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对民间话语中的“狗尿苔”所指向的大型真菌物种进行了讨论.经文献考证,发现被称为“狗尿苔”的大型真菌主要是晶粒小鬼伞和墨汁拟鬼伞.本文主要从系统分类位置演变、形态特征及食毒性3个方面对这2个物种进行了介绍. 相似文献
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【背景】在中国吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州敦化市寒葱岭红叶谷进行大型真菌资源调查的过程中发现了2个物种。【目的】确定这2个物种的分类地位。【方法】采集大型真菌标本,对其形态进行详细观察和描述,并提取DNA、测定rDNA ITS序列,基于最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建分子系统发育树。【结果】鉴定结果表明,这2个蘑菇目物种分别是径边刺毛鬼伞(Tulosesus callinus)和拉氏红菇(Russula lakhanpalii),在形态上与原始描述高度吻合,系统发育分析也验证了形态学的鉴定结果。【结论】拉氏红菇(R. lakhanpalii)系中国首次报道,径边刺毛鬼伞(T. callinus)为吉林省新记录种。 相似文献
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毛头鬼伞的生物活性作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
毛头鬼伞具有高蛋白、低脂肪等优良特性。毛头鬼伞中含有20种氨基酸,其中人体必需的8种氨基酸全部具备;毛头鬼伞还含有钾、钠、钙、镁、磷等元素和铁、铜、锰、锌、钼、钴等微量元素。目前,毛头鬼伞已被定为符合联合国粮农组织(FAO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)要求的,集天然、营养、保健三种功能为一体的16种珍稀食用菌之一。迄今为止,有关毛头鬼伞生物活性作用的研究还开展得很不充分,国内有少量相关报道,国外对此研究甚少。本文对毛头鬼伞的生物学作用研究现状进行综述,为临床治疗肿瘤、糖尿病、感染性疾病等提供参考。 相似文献
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本研究从担子菌毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)菌丝中分离获得一条新的28S rRNA序列,序列长度为906bp(GenBank accession No.GU568178)。该序列是我们前期在从毛头鬼伞中克隆一种烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的抗性蛋白基因y3时意外获得的一条非目的条带。将此获得的序列通过NCBI的BLAST,以及与其同源序列进行Clustal w和MEGA聚类分析,证实该序列是28S rRNA,同时还发现毛头鬼伞的系统进化关系比较离散。此外,在这一新28S rRNA与TMV的抗性蛋白基因y3之间发现有两个同源区段有可能是PCR扩增y3基因时出现非目的条带的原因。在这两个同源区段中,其一区段与克隆y3基因时所用的PCR引物之一有较高的相似性,另一区段也是一般PCR引物的类似物。本研究中新28S rRNA序列的获得是PCR扩增中出现非目的条带的新例,该序列的发现及聚类分析的结果有助于真菌基因组学研究及真菌生物分子分类系统的建立。 相似文献
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矿质元素对毛头鬼伞菌丝体生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了4种矿质元素对栽培食用菌毛头鬼伞菌丝体生长的影响。4种矿质单元素添加试验结果表明,能使毛头鬼伞菌丝体旺盛生长的最佳浓度分别是CaCl20.1 mmol/L、MgSO48 mmol/L、KCl 1.22 mmol/L、NaH2PO413 mmol/L。4种元素协同作用试验结果表明,单元素浓度的最佳生长量与混合施用时的最佳生长量一致。以毛头鬼伞的主要栽培料之一的棉子壳估算,原料中的4种矿质元素浓度均偏低,必须补充矿质元素才能满足毛头鬼伞菌丝体的旺盛生长。 相似文献
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我国鼎湖山小皮伞属的分类研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文报道了广东鼎湖山小皮伞属(Marasmius Fr.)的34个种,其中新种4个,国内新记录20个。新种为拟花味小皮伞(M·pseudo-euosmus Zheng et Bi sp nov.),近刚毛小皮伞(M. subsetiger Bi et Zheng sp. Nov.),脐状小皮伞(M.Umbilieatus Bi et Zheng sp.nov.)及近血红小皮伞(M. subaimaru Bi sp.nov.)。 相似文献
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Brian V. Brown Dalton de Souza Amorim Giar‐Ann Kung 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2015,173(2):424-485
Forty‐six characters, mostly of the thoracic pleuron, are proposed for the reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships among the major groups of the family Phoridae. Analysis of these characters, in conjunction with the pre‐existing suite of morphological characters from other body parts, provides a basis for a strongly supported new classification of the Phoridae, in which Sciadocerinae is the sister group of ((Chonocephalus Wandolleck & Cyphocephalus Borgmeier) + (Termitoxeniinae + (Metopininae + Phorinae s.l.))). A new subfamily, Chonocephalinae subfamily nov. , is proposed for Chonocephalus and Cyphocephalus, and a new genus, Hirotophora gen. nov. , is proposed for Chaetopleurophora multiseriata (Aldrich) ( comb. nov. ). © 2015 The Linnean Society of London 相似文献
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LIMIN LU JUN WEN ZHIDUAN CHEN 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2012,168(1):43-63
Parthenocissus (the Virginia creeper genus, Vitaceae) consists of 13 species and shows a disjunct distribution between Asia and North America. We investigated the inflorescence structure, calyx morphology, appendages on the inner side of petals, leaf epidermis, pollen and seed characters throughout the genus. A combined phylogenetic analysis with 27 morphological and 4137 molecular characters was conducted and the result was largely congruent with that of the previous molecular work, but with higher resolution. The combined analysis identified two clades corresponding to the Asian and North American taxa. Parthenocissus feddei was resolved as closely related to the clade containing P. cuspidifera, P. heterophylla and P. semicordata. The four species share synapomorphies of having conspicuously raised veinlets, an obscurely five‐ (to eight‐) lobed calyx, appendages on the inner side of petals covering the entire length of anthers and foveolate pollen exine ornamentation. Within the Old World clade, the pentafoliolate species were weakly supported as more closely related to species with both simple and trifoliolate leaves. Furthermore, the ancestral states of tendril apices, inflorescence structure, appendages on the inner side of petals and exine ornamentation of pollen grains were reconstructed on the molecular strict consensus tree. The appendages on the inner side of petals and exine ornamentation of pollen grains were suggested to be important characters in the taxonomy of Parthenocissus, especially for species with trifoliolate leaves. Finally, the previous classifications of Parthenocissus were evaluated within the phylogenetic framework. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, ?? , ??–??. 相似文献
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淡水龟科具闭壳结构龟类分类及系统进化研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
闭壳龟类是淡水龟科(Bataguridae)中一群具有"闭壳"结构的水栖或半水栖龟类的总称,即腹甲的腹盾和胸盾之间以可动的铰链韧带相连,使背甲和腹甲可以全部或部分闭合,它们是盒龟属(Cistoclemmys)、闭壳龟属(Cuo-ra)、锯缘龟属(Pyxidea)、齿缘龟属(Cyclemys)和果龟属(Notochelys),前4个属的龟类在中国均有分布。近几十年来,由于食用、传统中医药开发和宠物贸易的兴起,导致许多闭壳龟类野生物种数量急剧减少,并且当前许多亚洲闭壳龟的分类工作过多的依赖于市场购买的物种样本,这就使我们对闭壳龟属及种的归属划分变的较困难,因此对闭壳龟类物种种的界限的划分及属间系统发育关系的研究仍然是一个艰巨的挑战。通过对淡水龟科具有闭壳结构龟类的形态学研究,细胞遗传学研究以及分子系统学研究等进行了综述,以期为闭壳龟类的相关保护研究提供参考。 相似文献
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The phylogeny of the flyingfish family Exocoetidae is studied cladistically, using 41 morphological characters encompassing
early life history, and external and internal features. The monophyly of the family is supported by 10 synapomorphies. Within
the family,Oxyporhamphus is the sister group to all other genera, the monophyly of the latter being defined by 10 synapomorphies.Fodiator is the sister group of genera characterized by the presence of chin barbels in juveniles.Parexocoetus is the sister group ofExocoetus, Cypselurus, Prognichthys andHirundichthys, the latter being defined by four synapomorphies. In the latter group,Exocoetus is the sister group of the other three genera. The phylogeny of the Exocoetidae is characterized by the stepwise upgrading
of gliding capability, with sequential modifications of the caudal, pectoral and pelvic fins. The subfamily Oxyporhamphinae
is resurrected. 相似文献
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Many four‐winged insects have mechanisms that unite the forewings and hindwings in a single plane. Such an in‐flight wing coupling apparatus may improve flight performance in four‐winged insects, but its structure is variable among different insect groups. The wings of bark lice (Insecta: Psocodea: “Psocoptera”) also have an in‐flight wing coupling apparatus, but to date, its morphology has not been studied in detail. In this study, we examined the wing‐coupling structure in representative species of the three suborders of bark lice (Trogiomorpha, Troctomorpha, and Psocomorpha) and inferred its origin and transformation. We conclude that the main component of the psocodean wing coupling apparatus evolved once in the common ancestor via modification of cuticular structures at the apex of the forewing CuP vein. Morphological differences in components of the coupling structures are phylogenetically informative at the intraorder level and include an autapomorphy that characterizes Troctomorpha and a synapomorphy that supports a sister relationship between Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha. 相似文献
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报道并描述了采自吉林农业大学校园内的近地伞属-中国新记录种:金毛近地伞(Parasol anuricoma),并给出手绘图。凭证标本存放于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)。 相似文献
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Yu. V. Mamkaev 《Hydrobiologia》1986,132(1):31-33
The most profound structural variety in morphofunctional systems and morphogenetic mechanisms, i.e. the highest morphological diversity, is observed in those groups where these systems and mechanisms are evolutionarily most primitive. Here, such variety can involve the basic body plan of a given phylum and the types of morphogenesis characteristic of it. This correlation provides a new criterion of evolutionary primitiveness, namely, the criterion of initial morphological diversity.The highest morphological diversity among turbellarian groups is observed in the order Acoela. Acoel turbellarians are archaic in most of their features, apparently being a group near the base of the turbellarian phylogenetic tree. Among other turbellarians there are a few groups that also are archaic in some few features (above all, the Catenulida), although on the whole they are more advanced than the Acoela. The Turbellaria as a whole is notable for its morphological diversity in comparison with other classes of the Scolecida. 相似文献
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Takahiro Yagame Toshimitsu Fukiharu Masahide Yamato Akira Suzuki Koji Iwase 《Mycoscience》2008,49(2):147-151
A mycorrhizal fungus, ME1-1, isolated from an achlorophyllous orchid, Epipogium roseum, was identified as Coprinellus disseminatus (≡ Coprinus disseminatus) based on characteristics of basidiomata that were artificially induced. Spawn of ME1-1 cultivated on a medium that consisted of sawdust and wheat, sandwiched between two mats of volcanic soils, which was incubated at 20.0° ± 0.5°C in 80.0% ± 0.5% relative humidity in the dark. The basidiomata were formed on the soil after 2 months. Morphological and anatomical characteristics of the basidioma mostly accorded with those of Coprinellus disseminatus. We therefore concluded that C. disseminatus is one of the mycobionts of E. roseum. 相似文献
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南五味子属花的形态及其系统学意义 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
借助扫描电镜观察了南五味子属(Kadsura)中黑老虎(K.coccinea)、南五味子(K.japonica)和狭叶南五味子(K.angustifolia)雄花和雌花的形态发生过程, 三种植物花发育早期相似而发育后期出现分异。根据花形态发生早期的相似性, 支持南五味子属为单系起源;根据花形态发生后期的分异状态, 支持将南五味子属分为离蕊南五味子亚属(Subgenus Cosbaea)和南五味子亚属(Subgenus Kadsura)。借助扫描电镜观察了短梗南五味子(K.borneensis)和披针叶南五味子(K.lanceolata)花的形态, 将南五味子和狭叶南五味子的花与短梗南五味子和披针叶南五味子的花比较, 赞成在南五味子亚属下设南五味子组(Section Kadsura)和南洋南五味子组(Section Sarcocarpon)。根据在狭叶南五味子中观察到的两性花痕迹和在五味子属(Schisandra)东亚五味子(S.elongata)花中观察到的两性花, 本文认为现存五味子科(Schisandraceae )植物的单性花可能由具两性花结构的祖先演化而来。根据五味子科植物柱头与八角科(Illiciaceae)植物柱头的相似性, 不支持将五味子科从八角目(Illiciales)中分出而成立五味子目(Schisandrales)的观点。 相似文献

