内蒙古二连盆地额尔登敖包剖面新增查干鼠类、圆柱齿鼠类及梳趾鼠类化石材料（英文）

为完善内蒙古二连盆地古近纪生物年代框架和明晰该地区啮齿类化石多样性,报道了二连盆地额尔登敖包剖面新发现的啮齿类化石材料,包括上白层中的查干鼠类(Cyclomylus lohensis, Coelodontomys asiaticus),中红层和下红层中的圆柱齿鼠类(Gobiocylindrodon sp., Proardynomys sp.和Cylindrodontidae gen. et sp. indet.),及下白层中的梳趾鼠类(Yuomys sp.)。上白层中发现的查干鼠类证实了上白层时代为早渐新世。基于额尔登敖包上白层与脑木根敖包顶部岩层岩性相似,动物群中有部分相同的组成,进一步确认二者应当属于同一个组。额尔登敖包剖面圆柱齿鼠类化石以不同的组合出现在不同的层位中,这些标本表明始新世时在亚洲圆柱齿鼠类已经有较高的分异度,同时该类群在亚洲可能有相对连续的演化序列。     

论额尔登敖包下第三系——兼论湖牧兽在该地之发现

内蒙古沙拉木伦地区额尔登敖包下第三系剖面为亚洲下第三系最佳剖面之一。但过去的地层研究过于简单,有关地层层位的时代不准确,因此,对其进行全面的认识实有必要。湖牧兽(Pastoralodon lacustris)仅发现于脑木根组,而从未在其它下第三系层位中发现过。因而,在额尔登敖包地区发现的湖牧兽表明这一地区并不存在中始新世阿山头组,而早始新世巴彦乌兰层的存在则是确凿无疑的。     

内蒙古脑木根地区渐新世啮齿类及相关地层问题

描述了脑木根敖包顶部岩层中所产的啮齿类化石：阿尔泰查干鼠(Tsaganomys altaicus)和中间圆柱鼠(Cyclomylus intermedius)。脑木根敖包顶部地层最初被归人巴润索组。研究表明该层共含5种哺乳动物化石(Tsaganomys altaicus、Cyclomylus intermedius、Paracerotherium tran-souralicum、Ardynia kaxachstanensis和Etelodn gobiensis），其时代为早渐新世晚期。巴润索组的层型是巴润索平台顶部的砂砾岩，其时代为晚始新世。脑木根敖包顶部岩层不应归人巴润索组，而与额尔登敖包顶部的上脑岗代组在岩性上接近，时代相同，因此应归人上脑岗代组。     

记准噶尔巨犀(Dzungariotherium)一新种

本文记述了准噶尔巨犀(Dzungariotherium)的一个新种。标本为中苏古生物考察队1960年在内蒙古沙拉木伦地区额尔登敖包的早渐新世乌兰戈楚组内所采。由于这一新种的时代为早渐新世,因而有可能是发现于新疆的晚渐新世霍尔果断准噶尔巨犀(Dzungariotherium org-osensis)的祖先类型。     

内蒙古晚始新世土克木层发现之原雷兽

在内蒙古四子王旗额尔登敖包相当于晚始新世的土克木层中发现了原雷兽(Protitan)化石.这是在该层位中时隔60多年(1926-1991)之后发现的第四种动物.也是首次发现的大型哺乳动物.     

记内蒙古Juxia一新种

本文记述了在内蒙古沙拉木伦额尔登敖包地区第三系下渐新统乌兰戈楚组中发现的始巨犀的一个新种:寿氏始巨犀(Juxia shoui)。据其前臼齿及鼻切迹的位置等特点,这一新种当为始巨犀属中比较进步的一个成员,是包氏始巨犀和巨犀之间的过渡类型的犀类动物。     

内蒙古额尔登敖包中始新世戈壁兔(哺乳纲:兔形目)新材料(英文)

描述了来自内蒙古二连盆地的戈壁兔新材料,并命名了一个戈壁兔新种Gobiolagus aliwusuensis sp.nov.。化石产于额尔登敖包剖面中阿里乌苏地点,传统地层划分中的下红层,时代约为中始新世。该种具有中等个体,P3主尖前壁具有小的附尖,P4颊侧有两个明显的尖。这些化石材料保存了戈壁兔材料中仅有的完整上齿列,其中的P2和M3形态是首次报道,为了解亚洲早期兔形类的演化增加了新的信息。     

内蒙古中始新世一似ameghinornithid鸟类(鸟纲:Cariamae:Ameghinornithidae?)（英文）

内蒙古二连盆地额尔登敖包剖面(相当于伊尔丁曼哈组)的中始新世早期地层中新发现的一件标本显示其属于一个与ameghinornithid相似的种,代表了Ameghinornithidae在亚洲的首个记录。新标本具有外踝半圆形,缺失骨质腱桥,伸肌沟外侧具有大而平的结节,以及其他与ameghinornithid和似ameghinornithid鸟类共有的特征。内蒙古标本与欧洲最古老的ameghinornithids记录大体属同一时代(约48 Ma)。与同时期内蒙古哺乳动物群主要由亚洲类群组成兼有少量与北美有关的绝灭类群不同,这类鸟类中始新世时在北美缺失,而存在于欧洲和亚洲。加上埃及法尤姆早渐新世地层中发现的似ameghinornithid鸟类,这类已经绝灭的鸟类的地理分布似乎比过去所认为的要广泛得多。     

内蒙古中始新世一似ameghinornithid鸟类(鸟纲:Cariamae:Ameghinornithidae?)

内蒙古二连盆地额尔登敖包剖面(相当于伊尔丁曼哈组)的中始新世早期地层中新发现的一件标本显示其属于一个与ameghinornithid相似的种,代表了Ameghinomithidae在亚洲的首个记录.新标本具有外踝半圆形,缺失骨质腱桥,伸肌沟外侧具有大而平的结节,以及其他与ameghinomithid和似ameghinomithid鸟类共有的特征.内蒙古标本与欧洲最古老的ameghinomithids记录大体属同一时代(约48 Ma).与同时期内蒙古哺乳动物群主要由亚洲类群组成兼有少量与北美有关的绝灭类群不同,这类鸟类中始新世时在北美缺失,而存在于欧洲和亚洲.加上埃及法尤姆早渐新世地层中发现的似ameghinomithid鸟类,这类已经绝灭的鸟类的地理分布似乎比过去所认为的要广泛得多.     

内蒙古额尔登敖包锤鼻雷兽的头骨化石

雷兽是一类在始新世时很繁盛的古老的奇蹄类动物,其化石主要分布于亚洲和北美,在欧洲仅有零星发现。锤鼻雷兽（Ｅｍｂｏｌｏｔｈｅｒｉｕｍ,曾译为王雷兽或大角雷兽）是一类亚洲特有的、非常特化的雷兽。它与雷兽科其他成员的主要区别在于它的鼻骨显著增大、加长,前端明显抬高,形成类似西方攻城锤状的“角”。它也因此而得名（ｅｍｂｏｌｅ为希腊语：攻城锤）。 Ｅｍｂｏｌｏｔｈｅｒｉｕｍ是２０世纪２０年代由美国纽约自然历史博物馆中亚考察团在我国内蒙古额尔登敖包地区乌兰戈楚层中首次发现的。Ｅｍｂｏｌｏｔｈｅｒｉｕｍ属已知…     

The food of weasels (Mustela nivalis) on farmland in north-east Scotland

Little is known of the foods of weasels ( Mustela nivalis ) in farmland in Scotland. Data on their diet were collected from two such areas in east Aberdeenshire between 1971 and 1973. A total of 264 samples of scats were analysed, including 236 from live-trapped weasels, and the gut contents from 82 weasel carcasses were also examined. Small rodents, particularly Microtus , were the principal prey, but lagomorphs, birds and insectivores were also eaten. Seasonal variations in the diet were influenced by the availability of prey. Weasels ate very few Clethrionomys although they were common on one study area. Significantly more lagomorphs were identified in scats collected in the morning than in the evening, but no such differences were found for other prey.     

FOSSIL LAGOMORPHS (MAMMALIA) FROM THE HETAOYUAN EOCENE OF XICHUAN, HENAN

<正> Among the fossil materials collected from the lower part of the Hetaoyuan Formation, exposed at Shipigou (namely Pishigou) of Xichuan County, Henan, are some specimens of the primitive lagomorphs. A left mandibular fragment of them was recovered by Lei, one of us, and is housed in the Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Geology. Other isolated cheek teeth were got by means of screen-washing in the winter of 1984. In this paper these Eocene lagomorph fossils are described, and the homologies of the upper cheek tooth patterns of lagomorphs are discussed.     

Food niche separation between four sympatric Namib Desert carnivores

The diet of four sympatric carnivore species was established by analyzing scats collected during 1978-1980, a period of increasing drought in the Namib Desert. Termites were especially important in the diet of Aardwolves and Bat-eared foxes and the food spectrum was not broadened in response to increased aridity. Black-backed jackals utilized a wide range of prey items, especially rodents and lagomorphs, while the Cape fox largely depended on murid rodents, but also took lagomorphs and insects. Separation in use of space and times of activity between the four species also occurred.     

Lagomorphs as sentinels for surveillance of borreliosis in the far western United States

Brush rabbits (Sylvilagus bachmani) and black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) from California (USA) were assayed for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme borreliosis. Significant antibody titers were detected in 90% (range, 67 to 100%) of brush rabbits from four of six localities, and in 90% of jackrabbits from a single locality, in northern California. One of the populations of brush rabbits that did not yield seropositive individuals inhabited an oceanic island devoid of any other terrestrial mammal, whereas the other population was located on an isolated flood plain bordering San Francisco Bay. Absorption tests using B. burgdorferi as antigen revealed that antibodies detected in both species of lagomorphs were directed against borreliae. These findings reinforce the earlier suggestion that lagomorphs may be useful as sentinel animals for surveillance of borreliosis in the far western United States.     

蔚县盆地2019-2020年旧石器考古调查

作为广义泥河湾盆地的重要组成部分,蔚县盆地也曾是更新世期间古人类生存活动的重要地区。2019-2020年度在蔚县盆地开展了新一轮的旧石器考古调查工作,发现并确认18处旧石器和动物化石地点,获得35件石制品以及少量动物化石。从文化遗存的出露层位来看,泥河湾河湖相地层和黄土堆积是遗物埋藏的主要地貌部位。石制品类型包括石锤、石核（含细石核）、废片和工具;原料以火山岩、燧石和石英岩为主;石核剥片和工具修理均主要采用锤击法。技术类型总体上包含了简单石核石片技术和细石叶技术两套组合。结合相关地貌、地层对比资料以及石制品的类型特征,初步推测新地点的时代分别为中更新世和晚更新世,其中含细石叶技术制品地点的年代应为晚更新世晚期。     

Sex-related differences in the diet of the mink Mustela vison

The diets of free-ranging male and female mink were sampled by analysing faeces collected from radio-tagged individuals. Significant sex differences were apparent in the predation upon three of the five principal prey groups. The larger males preyed much more heavily upon lagomorphs, the largest prey taken, while females preyed more upon fish and crustaceans than did males. These differences were consistent in each season except the autumn (September to November), when males preyed more heavily upon fish and crustacea than did females. Due to their large size, adult lagomorphs are felt to be relatively unavailable to female mink. Male mink are apparently large enough to specialize on lagomorphs, and male mink niche breadth was consistently lower than that of females. Dietary overlap approximated to 40% in all seasons except summer (68%), when female predation upon lagomorphs reached a peak. This reduction in intraspecific feeding competition was felt to be a valuable side-effect of body-size dimorphism.     

The Shanghuang Mammalian Fauna, Middle Eocene of Jiangsu:History of Discovery and Significance

APaleogenemammalianfauna,herenamedtheShanghuangfauna,wasdiscoverednearthevillageofShanghuang,closetoLiyangCity,JiangsuProvince,China(Fig.1).Atpresent,rouglilysixtyspeciesoffossilmammalshavebeenrecogniedintheShanghuangfauna.Manyofthesemammaltaxaarenewtoscience,andothersrepresentnewoccurrencesfortheEoceneofChina.ParticularlywellrepresentedintheShanghuangfaunaaremicromammals(includingmarsupials,insectivores,rodents,lagomorphs,primates,andbats)thathaveseldomifeverbeenfoundinotherEoceneAsianl…     

内蒙古晚始新世的仓鼠化石

描述了产自内蒙古晚始新世地层中的3属5种仓鼠化石(Pappocricetodon antiquus,Pap- pocricetodon sp.,Pappocricetodon?sp.,Eocricetodon borealis sp.nov.和Oxynocricetodon erenensis sp.nov.),建立了Eocricetodon和Oxynocricetodon两个新属。Eocricetodon属的特点是:齿尖较钝,横脊较细;M1前叶中等大小,前边尖单一,原尖前臂伸达前边尖,原脊与原尖后臂连,后脊与次尖连;m1三角座特别短而窄等。Eocricetodon borealis的特点是:M1前叶相对更细窄,具明显的原小尖。m1下原尖和下后尖位置彼此相对,m1和m2的下次脊与下次尖连等。Oxynocricetodon属的主要特征为:颊齿具相对较细锐的主尖和较细长的横脊;上臼齿原脊和后脊均为前连;M1前叶较大;前边尖孤立;原尖前臂不伸达前边尖等。Oxynocricetodon erenensis的特征主要是:M1前边尖为较大的新月形;无中脊和中附尖;M1和M2无原尖后臂;M3较少退化等。对早期仓鼠的演化趋势作了归纳和补充。讨论了产仓鼠化石地点的地层的时代,认为额尔登敖包的乌兰戈楚组的"下白层"的时代较二连浩特的呼尔井组的稍早,为晚始新世的较早期,而呼尔井组的时代为晚始新世的较晚期。     

Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu

The present account of some Bryozoa from Vanuatu is the first study of reef-flat species from the eastern Coral Sea. Based on samples collected from several shallow water localities on the island of Efate, a total of 92 species is described, including a new family, three new genera and 20 new species. Some of the newly recognized species are the result of taxonomic revision stimulated by these new samples, while others are entirely new to science. Of the new taxa described here, 16 are presently known only from Vanuatu. The total number of species recorded does not accurately represent the true taxonomic diversity of the Cheilostomatida of Vanuatu, and further sampling, at other localities and in other habitats, is needed before it can be reasonably estimated. The fauna is predominantly Indo-West Pacific in character with a high proportion of species apparently known only in the Southwest Pacific.     

Late Miocene lagomorphs from the Republic of Moldova

The aim of this paper is to enlarge knowledge about still poorly documented and understood record of Lagomorpha (Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Moldova. The lagomorph material from two new Late Miocene localities, Razeni (MN11/12), Gradishte (MN12), and re-sampling locality Chimislyia (MN12), of Southern Moldova, is described in detail here. The localities yielded small vertebrate fauna including five lagomorph taxa: Prolagus cf. oeningensis, “Proochotona” cf. eximia, Alilepus laskarewi, “Proochotona” sp., and Alilepus sp. P. cf. oeningensis is described for the first time in the studied area. A short review of the lagomorph record from the Republic of Moldova is provided. This contribution outlines the importance of the lagomorphs for biostratigraphic purposes, and highlighs the gaps in our knowledge related to the faunal succession in this area.