coral Hypnophora sp. is described from the South East Coast of India. Genus Humesiella nov. is close to Lichomolgus Thorell, Nasomolgus Sewell, Lichomolgides Gotto and Epimolgus Bocquet & Stock, in possessing a two-segmented fourth endopod with 2 terminal spines. However, it differs from all the known lichomolgid genera in having a massive appendage-like posterior basal lobe on the second maxilla.     

Two newVeronica species (Scrophulariaceae) of Turkey and Iraq

Veronica davisii M. A.Fischer, sp. n., limited to the mountains of Kurdistan (S. E. Turkey and N. Iraq), is related to the Turkish-CaucasianV. gentianoides Vahl.—V. montbretii M. A.Fischer, sp. n., a local endemic of Erzincan prov. (E. Anatolia), shows affinities to the CaucasianV. liwanensis C. Koch and to the Turkish endemicV. oltensis Woron. & Schelk. from Erzurum province.     

A new species ofPseudaphycus [Hym.: Encyrtidae], with notes on theAngelicus group

The genusPseudaphycus Clausen and related genera are considered to belong in the subfamilyTetracneminae. P. debachi, n. sp., a parasite of the striped mealybugFerrisia virgata (Cockerell) from Mexico, is described and compared morphologically to several closely-related members of theangelicus group of species.

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Résumé Le genrePseudaphycus Clausen et les genres voisins sont considérés appartenir à la sous-famille desTetracneminae. L'espèceP. debachi, n. sp., parasite de la cochenilleFerrisia virgata (Cockerell) du Mexique, est décrite et comparée morphologiquement à plusieurs membres très voisins du groupe d'espècesangelicus.