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1.
天然产物防除海洋污损生物的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
天然防污剂是当前海洋污损生物防除的研究热点,本文综述了天然防污剂的种类和来源,以及天然防污剂的防除机理,并着重叙述了天然防污涂料配制时应关注的问题。 相似文献
2.
Hirak R. Dash 《Bioremediation Journal》2014,18(3):204-212
ABSTRACT The marine environment is the most dynamic and most variable among the natural environments present on the globe due to its continuously changing patterns of salinity, sea surface temperature, pH, and pressure. Thus, bacteria inhabiting this environment possess the inbuilt mechanisms of adaptation necessary in such fluctuating environmental conditions, and the harboring of heavy metal–resistant genes adds to their efficiency with regard to metal remediation compared with their terrestrial counterparts. Two highly mercury-resistant isolates, one from the marine environment and another from steel industry waste, were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis PW-05 and Bacillus sp. SD-43, respectively, by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. When various characters of these two isolates, e.g., biochemical, morphological, antibiotic resistance, and tolerance to other heavy metals, were analyzed, they were found to share common features. However, the marine Bacillus isolate (PW-05) was found to be more capable than its terrestrial counterpart in terms of mercury volatilization capability, i.e., 94.72% in the case of PW-05 and 60.06% in the case of SD-43. Hence, marine bacteria can be used more efficiently than their terrestrial counterparts for enhanced bioremediation of mercury in contaminated envi-ronments. 相似文献
3.
海洋固氮生物多样性及其对海洋生产力的氮、碳贡献 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
固氮生物及其共生体在自然生态系统的氮素供给和生产力的持续发展中有重要作用。是贫营养盐海域和海洋生态系统中新生产力的主要贡献者。就海洋固氮生物研究的历史和现状,以及在世界不同海域和海洋生态环境条件下,海洋固氮生物的物种多样性和在海洋生态环境中的生存方式、共生互作关系多样化,作较全面的概述。综合分析了海洋固氮生物的固氮能力(活性)、在光合固碳中的作用和对初级生产力的贡献。介绍了固氮生物在海洋生物链和海洋不同生态系统和生物群落中的作用及其对环境的影响的最新研究概况。 相似文献
4.
Masahiro Matsuda Shiro Shigeta Koichi Okutani 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》1999,1(1):68-73
A marine Pseudomonas species WAK-1 strain simultaneously produces extracellular glycosaminoglycan and sulfated polysaccharide. Among the antiviral
activities tested for these polysaccharides, the latter showed anti-HSV-1 activity in RPMI 8226 cells (50% effective concentration
is 1.4 μg/ml). Oversulfated derivatives of these polysaccharides prepared by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-mediated reaction for
both polysaccharides showed antiviral activities against influenza virus type A (for glycosaminoglycan, 50% effective concentration
is 11.0 μg/ml; for another, 2.9 μg/ml). Glycosaminoglycan, sulfated polysaccharide, and their chemically synthesized oversulfated
derivatives did not show antiviral activities against influenza virus type B and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. No cytotoxicity
of these products was noted against host cells at the 50% cytotoxic concentration of 100 μg/ml, except that naturally occurring
sulfated polysaccharide had 50% cytotoxicity against MT-4 cells at 8–21 μg/ml.
Received May 1, 1998; accepted July 24, 1998. 相似文献
5.
J. Enya M. Koitabashi H. Shinohara S. Yoshida T. Tsukiboshi H. Negishi K. Suyama S. Tsushima 《Journal of Phytopathology》2007,155(7-8):446-453
6.
Ahmad Shamsuddin Ahmad Masahiro Matsuda Shiro Shigeta Koichi Okutani 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》1999,1(1):102-106
Sulfated derivatives of a glycosaminoglycan containing l-glutamic acid produced by a marine Pseudomonas species, No. 42 strain, were prepared by the method of dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide-mediated reaction. Both low and high degrees
of sulfation of the polysaccharides (products A1 and A2, respectively) were investigated for their antiviral activities against
influenza virus type A (FluV-A) and B (FluV-B) in MDCK cells. Both preparations showed antiviral activity against FluV-A at
the 50% antiviral effective concentration of 17.3 and 5.2 μg/ml, respectively, whereas they had no antiviral activity against
FluV-B. No cytotoxicity of either product was noted against MDCK cells at the 50% cytotoxic concentration of 100 μg/ml.
Received April 4, 1998; accepted July 24, 1998. 相似文献
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Marine organisms produce a wide array of fascinating terpenoid structures distinguished by characteristic structural features. Certain structural classes, e.g. cembrane, chamigrene, amphilectane skeletons, and unusual functional groups such as isonitrile, isothiocyanate, isocyanate, dichloroimine and halogenated functionalities occur predominantly in marine metabolites. Especially striking is the frequent occurrence of sesterterpenes in marine organisms, and sponges must be considered as one of the prime sources of these C25 terpenoid compounds. In most cases however, these structural features are not strictly unique for marine natural products. The prominent biological activity of marine terpenes is evident in their ecological role in the marine environment, and makes them interesting as potential drugs. Several terpenoid compounds, e.g. eleutherobin, sarcodictyin, contignasterol derivatives, are in preclinical or clinical development. Despite the many structures known and their ecological and pharmacological importance, only a few biosynthetic studies on marine terpenoid compounds have been performed. 相似文献
9.
Diers JA Bowling JJ Duke SO Wahyuono S Kelly M Hamann MT 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2006,8(4):366-372
Several aaptamine derivatives were selected as potential zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) antifoulants because of the noteworthy
absence of fouling observed on Aaptos sponges. Sponges of the genus Aaptos collected in Manado, Indonesia consistently produce
aaptamine-type alkaloids. To date, aaptamine and its derivatives have not been carefully evaluated for their antifoulant properties.
Structure–activity relationship studies were conducted using several aaptamine derivatives in a zebra mussel antifouling assay.
From these data, three analogs have shown significant antifouling activity against zebra mussel attachment. Aaptamine, isoaaptamine,
and the demethylated aaptamine compounds used in the zebra mussel assay produced EC50 values of 24.2, 11.6, and 18.6 μM, respectively. In addition, neither aaptamine nor isoaaptamine produced a phytotoxic response
(as high as 300 μM) toward a nontarget organism, Lemna pausicostata, in a 7-day exposure. The use of these aaptamine derivatives
from Aaptos sp. as potential environmentally benign antifouling alternatives to metal-based paints and preservatives is significant,
not only as a possible control of fouling organisms, but also to highlight the ecological importance of these and similar
biochemical defenses. 相似文献
10.
《化学与生物多样性》2018,15(1)
Three azulenoid sesquiterpenes ( 1 – 3 ) were isolated from the Antarctic gorgonian Acanthogorgia laxa collected by bottom trawls at −343 m. Besides linderazulene ( 1 ), and the known ketolactone 2 , a new brominated C16 linderazulene derivative ( 3 ) was also identified. This compound has an extra carbon atom at C(7) of the linderazulene framework. The antifouling activity of compounds 1 and 2 was assayed in the laboratory with Artemia salina larvae, and also in field tests, by incorporation in soluble‐matrix experimental antifouling paints. The results obtained after a 45 days field trial of the paints, showed that compounds 1 and 2 displayed good antifouling potencies against a wide array of organisms. Compound 3 , a benzylic bromide, was unstable and for this reason was not submitted to bioassays. Two known cembranolides: pukalide and epoxypukalide, were also identified as minor components of the extract. 相似文献
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12.
影响枯草芽胞杆菌和荧光假单胞菌原生质体再生的因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:为了提高再生率,对影响革兰阳性菌枯草芽胞杆菌KR株和革兰阴性菌荧光假单胞菌B13株原生质体再生的因素进行研究。方法:研究了酶解时间,再生方式,再生培养基中稳定剂的种类,Ca^2+、Mg^2+、琥珀酸钠、L-色氨酸的浓度及培养基的放置时间对KR和B13株原生质体再生的影响。结果:对KR株酶解20min,采用夹层培养,再生培养基中加入0.6mol/L蔗糖、0.03mol/L Ca^2+、0.02mol/L Mg^2+、0.3mol/L琥珀酸钠、0.2mol/L L-色氨酸,培养基在37℃放置72h,原生质体再生率可达42.7%;对B13酶解15min,采用夹层培养,培养基中加入0.6mol/L NaCl、0.02mol/L Ca^2+、0.01mol/L Mg^2+、0.3mol/L琥珀酸钠、0.1mol/L L-色氨酸,培养基在37℃放置48h,原生质体再生率可达15.3%。结论:影响革兰阳性菌枯草芽胞杆菌KR株和革兰阴性菌荧光假单胞菌B13株原生质体再生的因素是不同的。 相似文献
13.
Mechanisms of biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activity in soil bacterial species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas: a review 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gustavo Santoyo Ma. del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda M. Govindappa 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2012,22(8):855-872
Plant pathogens are responsible for many crop plant diseases, resulting in economic losses. The use of bacterial agents is an excellent option to fight against plant pathogens and an excellent alternative to the use of chemicals, which are offensive to the environment and to human health. Two of the most common biocontrol agents are members of the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera. Both bacterial genera have important traits such as plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties. This review analyzes pioneering and recent works and the mechanisms used by Bacillus and Pseudomonas in their behaviour as biocontrol and PGP agents, discussing their mode of action by comparing the two genera. Undoubtedly, future integrated research strategies for biocontrol and PGP will require the help of known and novel species of both genera. 相似文献
14.
S.J. Altman L.K. McGrath C.A. Souza J.K. Murton A.K. Camper 《Journal of applied microbiology》2009,107(1):287-299
Aims: The hypothesis that surrogate planktonic pathogens ( Bacillus cereus and polystyrene microspheres) could be integrated in biofilms and protected from decontamination was tested.
Methods and Results: Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms were grown on polyvinyl chloride coupons in annular reactors under low nutrient conditions. After biofilm growth, B. cereus spores and polystyrene microspheres (an abiotic control) were introduced separately. Shear stress at the biofilm surface was varied between 0·15 and 1·5 N m−2 . The amount of surrogate pathogens introduced ranged from approximately 105 CFU ml−1 to 1010 spheres ml−1 . The quantity of surrogate pathogens integrated in the biofilm was proportional to the amount introduced. In 14 of the 16 cases, 0·4–3·0% of the spores or spheres introduced were measured in the biofilms. The other two cases had 10% and 21% of the spores detected. Data suggested that the spores germinated in the system. The amount of surrogate pathogens detected in the biofilms was higher in the mid-shear range. Chlorine treatment reduced the quantity of both surrogate pathogens and biofilm organisms. In one experiment, the biofilms and B. cereus recovered when the chlorine treatment was terminated.
Conclusions: Planktonic surrogate pathogens can be integrated in biofilms and protected from chlorination decontamination.
Significance and Impact of the Study: This knowledge assists in understanding the impact of biofilms on harbouring potential pathogens in drinking-water systems and protecting the pathogens from decontamination. 相似文献
Methods and Results: Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms were grown on polyvinyl chloride coupons in annular reactors under low nutrient conditions. After biofilm growth, B. cereus spores and polystyrene microspheres (an abiotic control) were introduced separately. Shear stress at the biofilm surface was varied between 0·15 and 1·5 N m
Conclusions: Planktonic surrogate pathogens can be integrated in biofilms and protected from chlorination decontamination.
Significance and Impact of the Study: This knowledge assists in understanding the impact of biofilms on harbouring potential pathogens in drinking-water systems and protecting the pathogens from decontamination. 相似文献
15.
A novel compound designated zafrin [4beta-methyl-5, 6, 7, 8 tetrahydro-1 (4beta-H)-phenanthrenone] was isolated from a crude extract of a marine bacterium identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri. Zafrin showed strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The compound was purified and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. It could be demonstrated that a purified solution of zafrin was active against several human pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi. By contrast, zafrin did not inhibit the growth of eukaryotic organisms Candida albicans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The minimal inhibitory concentration for Gram-positive bacteria ranged from 50 to 75 microg mL(-1) and varied between 75 and 125 microg mL(-1) for Gram-negative bacteria. Zafrin lysed Bacillus subtilis cells grown in an osmotically protected medium, suggesting that it does not act upon the cell wall. Further investigation using B. subtilis indicated that the compound is bactericidal and is likely to target the cell membrane. 相似文献
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17.
Abstract
The structure of a sulfated polysaccharide (B-1) isolated and purified from the culture filtrate of marine Pseudomonas sp. WAK-1 was revised to have a repeating unit as follows: -2)-β-D-Galp(4SO4)(1-4)[β-D-Glcp(1-6)]-β-D-Galp(3SO4)(1-. B-1 was evaluated for anticancer activity using a human cancer cell line panel coupled with a drug sensitivity database.
The average B-1 concentration required for 50% growth inhibition against the panel of 39 cell lines was 63.2 μg/ml. Among
the cancer cell lines tested, high sensitivities to B-1 were observed in central nervous system cancer and lung cancer cell
lines. The COMPARE analysis revealed that the differential growth inhibition pattern of B-1 had no significant correlation
with those of more than 200 standard compounds, most of which were anticancer drugs and different types of inhibitors. This
lack of similarities in the cytotoxic patterns appears to reflect previously unrecognized biological properties of B-1. It
was revealed that B-1 induced apoptosis in U937 cells, as shown by cell morphology and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. 相似文献
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This review, issued in two parts, describes the information on the structure and biological activity of animal alkaloids derived from polymethyleneamines and produced by marine organisms, wasps, spiders, and microorganisms. Animal alkaloids are outstanding models for developing methods and drugs for the treatment of many human diseases. In the first part, we consider compounds produced by marine and microbial organisms. Some promising synthetic analogues of these alkaloids are used in developing modern preparations for the chelate therapy of excessive blood iron content and antituberculosis, antiproliferative, and immunosuppressive drugs. 相似文献
20.
Dhamodharan Bakkiyaraj Chandran Sivasankar Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian 《Indian journal of microbiology》2013,53(1):111-113
Infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are of great concern because of its increasing resistance towards conventional antibiotics. Quorum sensing system of P. aeruginosa acts as a global regulator of almost all the virulence factors and majorly its biofilm formation. In the present study, quenching of QS system of P. aeruginosa has been explained with bioactives from bacteria associated with the coral Acropora digitifera. Isolated bioactives inhibited the expression of various virulence traits of P. aeruginosa like biofilm formation, and the production of extracellular enzymes like protease and elastase. This study also emphasises the potential of coral associated bacteria in producing bioactive agents with anti-pathogenic properties. 相似文献