耳草属（茜草科）植物的两个新种

耳草属（茜草科）植物的两个新种=Two new species of the genus Hedyotis　(Rubiaceae) from China[刊,中]/ 王 瑞 江（中国科学院华南植物研究所 广州 510650）,邢 福 武//植物分类学报.—2002,41（1）.—85～88 摘要：描述了国产耳草属(茜草科)植物的两个新种,启无耳草Hedyotis wangii　R. J. Wang和崖州耳草H. yazhouensis　F. W. Xing et R. J. Wang。     

香港茜草科植物新记录

查阅馆藏植物标本,有3种茜草科植物：丹草（Hedyotis herbacea）、小耳草（H.pumila）和蕴璋耳草（Scleromitrion koanum）为香港新记录。这些资料为香港的生物多样性工作提供了基础数据。     

香港茜草科植物新记录（英文）

查阅馆藏植物标本,有3种茜草科植物:丹草(Hedyotis herbacea)、小耳草(H. pumila)和蕴璋耳草(Scleromitrion koanum)为香港新记录。这些资料为香港的生物多样性工作提供了基础数据。     

中国耳草属(茜草科)植物新记录种

首次报道了蓝花耳草(Hedyotis affinisRoem.& Schult.)在我国的分布新记录,并对其形态特征进行了详细描述。     

国产耳草属长节耳草及其相似种的分类研究

我国耳草属中具有茎四棱和头状花序特征的植物常常被鉴定为长节耳草(Hedyotis uncinella),并且这一名称还包括了基于不同模式的3个分类学异名。由于这一类植物在叶片形态、叶柄长短、花序着生式样以及花梗长度等形态特征方面存在着明显的不同,因此将这一类植物笼统地鉴定为长节耳草并不合理。为清晰区分这类植物,通过模式比对、居群形态特征变异式样的野外观察以及分子系统学分析等方法进行研究,结果表明,以前被鉴定为“长节耳草”的植物实际上包括了6个分类实体,即被归并的丰花耳草(H. borrerioides)、垦丁耳草(H. kuraruensis)和新组合种——团花耳草(H. cephalophora)均应独立成种,而长节耳草本种、被忽略的线叶耳草(H. linearifolia)和我国新记录种——球花耳草(H. multiglomerulata)各自也应得到承认。同时,为了便于进行分类鉴定,也提供了这些种类的分种检索表。     

闭花耳草的化学成分研究

从闭花耳草(Hedyotis cryptantha )全草中分离得到11个化合物,经波谱数据分析鉴定为车叶草苷(1),车叶草苷酸(2),车叶草苷酸甲酯(3),车叶草酸乙酯(4),3,4-二氢-3-甲氧基车叶草苷(5),山奈酚(6),kaempferol 3,7-di-O -β-D-glucoside(7),kaempferol 3-O -β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranoside(8),乌索酸(9),豆甾醇(10),β-谷甾醇(11)。所有化合物均为首次从闭花耳草植物中分离得到,其中化合物7和8首次从耳草属(Hedyotis )植物中分离得到。     

狮耳草属——中国唇形科植物一新归化属

该文报道了中国唇形科植物一新归化种——荆芥叶狮耳草[Leonotis nepetifolia(L.)R.Br.],该种的发现代表狮耳草属[Leonotis(Pers.)R.Br.]在中国的新归化。狮耳草属的主要特征为轮伞花序腋生,苞片和萼齿顶端针刺状,花冠桔红色或黄色,冠唇上唇较大,下唇较小;其与绣球防风属(Leucas R.Br)较为接近,但后者的萼齿等大,花冠通常白色,花冠筒不超出萼外,冠檐下唇长于上唇,二者区别较为显著。荆芥叶狮耳草为一年生草本。轮伞花序球形,多花密集,其下承以多数密集苞片;苞片细长,向下微弯曲,先端针刺状。花萼管状,先端膨大而略折曲;萼齿针刺状,最上面一枚较大。花冠桔红色,密被桔红色绒毛;花冠筒细长,伸出萼筒之外;冠檐二唇形,上唇较大,下唇较小。荆芥叶狮耳草与同属植物Leonotis leonurus R.Br.最为相似,但前者叶为卵圆形或心形,后者的叶片多为披针形。根据该研究的标本和相关文献资料,该文还提供了狮耳草属和荆芥叶狮耳草的形态描述、地理分布的讨论,以及荆芥叶狮耳草的资源价值、归化途经、繁殖和危害的讨论和野外生态照片。     

耳草属(HedyotisL.)的起源及地理分布

依据耳草属的系统学,古地理学和细胞染色体资料分析和推论,耳草属植物的起源地点在冈瓦纳古陆,很可能在古陆辽阔的东北部地区。耳草属植物的起源时间不应晚于侏罗纪,有可能在三叠纪就已经出现,并在侏罗纪得到广泛的传播,其迁移的路线有四条,即从起源中心向东经上耳其,伊朗进入东南亚地区,向东南通过古南大陆向印度板块和徜大利亚扩散,向北进入北美地区,向西南进入南美洲地区,随着冈瓦纳古陆的分离,印度板块向北漂移以及澳大利亚与古南大陆的分离,植物迁移与扩散的速度受到了制约,耳草属植物现代分布格局形成的原因在于传播途径的隔断和第四纪冰川的作用。     

新疆2种盐生补血草营养器官的解剖学研究

采用叶片离析法和石蜡切片法,对生长在新疆盐渍环境中的大叶补血草[Limonium gmelinii(Willd.) Kuntze]和耳叶补血草[Limoniumotolepis(Schrenk) Kuntze]的营养器官解剖学特征进行了观察研究.结果显示,2种补血草属典型泌盐植物,茎和叶片表皮上分布有多细胞组成的盐腺;叶表皮细胞排列紧密,其外切向壁增厚,表皮外还被有厚的角质层;上下表皮都有气孔,气孔与表皮细胞平齐,为不等型气孔;其中大叶补血草为异面叶,而耳叶补血草为等面叶.2种补血草茎中都散生有多轮维管束;大叶补血草根中还有大量通气组织等.研究结果表明,2种补血草的解剖结构表现出与其生境相适应的特征.     

高寒草甸退化对短穗兔耳草克隆生长特征的影响

以调查统计和比较样地法研究了江河源区高寒草甸退化对典型匍匐茎植物短穗兔耳草克隆生长特征的影响。结果表明,退化草甸的植物群落结构、功能以及土壤特征发生了明显地变化,继而对短穗兔耳草无性系的克隆生长行为和形态特性产生了影响。高寒草甸退化后短穗兔耳草的匍匐茎有所增多,分支强度加大。退化草甸内短穗兔耳草的基株高度小于未退化草甸,根长大于未退化草甸,基株的叶片数目间没有明显差别。退化草甸内短穗兔耳草的分株高度显著小于未退化草甸,分株叶数明显多于未退化草甸,而根长尽管大于未退化草甸,但差异不显著。短穗兔耳草匍匐茎长度在未退化草甸内明显大于退化草甸,匍匐茎茎生叶数和匍匐茎粗度也在未退化草甸大于退化草甸。短穗兔耳草在未退化草甸用于克隆繁殖的能量投资比例高于退化草甸,其中未退化草甸内短穗兔耳草基株的干重比例略低于退化草甸,分株和匍匐茎的干重比例高于退化草甸。高寒草甸退化对短穗兔耳草克隆生长特征的这些影响,是其对高寒草甸退化导致的资源和生境差异的反应,也是对资源利用达到的最合理状态,是一种选择适应的结果。     

Hedyotis koiana R. J. Wang,a new species of Rubiaceae from China

Hedyotis koiana R. J. Wang is described as a new species from Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Fujian, and Hainan provinces of China. It is most similar to H. herbacea L. and H. pinifolia Wall. ex G. Don. because they all have narrow leaves and their capsules are loculicidally dehiscent at the top, but it differs from H. herbacea by having termi- nal or upper axillary cyme and narrow leaves, and it can be distinguished from H. pinifolia by having long flowering pedicles, sparse inflorescence, and adaxially glabrous corolla.     

中国竹亚科思劳竹属一新种——万石山思劳竹

描述了竹亚科思劳竹属一新种——万石山思劳竹（Schizostachyum wanshishanensis S.H.Chen,K.F.Huang et H.Z.Guo）。该种与思劳竹（S.pseudolima McClure）近缘,但本种箨片较平直,且短,长不及箨鞘之1/2,叶表无毛,叶背具柔毛,易于区别;本种也与沙罗单竹（S.funghomii McClure）近缘,但本种秆梢端细长下垂,叶鞘具有白色短刺毛,易于区别。     

Kaisupeea: a new genus of Gesneriaceae centred in Thailand

The genus Kaisupeea is established for Boea herbacea , a species long recognised as being out of place in Boea , and two new species closely allied to it. These plants produce annual flowering stems whose basal leaves may be represented by broad foliaceous cataphylls. Kaisupeea herbacea and K. cyanea have spirally twisted fruit-valves, but those of K. orthocarpa are straight. Kaisupeea ranges from Moulmein in Burma [Mawlamyne in Myanmnar] eastwards across Thailand to Bassac on the Mekong river in lower Laos and south to the neighbourhood of Satun on the south coast of Thailand just north of the Malaysian border.     

Roscoea cangshanensis M. H. Luo,X. F. Gao & H. H. Lin,a new species of the Zingiberaceae from Yunnan,China

Roscoea cangshanensis M. H. Luo, X. F. Gao & H. H. Lin, a new species of the Zingiberaceae from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is related to R. forrestii Cowley in habit, but differs in having 2-lobed labellum, each lobe 2-lobulate, base narrowed to a stalk with white lines, and narrower leaf blade, (2–)7–24×1.5–2.5 cm, with base narrow to petiole-like. The new species is also similar to R. debilis Gagnep. in having leaf base narrow to petiole-like, labellum obovate-cuneate, 2.5–3.5×2.5–3.0 cm, with white lines at throat, but differs in having bracts non-tubular, shorter, 5–15 mm long, concealed in leaf sheaths, corolla tubes longer, 10–12.5 cm long, labellum 2-lobed with each lobe further 2-lobulate.     

广西苦苣苔科一新属——文采苣苔属

描述了在广西发现的苦苣苔科一新属和一新种,即文采苣苔属Wentsaiboea D. Fang & D. H. Qin及文采苣苔W. renifolia D. Fang & D. H. Qin, 并提供墨线图。文采苣苔属的柱头外形略似长檐苣苔属Dolicholoma D. Fang & W. T. Wang, 不同在于前者叶肾形,基部心形,具掌状脉,花冠斜钟状,裂片圆形,雄蕊和退化雄蕊着生于冠筒近基部。新属在体态上还接近小花苣苔属Chiritopsis W. T. Wang, 但前者叶具掌状脉,冠筒钟状,远轴侧膨胀,柱头马蹄形;在后者叶具羽状脉,冠筒筒状,不膨胀,柱头下唇倒梯形至线形。     

Wentsaiboea D. Fang & D. H. Qin,a new genus of the Gesneriaceae from Guangxi,China

Wentsaiboea renifolia D. Fang & D. H. Qin, a new genus and species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This genus is similar to Dolicholoma D. Fang & W. T. Wang in the shape of stigma, but differs by having leaves reniform, palmately nerved and base cordate, corolla obliquely campanulate, corolla lobes rounded, and both stamens and staminodes adnate to corolla tube near base. It is also similar to Chiritopsis W. T. Wang in the habit, but differs by having leaves palmately nerved, corolla tube campanulate and abaxially swollen, and stigma hippocrepiform.     

中国珍珠菜属(报春花科)一新种——右旋过路黄

对新种右旋过路黄Lysimachia dextrorsiflora X. P. Zhang, X. H. Guo &; J. W. Shao进行了描述和绘图。该新种产于中国安徽和福建, 因茎匍匐, 叶对生, 花黄色, 单生叶腋与过路黄L. christinae Hance近缘, 但其花冠裂片在蕾期右旋(顺时针)旋转排列(俯视), 花梗通常长于叶片与叶柄长之和, 花期4月初至5月初而不同。     

Aster ageratoides var. pendulus W. P. Li & G. X. Chen,a new variety of Aster (Asteraceae) from Hunan,China

Aster ageratoides var. pendulus W. P. Li & G. X. Chen, a new variety of Aster (Asteraceae) from Shimen County, northwestern Hunan, China, is described. The variety is similar to A. ageratoides var. laticorymbus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz., from which it differs by having pendent stem, basal leaves and lower stem leaves purple beneath, stem leaves linear, hispid above, and broader phyllaries. The new variety is also possibly similar to A. ageratoides var. micranthus Ling in the linear leaves and white ligules, but differs by having the phyllaries green at apex, 1.25–1.75 mm wide, and the obvious creeping underground rhizomes.     

DNA-based method for rapid identification of the pine pathogen, Phytophthora pinifolia

Phytophthora pinifolia causes a needle and shoot disease in Pinus radiata , referred to as 'Daño Foliar del Pino'. This newly discovered disease requires intensive research efforts that necessitate the processing of large numbers of samples for which accurate identification, often by people not experienced in Phytophthora taxonomy, is required. The aim of this study was, therefore, to develop species-specific primers for P. pinifolia that amplify the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal operon and the nuclear Ypt 1 gene, respectively. The primers were tested over several Phytophthora spp., as well as fungi isolated from P. radiata . In all cases, only P. pinifolia was amplified. In addition to the species-specific primers, a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism protocol using available Phytophthora genus-specific primers was also used to generate a species-specific profile for P. pinifolia . This provided a characteristic profile that allows the identification of P. pinifolia , and it could also discriminate between 27 different species of Phytophthora . Both techniques reported in this study make it possible to identify large numbers of P. pinifolia cultures accurately and efficiently, which will be important for both quarantine work and biological research on this important new pathogen.