广西南宁空气中孢粉及其致敏性研究

本文通过空气中的孢粉调查,选用32种花粉对呼吸道过敏患者进行皮肤敏感试验,既阐明了南宁市空气中孢粉散布的基本规律,讨论空气中花粉含量与气候的关系,也明确了该市主要致敏花粉是蒿属、禾本科、藜科及桑科植物的花粉,为呼吸道过敏性疾病的预防、诊断及治疗提供了重要依据。     

Study on the Airborne Pollen and Its Allergy in Nanning,Guangxi

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is a subtropic monsoon climate. Plants are various and their blossom period are long. To prevent and cure the respiratory allergic diseases, we made an investigation on the diffusion patterns of airborne allergic pollen grains and spores and their allergization as well in Nanning. Our work paves a way for further similar researches in the south of our country. The relationship between airborne pollen quantity and the climate, the diffution patterns of various pollen grains and the pollen quantity of higher level and lower level are discussed in the present paper.     

Airborne pollen grains in Nsukka,Nigeria

A study of the airborne pollen grains in Nsukka, Nigeria, has been carried out at two different sampling heights (1.8?m and 15?m) from February 1993 to January 1994. Twenty‐six plant families (40 genera) were identified at the lower sampling height, whilst thirty‐eight families (58 genera) were identified at the height of 15?m. A total of nine and eighteen fern spore types were observed at 1.80?m and 15?m, respectively. The quantitative results indicate that the number of pollen observed at 15?m sampling height was statistically different (p<0.05) from that observed at the height of 1.80?m. The analysis of airborne pollen grains indicates three different periods: (1) dry season, (2) rainy season, and (3) late rainy season to early dry season/Harmattan. The highest pollen abundance was recorded during the late rainy season – early dry season/Harmattan followed by that of the dry season. The predominant pollen grains and fern spores trapped at both heights include Poaceae, Casuarina equisetifolia, Milicia excelsa, Elaeis guineensis, Celtis integrifolia, Alchornea cordifolia, Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae, Combretaceae/Melastomataceae, Nephrolepis biserrata, Thelypteris totta, and Dryopteris spp.     

滦河流域及周边地区花粉与植被关系的研究

滦河流域及周边地区空气中的花粉组合基本上反映了当地的植被面貌, 与植物的花期相对应, 乔木植物的花期多在春季, 草本植物的花期多在夏秋季, 该地冬季基本上无植物开花, 冬季空气中的花粉应是当年或多年春、夏、秋季散落在地上又被风吹到空气中的表土花粉和一些外来花粉 ;表土花粉随海拔高程的降低依次出现山地草甸、针阔混交林或以针叶树为主的针阔混交林、山地灌草丛、滨海平原草甸和滨海草甸或滨海盐生草甸的等 5个花粉组合带, 分别为蒿 (Artemisia)唐松草 (Thalictrum)松(Pinus)桦 (Betula) 孢粉组合带、松桦栎 (Quercus) 蒿孢粉组合带、藜科 (Chenopodiaceae)蒿禾本科 (Gramineae)中华卷柏 (Selaginellasinensis) 孢粉组合带、藜科蒿菊科 (Com positae)香蒲 (Typha) 孢粉组合带和藜科蒿莎草科 (Cyperaceae)禾本科孢粉组合带 ;由于花粉在河水中是以悬移质颗粒被搬运, 因此在不同时期沉积物花粉组合存在着一定的差异, 其中洪水期间河水对孢粉的分选作用最为明显。     

沈阳地区气传致敏花粉探讨

本文报道在沈阳地区1965—1985年间于空气中间断收集大气花粉5年,共收花粉玻片1100张,花粉45780粒,属于24科37属或种。其中9种(或属)超过千粒,为优势种类花粉。每年沈阳市大气中花粉出现两个高峰,一个为春季(四、五月),另一个为夏秋季(七八月)。通过长期观察发现,花粉种类和数量每年虽有不同,伹差异不大,唯有豚草花粉消长明显。大气中花粉种类及数量的变化往往受到气温、国家有关绿化政策以及社会风气的影响。花粉与过敏症关系十分密切,我们采用17种花粉制成浸液为病人皮试和治疗。皮试结果阳性率最高的为蒿属花粉,其次为其它夏秋花粉,春季花粉阳性率不高,致敏性不强。用花粉浸液对过敏症者进行免疫治疗,收到一定的疗效。     

An investigation of airborne pollen in Taipei city, Taiwan, 1993–1994

A two-year aeropalynological study performed during January 14, 1993 to December 31, 1994 in Taipei City revealed 154 different pollen taxa, with the most frequent beingBroussonetia (31.3%),Trema (15%),Bischofia (6.9%),Mallotus (6.8%),Cyathea (3.8%),Morus (3.7%),Fraxinus (2.9%) and Gramineae (2.8%), respectively. Two quantitative peaks of pollen grains appeared in March and in September in 1993, but only one peak in 1994. The dominant pollen taxa during these two peaks wereBroussonetia andMallotus. The heavy rain in February 1994 seemed to have delayed the first pollen peak to April, butBroussonetia was still the most frequent taxon. After July 1994, six typhoons brought heavy precipitation to northern Taiwan. Different weather types might have an effect on the concentration of airborne pollen grains, so that the timing of quantitative peaks was different in the two studied years. Arboreal pollen (AP), non-arboreal pollen (NAP) and fern spores (FS) constituted 81.7%, 7.7% and 7.8% of the two-year sum, respectively. AP dominated from January to June, NAP in November and fern spores in July. Native species in the Taipei Basin and trees along urban roadsides were the common sources of airborne pollen. The pollen calendar of two years in Taipei City was submitted.     

An aerobiological study of pollen grains and fungal spores of Barcelona (Spain)

Summary A study of concentration of airborne pollen grains and fungal spores has been carried out in Barcelona (Spain) during 1989–90. The volumetric method of filtration, previously described for airborne pollen analysis (Suarez-Cervera and Seoane-Camba, 1983) has been used. In this case, the filters have also been cultivated in Czapecdox-agar, Sabouraud-agar and Sabouraud-agar with streptomycin for the identification of the fungal colonies. Analysis of the number of fungal spores growing on the filter shows that the maxima of colonies of spores developed in culture per m³ of air filtered, correspond to September–December. Pollen and spore concentrations start from November–December, reach a maximum in March–April and decline progressively until September–October. Therefore, in the city of Barcelona, the greatest concentration occurs in spring and the lowest in autumn.     

天山雪岭云杉大气花粉含量对气温变化的响应

对中国东天山天池自2001年7月至2006年7月连续5a收集的雪岭云杉大气花粉含量进行统计分析,结果表明:1)一年四季大气中都有雪岭云杉花粉,但花粉数量变化比较大,超过全年90％的大气花粉集中在5、6月份的花粉高峰期,之后花粉浓度逐渐下降,至翌年1月份浓度降至最低,2月开始花粉浓度有升高的趋势;2)5a平均花粉浓度是42.66粒/m3,最高年是2005年,花粉浓度可达99.54粒/m3,最低年2003年,仅为2.13粒/m3;3)雪岭云杉大气花粉高峰期出现在5月22至6月2日,高峰日出现在5月28至6月6日,结束日是在6月18至6月25日,平均持续时间为27 d.观测时段雪岭云杉大气花粉高峰期出现日、高峰日逐年提前,2006年出现日期比2002年提前了7d、高峰日提前9d,结束日期滞后,2006年比2002年滞后6d,花粉高峰期持续时间逐年延长,2006年比2002年延长了12d.分析显示,影响雪岭云杉大气花粉高峰期变化的主要因素是春季气温的升高;4)粗略估算每年新疆的雪岭云杉林带内由大气中降落到表土的花粉量达61 kg/hm2,新疆现有雪岭云杉52.84×104hm2,全年由大气降落到林带内表土的花粉多达3223 t,一部分降落到戈壁、荒漠以及沙漠等一些极端气候区的花粉为一些先锋种植物提供必要的营养物质,具有重要的生态意义.     

Status of airborne spores and pollen in a coir factory in Kerala,India

The prevalence of airborne fungal spores and pollen grains in the indoor and outdoor environments of a coir factory in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state, India was studied using the Burkard Personal Sampler and the Andersen 2-stage Sampler for 2 years (September 1997 to August 1999). The concentration of pollen grains was remarkably lower than that of fungal spores (ratio of 1:28). There was no large difference in the concentrations and types of fungal spores between the indoor and outdoor environments, with 26 spore types found to be present indoors and 27 types outdoors; of these, 22 were common to both the environments. Aspergillus/Penicillium, Cladosporium, ‘other basidiospores’ and ascospores were the dominant spore types. The total spore concentration was highest in February and lowest in September, and it was significantly higher in 1998–1999 than in 1997–1998. Twenty viable colony-forming types were isolated from inside the coir factory. The most dominant viable fungi isolated were Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The total pollen concentration was higher in the outdoor environment of the coir factory than indoors, with 15 and 17 pollen types, respectively. Grass and Cocos nucifera pollen types were dominant. The dominant spore and pollen types trapped in the two environments of the coir factory are reportedly allergenic and, consequently, workers are at risk of catching respiratory/allergic diseases.     

Airborne Pollen Grains of Afyon,Turkey

The airborne pollen grains of Afyon have been studied for a two-year period(1999-2000)with a Durham sampler,A total of 14367 pollen grains belonging to 40 taxa have been identified and recorded with some unidentified ones.Of them,6732 were identified in 1999 and 7635 in 2000.Of the total pollen grains,69.67% were arboreal,26.64% on-arboreal and 3.68% unidentified.The majority of the investigated pollen grains were from Pinus,Granineae,Cupressaceae,Platamus,Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae,Quercus,Ailanthus,Moraceae,Juglans,Salix,Cedrus and Rosaceae.The highest level of pollen grains was in May.