ATP-MgCl_2对心肌缺血再灌注产生O~-_■的清除作用

McCord的研究结果表明,心肌缺血再灌注性损伤是活性氧自由基——主要是超氧阴离子自由基的毒性引起的。我们的研究证明,ATP-MgCl_2心脏冷停搏保护液在动物实验和临床心脏外科手术中,对缺血缺氧心肌有着十分满意的保护作用。 我们用电子自旋共振波谱仪(ESR)分别检测了以含氧灌注液、含氧灌注液加入SOD和含氧灌注液加入ATP—MgCl_2对离体兔心再灌注时氧自由基的变化,以阐明ATP-MgCl_2是否具有清除活性氧自由基的作用。     

川芎嗪对缺血心肌的保护及抗氧化作用的实验研究

研究川芎嗪的心肌保护及抗氧化作用机制。在心脏停跳液中加入川芎嗪后对离全兔心脏进行缺血再灌注,然后观察心肌线粒体内丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性及心肌组织超微结构损伤程度。发现含有川芎嗪的停跳液组丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量显著降低,超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）活显著升高,观察心肌组织超微结构损伤程度发现较轻,因此,川芎嗪对缺血心肌具有良好的保护脑抗氧化作用。     

腺苷预处理对大鼠心脏移植缺血再灌注损伤心肌的保护作用

目的探讨腺苷（adenosine,Ado）预处理在心脏移植缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法健康雄性Sprague．Dawley（SD）大鼠40只,建立大鼠同系异位心脏移植模型。随机分为3组：假手术组、对照组、实验组（供体心在获取前15min给予Ado预处理后4℃改良St．Thoms液10mL。主动脉根部灌注停跳）。术后5h测定血清中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）含量,电镜观测心肌细胞超微结构变化。结果实验组MDA、CK-MB明显减少（P〈0．01）,SOD明显增加（P〈0．01）,心肌超微结构改变明显减轻。实验组的移植心脏存活时间较对照组明显延长[（22．1±2．9）dw（12．0±1．8）d,P〈0．01）]。结论Ado预处理对心脏移植缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,使受者的移植心脏存活期延长。     

大鼠心脏缺血-再灌注损伤对心肌L-Arg/NO途径的影响

为探讨大鼠心脏缺血-再灌注损伤(IRI)期间一氧化氮(NO)生成增加的环节和过程。本实验用离体灌流大鼠心脏,预灌流15 min,停灌45 min,取30 ml KH 液循环灌流15 min,观察冠脉流出液中细胞胞浆酶(LDH)、蛋白质、肌红蛋白漏出量和NO     

大豆磷脂脂质体对再灌注心肌线粒体的影响

利用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ离体心脏灌流装置,研究在缺血－再灌注时补充大豆磷脂脂质体对心肌线粒体膜脂质特性和超微结构的影响。结果：在缺血－再灌注时补充大豆磷脂脂质体可提高线粒体膜磷脂含量,抑制胆固醇－磷脂摩尔比和膜脂质微粘度的增加,改善线粒体的超微结构。结果表明,补充大豆磷脂脂质体对再灌注心肌线粒体的脂质特性和超微结构的损伤性变化具有保护作用。     

内源性CO在大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注中的保护作用

本文旨在观察研究内源性CO在大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注中的作用。大鼠经内源性CO激动剂原卟啉氯化钴(CoPP)和内源性CO抑制剂锌原卟啉(ZnPP)处理后,采用Langendorff离体心脏灌流系统完成心脏缺血再灌注模型,停灌(缺血)时间设定为30 min,分别采集离体心脏稳定期和再灌注后30 min心功能指标参数,ELISA方法检测心肌组织cGMP含量,比色法测定血浆中内源性CO的含量以及再灌注10 min时灌流液中肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)等心肌酶的指标。结果显示,停灌前离体心脏跳动平稳,CoPP组、ZnPP组和对照组心脏各项功能指标均保持稳定,三组间心功能指标无明显差异;再灌注后,三组间心功能指标出现显著性差异(P0.05),与停灌前相比,对照组和ZnPP组心功能均明显下降(P0.05),且ZnPP组下降较为显著,而CoPP组仍能保持停灌前水平。与此同时,三组大鼠体内CO含量、离体心肌酶学指标和再灌注后恢复稳定时间也有明显的差异(P0.05),和对照组相比,CoPP组复灌稳定恢复时间减少,灌流液中CK和LDH含量显著减少,血浆内源性CO含量和心肌cGMP含量显著增加,而ZnPP组则呈现截然相反的结果。以上结果提示,内源性CO可维持一定的心脏舒缩能力、缩短心脏复跳时间,在心脏缺血再灌注中起到了保护作用。     

去势对离体大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注心功能及心肌凋亡的影响

目的:观察去势对离体大鼠心脏缺血／再灌注心脏功能和心肌凋亡的影响。方法:SD大鼠28只,随机分为去势组、对照组,每组14只。制备大鼠离体缺血／再灌注模型(缺血30min,再灌注2h),观察左室压力,再灌注结束后检测心肌梗死率和细胞凋亡指数,免疫组化技术检测心肌组织的Bcl-2、Bax水平。结果:(1)与对照组相比,去势组再灌注后的心脏左室收缩及舒张功能无显著变化(P>0．05);(2)去势组心肌梗死范围(43．68±6．89％)较对照组(39．33±7．85％)增加,但无统计学差异;(3)对照组和去势组间心肌细胞凋亡指数无统计学差异(P>0．05),心肌组织中Bcl-2、Bax含量未见显著变化。结论:去势对心脏缺血／再灌注心脏功能没有保护作用,而且不影响心肌细胞凋亡过程,生理剂量的雄激素对缺血再灌注后的心脏功能不产生损害作用。     

三七总皂苷对脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经血管单元超微结构的影响

为了观察脑缺血再灌注(cerebral ischemia reperfusion, CIR)大鼠缺血灶周边脑组织不同时间点神经血管单元(neurovascular unit, NVU)超微结构变化,研究三七总皂苷(Panax notoginseng saponins, PNS)对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织NVU超微结构的影响,本研究采用改良Zea Longa法制作局灶性大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)模型,缺血2 h后再灌注;采用Longa法评分标准检测各组大鼠术后4 h神经功能评分,随之各组进行干预,分别在缺血再灌注后24 h、72 h、7 d、3周进行神经功能评分和透射电镜下观察各组大鼠缺血灶周边脑组织的NVU超微结构变化。研究结果表明,干预前即术后4 h治疗组和对照组神经功能评分比较无明显差异;PNS干预后治疗组大鼠神经功能评分逐渐改善,缺血再灌注后24 h与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(p>0.05),再灌注72 h、7 d、3周的大鼠神经缺损评分与同时间点对照组相比差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。电镜观察发现再灌注24 h、72 h、7 d、3周治疗组大鼠脑组织NVU超微结构的病理形态损伤均较同时间点对照组明显减轻。本研究结论认为,PNS通过整合促进脑缺血后NVU的神经元、胶质细胞和微血管的修复,改善神经功能缺损症状,对脑缺血具有保护作用。     

家兔离体心脏缺血再灌注模型制作方法的改进及其效果

目的:通过对家兔离体心脏缺血再灌注模型制作方法的改进,延长家兔离体心脏存活时间并提高其存活状态,为研究离体心脏缺血再灌注提供更为稳定的模型.方法:健康新西兰家兔20只随机分为对照组与实验组,每组10只;通过改进实验方法与优化剖取家兔心脏术式操作,记录两组离体心脏复跳和从复跳到稳定跳动时间、比较两组离体心脏的存活时间及状态.结果:改进组优化手术操作完全暴露家兔心脏、减少了心肌机械性损伤,用改进台氏液冲洗离体心脏,缩短了从心脏取出到主动脉挂于灌流装置上该过程的时间,从而缩短了心脏从离体到再灌注此段的缺血时间;灌流液的温度从30℃缓慢升至37℃,此过程避免了离体心脏从4℃环境直升为37℃的初期供氧与灌流液温度条件变化而带来的心肌内环境紊乱,加之在灌流装置中增加了心脏保温罩、不断更换以95 ％O2+5％CO2氧饱和气化的新鲜台氏液,以共同维持离体心肌的正常生理功能.结果两组对比,改进组家兔离体心脏复跳时间和从复跳到稳定跳动时间比对照组缩短、明显显示其稳定有节律跳动时间延长(P＜0.01).结论:本改进法可使家兔离体心脏复苏快、且能持续有节律稳定跳动7h左右,达到延长家兔离体心脏存活时间的目的,该模型可适用于专业实验教学和科学研究.     

青藤碱抗大鼠肝脏缺血/再灌注损伤作用的机制探讨

目的:观察青藤碱时大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响,探讨其保护大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤作用的机制.方法:通过建立大鼠全肝缺血再灌注损伤模型,应用硝酸酶还原法测定肝脏缺血再灌注后60min血清NO水平变化;测定再灌注60 min后肝组织内MDA和SOD含量变化;再灌注60min取肝组织完成肝组织显微结构的观察.结果:肝脏缺血再灌注损伤后血清NO水平降低;青藤碱能提高再灌注后血清NO水平,且能改善肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的微循环,减轻肝细胞内超微结构的损害程度.结论:青藤碱对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其主要作用机制是清除氧自由基和改善微循环.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细