中国伞形科柴胡属一新种

作者在云南发现柴胡一新种,定名为泸西柴胡Bupleurum luxiense,并以北柴胡B． chinense为对照,对其主要化学成分挥发油和皂甙进行了初步研究,发现它的地下部分含有柴胡的主要成分——柴胡皂甙a、d、c尤其是它的柴胡总皂甙含量高于北柴胡的2倍多,且资源丰富,所以是一种很有价值的药用柴胡,建议深入研究并推广应用。     

十六种晋产北柴胡柴胡皂苷含量分析

本实验分别以高效液相色谱法和分光光度法测定了山西省十三个产地的16种北柴胡中柴胡皂苷a、d及柴胡总皂苷的含量.结果表明,在16种晋产北柴胡中,柴胡皂苷a的质量分数为0.038％～0.369％,柴胡皂苷d的质量分数为0.036％～0.681％,柴胡总皂苷的质量分数为0.354％～3.949％;12种晋产北柴胡中的柴胡皂苷a、10种中的柴胡皂苷d和13种中的柴胡总皂苷含量分别超过了0.1％、0.2％和1.0％.     

反相HPLC法测定四种柴胡的柴胡皂式a,c,d含量

1990版《中国药典》规定正品柴胡为北柴胡和红柴胡,而各地实际入药的柴胡种类往往与药典规定不尽相同。因此有必要对目前已供药用的柴胡生药中有效成分进行定量分析,作为评判各种柴胡质量的依据之一。本文应用反相HPLC法测定了9种市售商品柴胡,经鉴定为北柴胡（BupleurumchinenseDC．）、红柴胡（B．scorzonerifoliumWilld．）、空心柴胡（B．longicauleWall．exDC．var．franchetiideBoiss．）和不同产地的小叶黑柴胡（B．smithiiWolffvar．parvifoliumShanetY．Li）,分别测定了其柴胡皂式a,c,d（简记为ssa,ssc,ssd）的含…     

HPLC法测定银州柴胡中五种皂苷的含量

首次建立HPLC法同时测定银州柴胡中柴胡皂苷a、c、d、e和f五种皂苷含量的方法。流动相为乙腈-水梯度洗脱,柱子为HibarRT RP-18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长210 nm。柴胡皂苷a、c、d、e和f的线性范围及相关系数分别为:21.78～43.56μg(r=0.9993),3.94～9.85μg(r=0.9994),20.68～51.70μg(r=0.9998),1.67～5.57μg(r=0.9997),1.91～6.70μg(r=0.9992);柴胡皂苷a、d的加样回收率分别为101.5%和98.5%。该方法操作简便,结果准确,重现性好,为柴胡药材多指标质量分析方法的建立和银州柴胡药用提供了参考依据。     

柴胡幼苗越冬抗寒性及其相关生理指标筛选

以北柴胡、地产柴胡、三岛柴胡的根为试验材料,以早春植株成活率为越冬抗寒性指标,测定越冬期不同柴胡品种根系生理生化特征,进行柴胡抗寒性综合评价,并对主要抗寒生理指标进行通径分析和相关性分析,以探讨冬季自然低温条件下柴胡生理特性与抗寒性的关系,筛选适合柴胡越冬抗寒性鉴定的生理指标。结果表明:(1)北柴胡、地产柴胡、三岛柴胡返青期的返青率依次为80%、50%、10%,且各品种间差异显著。(2)3个品种柴胡越冬期根系可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、根系活力与返青率大小顺序一致,其中北柴胡根系游离脯氨酸平均含量分别为地产柴胡和三岛柴胡的2.44倍和4.49倍,且可溶性蛋白含量显著高于地产柴胡、三岛柴胡,但3个品种柴胡的相对电导率、丙二醛含量水平与返青率大小顺序相反。(3)自然越冬过程中,各柴胡品种的根系活力均呈下降趋势,且以三岛柴胡根系活力下降幅度最大,达80%,而北柴胡根系活力下降幅度最小为52.04%。(4)越冬期3个柴胡品种的越冬抗寒性综合排序为:北柴胡地产柴胡三岛柴胡;柴胡根中脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量与综合评价值呈极显著正相关关系,相对电导率与综合评价值呈显著负相关关系;生理指标决策系数的大小顺序依次为脯氨酸含量可溶性蛋白含量电导率。研究表明,越冬期柴胡根系游离脯氨酸含量是影响其抗寒性的主要影响因素,其含量可作为评价柴胡抗寒性的指标。     

HS-SPME-GC-MS分析柴胡、白芍配伍前后挥发性组分变化规律

为了探讨柴胡-白芍药对配伍的意义,通过单因素考察确定最佳萃取条件,采用顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用,测定柴胡、白芍及其药对挥发性成分,通过面积归一法确定各成分百分含量,并进行主成分分析(PCA)。结果表明：柴胡、白芍及其药对共有的挥发性成分有11种,但共有成分的含量有所不同。三者的PCA综合得分具有明显的差异,药对挥发性成分的PCA综合得分最高。柴胡-白芍药对的挥发性成分大部分来自于柴胡,柴胡、白芍配伍后有新的活性成分产生,从挥发性角度分析,柴胡、白芍配伍后具有一定增效减毒作用。     

东北地区三种柴胡种子游离氨基酸的研究

东北地区三种柴胡１２个居群做了种子游离氨基酸成分分析。发现狭叶柴胡９个居群中种子游离氨基酸种内存在着变异,而且种间游离氨基酸种类变异较大,可以作为种间分类的指标。     

绛县产人工栽培与野生柴胡质量对比研究

目的:以绛县迴马岭人工栽培与野生柴胡为样本,对比人工栽培与野生柴胡根部性状及质量。方法:采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别并结合高效液相色谱法,以柴胡皂苷a、d含量为指标评价,对人工栽培与野生柴胡根部性状及质量进行比较研究。结果:人工栽培柴胡较野生柴胡顺直且色浅,药效成分含量高于野生柴胡。结论:在临床上,为人工栽培柴胡代替野生柴胡提供了理论依据。     

北柴胡不定根培养及茉莉酸甲酯处理对柴胡皂苷含量的影响

目的:建立北柴胡不定根培养体系,明确茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理对北柴胡不定根中柴胡皂苷含量积累的影响。方法:利用固体和液体相结合的组织培养技术培养北柴胡不定根;分别以不同浓度的MeJA处理不定根不同时间,利用HPLC测定处理后不定根中柴胡皂苷含量的积累变化。结果:培养了北柴胡不定根;MeJA处理对北柴胡不定根中柴胡皂苷含量的积累有明显促进作用,当MeJA浓度为200μmol/L时,柴胡皂苷含量最高,为0.45%;以200μmol/L MeJA处理北柴胡不定根26 d时,柴胡皂苷含量最高,为0.51%。结论:北柴胡不定根培养结合MeJA诱导,可做为柴胡皂苷次生代谢合成途径及其积累规律研究的有效技术体系。     

柴胡治疗肝病有效成分及药理作用研究进展

肝病是我国的一种传播范围广且高发的流行性疾病。中药柴胡自古就用保肝、护肝、治疗肝病的作用,现代药理学研究表明柴胡在辅助治疗肝癌方面也发挥着不容忽视的作用。柴胡治疗肝病的作用越来越受到关注和重视。本文从柴胡主要成分及其防治肝病的药理作用对柴胡的作用进行了归纳和综述。在前人研究结果的基础上,提出了柴胡防治肝病是多成分对应对靶点作用的结果。     

柴胡类药材的柴胡皂甙分析

柴胡类药材的柴胡皂甙分析李光慧罗燕燕王瑛袁昌齐王年鹤（北京临床药学研究所,北京１０００３５）（江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,南京２１００１４）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｓａｉｋｏｓａｐｏｎｉｎｓｉｎｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌＢｕｐｌｅｕｒｕｍｓｐｐ．ＬｉＧｕａｎｇ...     

Phenethyl alcohol glycosides and isopentenol glycoside from fruit of Bupleurum falcatum.

Investigation on the constituents of the fruit of Bupleurum falcatum L. resulted in the isolation of the three new glycosides, phenethyl alcohol 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-b eta-D- glucopyranoside, phenethyl alcohol 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and isopentenol 1-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside along with five known glycosides, icariside D1, icariside F2, saikosaponin a, saikosaponin c and saikosaponin d. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of interpretation of chemical and spectral data.     

Purification of Saponin Compounds in Bupleurum falcatum by Solvent Partitioning and Preparative LC

Saponin compounds (saikosaponin c, a, and d) in Bupleurum falcatum were partially purified by solvent partitioning of the herbal extract using diethyl ether, distilled water, n-butanol, and acetone. After separation of the saponins by preparative LC, the purity of each saikosaponin was more than 94%. The identities of purified individual saikosaponins were confirmed by TLC, analytical LC, and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry.     

Purification of saponin compounds in Bupleurum falcatum by solvent partitioning and preparative LC

Saponin compounds (saikosaponin c, a, and d) in Bupleurum falcatum were partially purified by solvent partitioning of the herbal extract using diethyl ether, distilled water, n-butanol, and acetone. After separation of the saponins by preparative LC, the purity of each saikosaponin was more than 94%. The identities of purified individual saikosaponins were confirmed by TLC, analytical LC, and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry.     

Species discrimination of Radix Bupleuri through the simultaneous determination of ten saikosaponins by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

A simple, rapid and robust high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) method was established for the species discrimination and quality evaluation of Radix Bupleuri through the simultaneous determination of ten saikosaponins, namely saikosaponin-a, -b(1), -b(2), -b(3), -b(4), -c, -d, -g, -h, and -i. These compounds were chromatographed on an Ascentis(?) Express C18 column with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% acetic acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Saikosaponins were monitored by ELSD, which was operated at a 50°C drift tube temperature and 3.0 bar nebulizer gas (N(2)) pressure. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery, robustness and stability, thereby showing good precision and accuracy, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation less than 15% at all concentrations. Furthermore, a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method was developed to certify the existence of ten saikosaponins, as well as to confirm the reliability of ELSD. The extraction conditions of saikosaponins from Radix Bupleuri were also optimized by investigating the effect of extraction methods (sonication, reflux and maceration) and various solvents on the extraction efficiencies for saikosaponins. Sonication with 70% methanol for 40 min was found to be simple and effective for extraction of major saikosaponins. This analytical method was applied to determine saikosaponin profiles in 20 real samples consisting of four Bupleurum species, namely B. falcatum, B. chinense, B. sibiricum and the poisonous B. longiradiatum. It was found that three major saikosaponin-a, -c and -d were the major constituents in B. falcatum, B. chinense, and B. longiradiatum, while one major saikosaponin (saikosaponin-c) was not identified from B. sibiricum. In addition, no saikosaponin-b(3) was detected in B. longiradiatum samples, indicating that the toxic B. longiradiatum may be tentatively distinguished from officially listed Bupleurum species (B. falcatum and B. chinense) based on their saikosaponin profiles. Overall the simultaneous determination of ten saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri was shown to be a promising tool to adopt for the discrimination and quality control of closely related Bupleurum species.     

Two New Species of the Genus Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) from China

Bupleurum is a genus largely distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In China 36 species, 17 varieties and 7 forms have hitherto been reported and most of them are used as Chinese traditional drugs under the name of Chai-Hu. Chai-Hu is one of the most popular drugs used ever since the ancient time and is prescribed principally in the treatment of fevers and influenza. In this article, the authors report two new species, B. kunmingense Y. Li et S. L. Pan and B. polyclonum Y. Li et S. L. Pan which were discovered in Yunnan Province based on morphological studies and preliminary phytochemical tests. The ultraviolet spectrums and thin layer chromatograms of the essential oil and the crude saikosaponins of the two new species are similar to those of B. chinense DC., the standard material medica of Chai-Hu. Moreover, two new saikosaponin spots located between saikosaponin a and c in TLC were discovered in the two new species, and this could be served as a chemical evidence for identification purpose. In the histochemistry examination, the reaction of saikosaponin with color developing agent in parenchyma of the roots of the two new species is obviously more significant than that of B. chinense DC. and this phenomenon has also been proved to be true by TLC of the crude saikosaponin extracts of these two new species. It is suggested that the two new species be used as a substitute ofhigh quality for Chai-Hu.     

A New Species of the Genus Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) from China

Chai-Hu is one of the most popular Chinese traditional drugs used ever since the ancient time and is prescribed principally in the treatment of fevers and influenza. In this article, the authors report a new species, Bupleurum luxieuse Y. Li et S. L. Pan which was discovered in Yunnan Province and used as Chinese drug under the name of Chai-Hu. The morphology was analysed and preliminary phytochemical tests of B. luxiense were carried out. The thin layer chromatograms and gas chromatograms of the essential oil and the qualitative analysis of the saikosaponin of this new species are similar to those of Bupleurum chinense DC., a standard material medica of Chai-Hu. Moreover, the roots of B. luxiense is discovered to have saikoside 2 times more than B. chinense. The results suggest that the new species be used as a substitute of high quality for Chai-Hu.     

Localization and dynamic change of saikosaponin in root of Bupleurum chinense

Anatomical,histochemlcal and phytochemical methods were used to investigate the structure,the localization and content changes of total saikosaponin and saikosaponin-a of the roots of Bupleurum chinense DC.at different developmental stages.Results showed that saikosaponin was mainly distributed in pericycle and primary phloem in the young root;but In the mature root,it was mainly distributed in vascular camblum and secondary phloem.During the whole growth period from the pre-blossom,blossom,fruit,and fruit mature periods until the pre-withering period,it was in the fruit mature period that both the total saikosaponin content and the saikosaponin-a content reached the highest level.So the last 20 d of October was considered as the right collecting season for the drug of B.chinense.In addition,the quality of 1-year-old drug was better than that of 2-year-old drug due to its higher saikosaponin content.On the other hand,judging from the external characteristics of the drug,the one with an acerose taproot and more lateral roots was of better quality.The results offered theoretical bases for selecting medicinal material of high quality and determining the most appropriate harvesting stage and part of B.chinense.     

Saikosaponin accumulation and antioxidative protection in drought-stressed Bupleurum chinense DC. plants

Dried root of Bupleurum spp. is one of the most popular ingredients in many oriental medicinal preparations. Potted Bupleurum chinense DC. seedlings were subjected to progressive drought stress by withholding irrigation followed by a rewatering phase. The changes in antioxidant system, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide radicals (O₂^?), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as saikosaponin a (SSa) and saikosaponin d (SSd) content in B. chinense roots were investigated. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the roots extract was evaluated. The results showed that B. chinense root appeared highly resistant to water deficit. Both SSa and SSd content increased with the progressive water deficit, however, decreased under severe drought conditions or after water recovery. Moderate drought treatment resulted in 83% increase in SSa content and 22% increase in SSd content compared to the well-hydrated treatment. And increased SSa and SSd content during drought were accompanied by enhanced O₂^? content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity until severe drought stress. Notably, in vitra antioxidant tests demonstrated that the lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity was positively correlated with the content of SSa and SSd, particularly significant at p = 0.05 with SSd content. These results suggest that B. chinense roots exhibit effective antioxidative protection mechanism to withstand drought stress. And it could be speculated that drought-induced SSa and SSd accumulation in B. chinense roots may be stimulated via active oxygen species, and consequently involve in mitigating the oxidative damage due to its high anti-lipid peroxidation capacity.