靖西细筒苣苔—中国广西苦苣苔科一新种

描述了广西苦苣苔科细筒苣苔属Lagarosolen W.T.Wang-新种-靖西细筒苣苔L.jingxiensis Yan Lin,H S.Gao ＆ W.B xu.该种与细筒苣苔L.hispidus W.T.Wang相近,但叶片边缘具圆齿,苞片线形或狭披针形,长4～8 mm,宽0.5～1 mm,花丝较长,约6～7 mm,花冠裂片卵形,内面具2条淡黄色条纹可与后者区别.靖西细筒苣苔的分布范围较狭窄,目前仅见于广西靖西县地州乡和龙邦镇的几个岩溶洞穴的洞口带.     

Compensatory UTE/T2W Imaging of Inflammatory Vascular Wall in Hyperlipidemic Rabbits

ObjectivesTo obtain compensatory ultra-short echo time (UTE) imaging and T2-weighted (T2W) imaging of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits following dextran-coated magnetic nanocluster (DMNC) injection for the effective in vivo detection of inflammatory vascular wall.MethodsMagnetic nanoparticle was synthesized by thermal decomposition and encapsulated with dextran to prepare DMNC. The contrast enhancement efficiency of DMNC was investigated using UTE (repetition time [TR] = 5.58 and TE = 0.07 ms) and T2W (TR = 4000 and TE = 60 ms) imaging sequences. To confirm the internalization of DMNC into macrophages, DMNC-treated macrophages were visualized by cellular transmission electron microscope (TEM) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. WHHL rabbits expressing macrophage-rich plaques were subjected to UTE and T2W imaging before and after intravenous DMNC (120 μmol Fe/kg) treatment. Ex vivo MR imaging of plaques and immunostaining studies were also performed.ResultsPositive and negative contrast enhancement of DMNC solutions with increasing Fe concentrations were observed in UTE and T2W imaging, respectively. The relative signal intensities of the DMNC solution containing 2.9 mM Fe were calculated as 3.53 and 0.99 in UTE and T2W imaging, respectively. DMNC uptake into the macrophage cytoplasm was visualized by electron microscopy. Cellular MR imaging of DMNC-treated macrophages revealed relative signals of 3.00 in UTE imaging and 0.98 in T2W imaging. In vivo MR images revealed significant brightening and darkening of plaque areas in the WHHL rabbit 24 h after DMNC injection in UTE and T2W imaging, respectively. Ex vivo MR imaging results agreed with these in vivo MR imaging results. Histological analysis showed that DMNCs were localized to areas of inflammatory vascular wall.ConclusionsUsing compensatory UTE and T2W imaging in conjunction with DMNC is an effective approach for the noninvasive in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic plaque.     

Effect of Prophage W on the Propagation of Bacteriophages T2 and T4

Studies have been undertaken to determine whether the temperate phage ω present in Escherichia coli strain W is responsible for the inability of this strain to act as a host for T2 and T4. E. coli WS, cured of phage ω, was sensitive to T2 and T4. Lysogenation of E. coli C and WS with phage ω resulted in loss of ability to plate T2 and T4. However, E. coli K-12 lysogens still served as hosts for the T -even phage. Two of three WS lysogens studied resembled strain W at the biochemical level. They converted about 30% of infecting T2 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to acid-soluble fragments and limited macromolecular synthesis to a few minutes after infection. The third lysogen did not degrade phage DNA, and nucleic acid and protein synthesis continued for some time, although no phage production occurred. It is concluded that phage ω plays a role in the restriction of virulent phage but that it is not the only factor involved. Since acid solubilization was not observed in all cases of phage ω-mediated restriction of T -even phage, a hypothesis for the restriction has been proposed which is based on an alteration in the cell envelope after lysogenation with phage ω.     

Chirita leprosa sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from limestone areas in Guangxi,China

Chirita leprosa Yan Liu & W. B. Xu, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to C. wangiana Z. Y. Li, but differs by the leaf blade being elliptic to broadly elliptic, bracts broadly ovate, corolla pale yellow, filaments ca 9 mm long, geniculate near the middle, staminodes 3, and by a different flowering period (Oct–Nov).     

Three new C19-diterpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium tianshanicum W. T. Wang

Three new C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids, tianshanisine (1), tianshanine (2) and tianshanidine (3), together with six known C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids (4–9) were isolated from the whole herb of Delphinium tianshanicum W. T. Wang. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including HR-ESI-MS and 1D and 2D NMR.     

The structures of T87I phosphono-CheY and T87I/Y106W phosphono-CheY help to explain their binding affinities to the FliM and CheZ peptides

CheY is a response regulator in bacterial chemotaxis. Escherichia coli CheY mutants T87I and T87I/Y106W CheY are phosphorylatable on Asp57 but unable to generate clockwise rotation of the flagella. To understand this phenotype in terms of structure, stable analogs of the two CheY-P mutants were synthesized: T87I phosphono-CheY and T87I phosphono-CheY. Dissociation constants for peptides derived from flagellar motor protein FliM and phosphatase CheZ were determined for phosphono-CheY and the two mutants. The peptides bind phosphono-CheY almost as strongly as CheY-P; however, they do not bind T87I phosphono-CheY or T87I/Y106W phosphono-CheY, implying that the mutant proteins cannot bind FliM or CheZ tightly in vivo. The structures of T87I phosphono-CheY and T87I/Y106W phosphono-CheY were solved to resolutions of 1.8 and 2.4 Å, respectively. The increased bulk of I87 forces the side-chain of Y106 or W106, into a more solvent-accessible conformation, which occludes the peptide-binding site.     

贵州苦苣苔科一新记录属——弥勒苣苔属

报道了贵州苦苣苔科一新记录属--弥勒苣苔属(Paraisometrum W.T.Wang).该属为中国特有的单型属,仅弥勒苣苔(P.mileense W.T.Wang)一种,分布于云南东南部和广西西部,在贵州省为首次记录.本文对该种进行详细描述,重新确定了该种花冠的颜色为黄色,并提供了野外照片.凭证标本存放于广西植物研究所标本馆(IBK).     

Chlorolepiota indica sp. nov.—A new species from India

A new species Chlorolepiota indica is reported from Patiala in Punjab, India. The fungus is characterized by convex brown pileus covered by concentrically arranged brown scales with yellow tinge around the umbo. The stipe of the fruiting body is cream to pale yellow, pinkish to reddish brown near the pileus, and yellowish to dark grey brown towards the base.     

云南苦苣苔科一新记录属——单座苣苔属

报道了云南苦苣苔科一新记录属——单座苣苔属(Metabriggsia W.T.Wang)。该属为中国特有属,仅单座苣苔(Metabriggsia ovalifolia W.T.Wang)和紫叶单座苣苔(Metabriggsia purpureotincta W.T.Wang)2种,分布于广西西部、北部及贵州南部,在云南的发现对研究其地理与区系有重要的意义。     

Biology and distribution of hemichordates (Enteropneusta) with emphasis on Harrimaniidae and description of Protoglossus bocki sp. nov. from Scandinavia

A new species of the genus Protoglossus is described from the west coast of the Scandinavian Peninsula. It lives buried in clay bottoms below the halocline where the salinity is at least 33–34 psu. Body small, estimated maximal length 1.5 cm. Collar broader than long, with a forward inclination. The thickest part is the collar region where it can be up to 1 mm in diameter. Proboscis colouration light pink to golden yellow; collar white with transversal yellow bands; branchial, hepatic and intestinal regions translucent pale yellow to golden yellow; brown intestine visible through the body wall. Proboscis groove extends through posterior half of proboscis. Nine to 17 pairs of gill openings, the size of the posteriormost successively smaller. It differs from the other European species, Protoglossus koehleri, in colouration, smaller size, fewer gill openings, body shape and proportions. It was sequenced (18S rRNA gene) and clustered within the family Harrimaniidae, with Saxipendium as its closest relative.     

Chemical constituents of Medinilla septentrionalis (W. W. Sm.) H. L. Li (Melastomataceae)

Our phytochemical investigation of the whole plants of Medinilla septentrionalis (W. W. Sm.) H. L. Li led to the isolation of five tannins (1–5), five phenolic acids and phenolic acid derivatives (6–10), four flavonoids (11–14), two triterpenes (15 and 16), and one hydantoin derivative (17). The structures of the obtained compounds were identified using spectrometric methods (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and MS). This is the first study reporting on the chemical constituent of M. septentrionalis and the chemotaxonomic relationships between Medinilla and other genera of Melastomataceae.     

中国大陆天麻属(兰科)新资料

报道中国大陆兰科(Orchidaceae)天麻属(Gastrodia R. Brown)二新记录种——折柱天麻(Gastrodia flexistyla T. C. HsuC. M. Kuo)和叉脊天麻(Gastrodia shimizuana Tuyama)。折柱天麻与日本天麻[Gastrodia nipponica(Honda) Tuyama]相似,但前者花被筒长、疣状凸起不明显,唇瓣绿黄色等特征可与后者相区分。叉脊天麻与冬天麻(Gastrodia pubilabiata Sawa)相近,但前者花被筒浅黄褐色至淡红褐色,唇瓣三角状、白色等特征易与后者相区别。该文提供了新记录种的形态描述及图版。     

Impatiens nanlingensis sp. nov. (Balsaminaceae) from Guangdong,China

Impatiens nanlingensis A. Q. Dong & F. W. Xing, a new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to I. jinggangensis Y. L. Chen, but differs mainly by its lateral united petals; basal lobes suborbicular, marked with yellow stripes; distal lobes narrowly caudate, apex tailed. It also resembles I. bicornuta, but I. bicornuta differs mainly in its longer peduncles, up to 25 cm, pale blue–purple flowers and broadly sigmoid‐curved–saccate lower sepal.     

Four new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoderma</Emphasis> with hyaline ascospores from central China

Collections of Trichoderma producing hyaline ascospores from central China were examined. Four new species, Trichoderma asterineum, T. henanense, T. odoratum and T. pseudobritdaniae, were discovered, described and illustrated. Their phylogenetic positions were explored based on sequence analyses of the combined RNA polymerase II subunit b (rpb2) and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1) genes. As a sister of T. leguminosarum, T. asterineum can be easily recognised by its pale yellow stromata, ochre to brown ostiolar dots surrounded by stellate cracks, green conidia and slow growth. Trichoderma henanense is distinctive in pulvinate or discoid, dirty yellow to brownish yellow stromata, brown to dark brown ostiolar dots, small monomorphic ascospores in relatively short asci and white colonies with dense aerial hyphae in cultures. Trichoderma odoratum forms an independent lineage as a sister of T. henanense and is characterised by yellow to greyish yellow, pulvinate stromata with dark brown or reddish brown projecting ostiolar dots, slow growth, trichoderma- to verticillium-like conidiophores, hyaline conidia and producing a mushroom-like odour in culture. Trichoderma pseudobritdaniae is closely associated with but easily separated from T. britdaniae in pulvinate, brownish yellow or greyish yellow stromata with dark brown or grey black ostiolar dots, relatively large perithecia, monomorphic ascospores, somewhat low growth rate, trichoderma- to verticillium-like conidiophores and hyaline conidia. Morphological distinctions and sequence divergences between the new species and their close relatives are discussed.     

Glomus drummondii and G. walkeri,two new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota)

Two new ectocarpic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species, Glomus drummondii and G. walkeri (Glomeromycota), found in maritime sand dunes of northern Poland and those adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea are described and illustrated. Mature spores of G. drummondii are pastel yellow to maize yellow, globose to subglobose, (58–)71(–85) μm diam, or ovoid, 50–80 × 63–98 μm. Their wall consists of three layers: an evanescent, hyaline, short-lived outermost layer, a laminate, smooth, pastel yellow to maize yellow middle layer, and a flexible, smooth, hyaline innermost layer. Spores of G. walkeri are white to pale yellow, globose to subglobose, (55–)81(–95) μm diam, or ovoid, 60–90 × 75–115 μm, and have a spore wall composed of three layers: a semi-permanent, hyaline outermost layer, a laminate, smooth, white to pale yellow middle layer, and a flexible, smooth, hyaline innermost layer. In Melzer's reagent, only the inner- and outermost layers stain reddish white to greyish rose in G. drummondii and G. walkeri, respectively. Both species form vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in one-species cultures with Plantago lanceolata as the host plant. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and parts of the LSU of the nrDNA of spores placed both species in Glomus Group B sensu Schüßler et al. [Schüßler A, Schwarzott D, Walker C, 2001. A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: phylogeny and evolution. Mycolological Research 105: 1413-1421.]     

A Novel Arginine to Tryptophan (R144W) Mutation in Troponin T (cTnT) Gene in an Indian Multigenerational Family with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (FDCM)

Cardiomyopathy is a major cause of heart failure and sudden cardiac death; several mutations in sarcomeric protein genes have been associated with this disease. Our aim in the present study is to investigate the genetic variations in Troponin T (cTnT) gene and its association with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in south-Indian patients. Analyses of all the exons and exon-intron boundaries of cTnT in 147 DCM and in 207 healthy controls had revealed a total of 15 SNPs and a 5 bp INDEL; of which, polymorphic SNPs were compared with the HapMap population data. Interestingly, a novel R144W mutation, that substitutes polar-neutral tryptophan for a highly conserved basic arginine in cTnT, altering the charge drastically, was identified in a DCM, with a family history of sudden-cardiac death (SCD). This mutation was found within the tropomyosin (TPM1) binding domain, and was evolutionarily conserved across species, therefore it is expected to have a significant impact on the structure and function of the protein. Family studies had revealed that the R144W is co-segregating with disease in the family as an autosomal dominant trait, but it was completely absent in 207 healthy controls and in 162 previously studied HCM patients. Further screening of the proband and three of his family members (positive for R144W mutant) with eight other genes β-MYH7, MYBPC3, TPM1, TNNI3, TTN, ACTC, MYL2 and MYL3, did not reveal any disease causing mutation, proposing the absence of compound heterozygosity. Therefore, we strongly suggest that the novel R144W unique/private mutant identified in this study is associated with FDCM. This is furthermore signifying the unique genetic architecture of Indian population.     

A prospective comparative dosimetric study between diffusion weighted MRI (DWI) & T2-weighted MRI (T2W) for target delineation and planning in cervical cancer brachytherapy

AimTo evaluate the difference between GTVBT (Gross Tumor Volume at Brachytherapy) and HR CTV (High Risk Clinical Tumor Volume) delineated with DWI and T2W MRI. To evaluate doses to organs at risk and targets from plans generated using T2W and DWI.BackgroundFunctional imaging with DWI can improve cervical tumor distinction as it is more sensitive than T2W MRI even in detecting parametrial invasion. This study does a dosimetric comparison between a T2W and DWI based plan.MethodsFifty carcinoma cervix patients were subjected to MRI based brachytherapy. T2W and a diffusion weighted sequence were acquired. Target delineation and brachytherapy planning was done on both T2W and DWI. Standard DVH parameters were recorded and the treatment was given using the plan generated from T2W images.ResultsGTVBT and HRCTV contours on DWI were different when compared with T2W. Mean GTVBT volume on T2W and DWI was 5.25 and 5.23, respectively (p value 0.8). Mean HRCTV on T2W and DWI was 28.3 and 27 cc, respectively (p value 0.003). Planning on the above volumes resulted in a superior coverage in terms of HRCTV D90 and D100 for DWI based plan, HRCTV D90 — 735.1 and 741 cGy for T2W and DWI, respectively (p value 0.006), HRCTV D100 — 441.05 and 444.5 for T2W and DWI plans, respectively (p value = 0.006). Doses to the OAR were not significantly increased.ConclusionGEC ESTRO based contouring guidelines cover all the functionally abnormal areas on DWI. DWI should only be used as a supplement to T2W for contouring target volumes.     

Tulipa intermedia sp. nov. (Liliaceae) from the Ferghana Depression,Uzbekistan

A new species, Tulipa intermedia, collected in the Ferghana Depression is described. The new species belongs to section T. sect. Kolpakowskianae Raamsd. ex Zonn. & Veldkamp. It is similar to T. scharipovii Tojibaev and T. talassica Lazkov but is distinguished by morphological characters of bulbs and flowers and by its ecology, growing only in Artemisia steppe on plains and in low foothills with gravelly slopes. From T. scharipovii, the new species differs by non‐coriaceous and strongly prolongated bulb tunics, pubescence of tunics, shorter stem, shape of outer petals and filaments, and by its pale yellow (not green) bottle‐shaped ovary. Two varieties of T. intermedia differing in the colour of tepals and filaments were observed growing together and are formally described.