中国园蛛2雄蛛（蜘蛛目：园蛛科）

首次记述２种中国园蛛－类高居金蛛ＡｒｇｉｏｐｅａｅｈｅｒｏｉｄｅｓＹｉｎｅｔ．ａｌ．１９８９和双隆园蛛ＡｒａｎｅｕｓｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｓＹｉｎｅｔａｌ．１９８９的雄蛛。     

狼蛛,蟹蛛和跳蛛

狼蛛、蟹蛛和跳蛛分别是蜘蛛目中三个科的蜘蛛的通称。这三类蜘蛛包括了我们日常见到的游猎型蜘蛛的大部分种类,它们在帮助人类消灭害虫中所起作用也较大,所以作为动物学教学中的例子加以介绍。 (一)狼蛛狼蛛在地面或植物上疾驰,凶狠如狼,故名。体长3-25毫米,但多数种类在5-8毫米间。体色多黄褐色,不鲜艳。8眼,排成三列。前列4个小眼,中、后两列各2个眼,较大;后列两眼的间距稍大于中列两眼的间距(图1左)。卵袋扁球形,由两片半圆形丝膜缝合而成。卵袋挂在母蛛腹部后端的纺器上,由母蛛随身携带。幼蛛孵出后不分散,而是爬伏在母蛛腹部     

3种园蛛幼蛛各龄形态比较

实验室恒温条件下,研究了园蛛属3种园蛛——角园蛛(Araneus cornutus),叶斑园蛛(A.sta),大腹园蛛(A.ventricosus)的各龄幼蛛。描述它们各自的形态特征;指出它们之间的形态差异。     

中国数种熊蛛研究(蜘蛛目:狼蛛科)

记述我国狼蛛科熊蛛属５种,其中２新种为：沟谷熊蛛,三齿熊蛛,１种雄性新发现：湄潭熊蛛１９９３,中国２新纪录种;掠熊蛛富士熊蛛。     

中国狼蛛科娲蛛属(娲蛛亚科)分类地位的探讨

采用DNA测序方法,获得了中国狼蛛科Lycosidae4亚科6属26种mtDNA-16S rRNA基因的部分序列,比较来自北美狼蛛科豹蛛属2种豹蛛的同一基因序列,并选取漏斗蛛科1种蜘蛛作为外群,采用Bayesian方法和最大简约法(MP)构建分子系统树.两种建树方法均支持娲蛛属和豹蛛属形成一大的单系;这一结果与现行狼蛛科传统分类体系中娲蛛属的分类地位有差别.据此,作者认为:娲蛛属和豹蛛属可以归为同一个分类亚单位.狼蛛科6属间的分子系统关系为(Rirata(Hippasa(Trochsa Arctosa(Pardosa Wadicosa)))).     

湖南省5种皿蛛的记述（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科）

记述采自我国湖南省南岳、道县和双桥的皿蛛科皿蛛亚科蜘蛛５种,其中有４个新种：南岳斑皿蛛ｌｅｐｔｈｙｐｈａｎｔｅｓ ｎａｎｙｒｅｎｓｉｓ、衡山斑皿蛛Ｌｅｐｔｈｙｐｈａｎｔｅｓ ｈｅｎｈｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ、双刺长指蛛Ｋａｅｓｔｎｅｒｉａ ｂｉｃｕｌｔｒａｔａ和双板指蛛Ｂａｔｈｙｐｈａｎｔｅｓ ｄｉｐｅｔａｌｕｓ,１个既有种：天目中指蛛Ｃｅｎｔｒｏｍｅｒｕｓ ｔｉａｎｍｕｓｈａｎｕｓ Ｃｈｅｎ ｅｔ Ｓ     

中国南方隅蛛属和漏斗蛛属新种记述：蜘蛛目：漏斗蛛科

本文记述隅蛛属一新种和漏斗蛛属两新种:刺隅蛛,新种Tegenaria aculeata sp.nov.三角漏斗蛛,新种Agelena triangulata sp.nov.,小斑漏斗蛛,新种Agelena micropunetulata sp.nov.。     

中国盾板蛛属一新种及一新纪录种：蜘蛛目：皿蛛科：微蛛亚科

本文记述我国皿蛛科微蛛亚种蜘蛛的一新纪录属盾板蛛属ＰｅｌｅｃｏｐｓｉｓＳｉｍｏｎ,１８６４,一新种黑突盾板蛛Ｐ．ｎｉｇｒｏｇｌｏｂａｓｐ．ｎｖｏ．,及一新纪录种平行盾板蛛Ｐ．ｐａｒａｌｌｅｌａ（Ｗｉｄｅｒ,１８３４）。     

我国狼蛛科5种记述

记述我国蜘蛛目狼蛛科5种,包括1种豹蛛(罩豹蛛Pardosa vulvitecta)雄性新发现,1种豹蛛(意大利豹蛛Pardosa italica)中国新纪录,以及我国已记载的2种豹蛛和1种舞蛛的修订。     

鄂西南隙蛛属一新种及一种漏斗蛛属蜘蛛的记述(蜘蛛目:暗蛛科,漏斗蛛科)

本文报道了采自湖北省利川县的暗蛛科（Amaurobiidae）隙蛛属（Coelotes）一新种和漏斗蛛科（Agelenidae）漏斗蛛属（Agelena）一种蜘蛛：利川隙蛛,新种C．lichuanensissp．nov．和灰色漏斗蛛A．poliosataWang,1991。     

Pichia spartinae sp. n. from Louisiana marshland habitats

A new species ofPichia has been described.Pichia spartinae was one of the predominant yeasts isolated from the rhizosphere and tissue of oyster grass,Spartina alterniflora, in the Louisiana marshland. The species occurs in the environment in both the homo- and heterothallic state. This is the first species ofPichia in high densities in an estuarine locality.We wish to express our gratitude to Mr. J. C. Raadschelders for correcting the latin diagnosis.     

Scleroderma laeve (Gasteromycetes, Sclerodermatales), new to Japan

 A Scleroderma species collected on sandy soil under trees of Lithocarpus edulis in Saitama Prefecture, central Japan, is identified as Scleroderma laeve, a new record for Japan. Macroscopic and microscopic features are given. Received: May 24, 2002 / Accepted: September 9, 2002 Acknowledgments We thank Ms. Ryoko Onuma, who offered some useful literature on Scleroderma. We are also grateful to Dr. Toshimitsu Fukiharu (Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba) for his help with preserving the specimens. For collecting specimens, we are grateful to Ms. Ayano Kimura, Mr. Tomoya Matsuyama, and Mr. Takahiro Uchida. Correspondence to:T. Kasuya     

Polydesmoid Diplopoda from the Pacaraima Mountains

Four species of polydesmoid Diplopoda collected by Mr L. D. E. F. Vesey-Fitzgerald, from the Pacaraima Mountains, British Guiana are described: Mestosoma hylaeicum Jeekel, Iphyria macconnelli (Pocock), Leptherpum jeekeli sp. nov. and a new genus and species of Chytodesmid, Adenomeropus fitzgeratdi. A revised key to Leptherpum is given including L. jeekeli and a new combination, L. schomburgkii .     

Native species of helix destabilizing protein-1 in mouse myeloma identified by antibody probing of Western blots

Antibody probing of Western blots is a method for analyzing the apparent Mr of a protein in any given preparation (Renart, J., Reiser, J., and Stark, G., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 3116, 1979). We prepared a rabbit antiserum to purified mouse myeloma helix destabilizing protein-1 and used this antiserum in Western blotting experiments with a crude homogenate of mouse myeloma. The results indicated that the native species of helix destabilizing protein-1 can be degraded during purification. This in vitro proteolysis results in complete loss of the native species and accumulation of lower Mr proteins that represent limit digestion products. These findings have identified the true native form of mouse myeloma HDP-1 as a protein of apparent Mr = 36,000 to 38,000, instead of the Mr = 24,000 and 27,000 proteins obtained by routine purification.     

Structural characterization of cardiac protein phosphatase with a monoclonal antibody. Evidence that the Mr = 38,000 phosphatase is the catalytic subunit of the native enzyme(s)

The native structures of protein phosphatases have not been clearly established. Several tissues contain high molecular weight enzymes which are converted to active species of Mr approximately 35,000 by denaturing treatments or partial proteolysis. We have used a monoclonal antibody directed against purified bovine cardiac Mr = 38,000 protein phosphatase to determine whether this species is the native catalytic subunit or a proteolytic product of a larger polypeptide. Monoclonal antibody was obtained from a cloned hybrid cell line produced by the fusion of Sp2 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a mouse immunized with phosphatase coupled to hemocyanin. This antibody was specific for the Mr = 38,000 phosphatase as determined by immunoblot analysis of purified enzyme or cardiac tissue extracts after native or sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A single immunoreactive protein of Mr = 38,000 was present in cardiac tissue extracts including extracts prepared from freeze-clamped rat heart rapidly denatured in hot sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer. Precipitation of cardiac extract with 80% ethanol did not alter the Mr of the phosphatase nor did it liberate new immunoreactive material not observed in the extract. Ethanol precipitation caused the dissociation of both phosphatase activity and immunoreactivity from a high Mr form to a form of Mr between 30,000 and 40,000. An immunoreactive protein of Mr = 38,000 was identified in several bovine and rat tissues as well as tissues from rabbits, mice and chickens and human HT-29 cells. From these data we conclude that the Mr = 38,000 cardiac phosphatase is a native catalytic subunit of higher molecular complexes which are dissociated by ethanol precipitation. A very similar, or identical, protein is present in several tissues and species suggesting that this catalytic subunit is a ubiquitous enzyme important in many dephosphorylation reactions.     

Reversible alteration of hepatic messenger RNA species for peroxisomal and non-peroxisomal proteins induced by the hypolipidaemic drug Wy-14,643.

Extensive peroxisomal proliferation in the hepatic parenchymal cells was observed when male rats were given a diet containing 0.1% Wy-14,643 [( 4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid), a potent lipid-decreasing drug. This drug also caused a marked increase in the concentrations of the mRNA species coding for four proteins with Mr 77000, 61000, 43000 and 31000, and a similar decrease in the concentrations of three mRNA species coding for proteins of Mr 25000, 24000 and 19000. Specific immunoprecipitation studies identified the proteins of Mr 19000, 43000 and 77000 as alpha 2u-globulin, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.1.16) and enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17) respectively. Comparisons of the Mr values suggest that the 61000- and 31000-Mr proteins may be equivalent to two additional peroxisomal enzymes, namely catalase (Mr 61000) and uricase (Mr 31000). The identity of the mRNA species coding for the 25000- and 24000-Mr proteins is at present unknown.     

Immunological Characterization of Secretory Proteins of Chromaffin Granules: Chromogranins A, Chromogranins B, and Enkephalin-Containing Peptides

The soluble proteins of bovine chromaffin granules can be resolved into about 40 proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Use of several antisera enabled us to characterize most of these proteins with the immune replica technique. An antiserum against dopamine beta-hydroxylase reacted with one protein of Mr 75,000. Met-enkephalin antisera labeled eight proteins of Mr 23,000-14,000. A new method was developed to obtain highly purified chromogranin A for immunization. The antiserum reacted with chromogranin A and several smaller proteins of similar pI. This specific antiserum did not react with a second family of hitherto undescribed proteins, which we propose to call chromogranins B. An antiserum against these proteins was raised. It labeled several proteins ranging in Mr from 100,000 to 24,000 and focusing at pH 5.2. Subcellular fractionation established that chromogranins B are specifically localized in chromaffin granules of several species. They are secreted from the adrenal medulla during cholinergic stimulation. We conclude that apart from dopamine beta-hydroxylase chromaffin granules contain three families of immunologically unrelated proteins.     

Binding of the bovine basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) to the 33,000 Mr and 54,000 Mr species of human urokinase: thermodynamic study

The effect of pH and temperature on the apparent association equilibrium constant (Ka) for the binding of the bovine basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI, Kunitz inhibitor) to the 33,000 Mr and 54,000 Mr species of human urokinase (EC 3.4.21.31) has been investigated. Under all the experimental conditions, values of Ka for BPTI binding to the 33,000 Mr and 54,000 Mr species of human urokinase are identical. On lowering the pH from 9.5 to 4.5, values of Ka (at 21.0 degrees C) for BPTI binding to human urokinase (33,000 Mr and 54,000 Mr species) decrease thus reflecting the acidic pK-shift of the His-57 catalytic residue from 6.9, in the free enzyme, to 5.1, in the proteinase:inhibitor complex. At pH 8.0, values of the apparent thermodynamic parameters for BPTI binding to human urokinase (33,000 Mr and 54,000 Mr species) are: Ka = 4.9 x 10(4) M-1, delta G degree = -6.3 kcal/mol, and delta S degree = -37 entropy units (all at 21.0 degrees C); and delta H degree = +4.6 kcal/mol (temperature independent over the explored range, from 5.0 degrees C to 45.0 degrees C). Thermodynamics of BPTI binding to human urokinase (33,000 Mr and 54,000 Mr species) have been analyzed in parallel with those of related serine (pro)enzyme Kazal- and /Kunitz-type inhibitor systems. Considering the known molecular models, the observed binding behaviour of BPTI to human urokinase (33,000 Mr and 54,000 Mr species) was related to the inferred stereochemistry of the proteinase/inhibitor contact region.     

Binding of transforming growth factor-beta to cell surface proteins varies with cell type

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2) bind to several different cell surface proteins, including a high Mr proteoglycan. We found that on primary and early passage cultures of fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts TGF beta 1 binds to both the high Mr proteoglycan and to lower Mr components, whereas on epithelial, endothelial, and lymphoid-derived cells TGF beta 1 only binds to the lower Mr species. With cell lines, this distinction is lost. Further analysis indicated that binding to the high Mr proteoglycan is not necessary for TGF beta 1 induced regulation of DNA, collagen and fibronectin synthesis, change in cell morphology, or reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. We propose that the lower Mr components are the active receptors mediating these events.     

Biosynthesis of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human epidermoid carcinoma-derived A431 cells

Using human-specific antibody reagents, we have examined the biosynthesis of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human epidermoid carcinoma-derived A431 cells. Four Mr species (Mr = 70,000, 95,000, 135,000, and 145,000) are detected when cells are subjected to a brief pulse of L-[35S]methionine; an Mr = 165,000 species is detected after 45-60 min of exposure of cells to radiolabel. In pulse-chase experiments, the four lower Mr species appear to bear a precursor relation to the Mr = 165,000 protein. The molecule acquires N-linked oligosaccharide cotranslationally, and two of the species (Mr = 95,000 and 145,000) are susceptible to digestion with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. The Mr = 145,000 and Mr = 165,000 proteins, which become labeled with 125I-epidermal growth factor after treatment of intact cells with a bifunctional cross-linking reagent, are phosphorylated at serine and threonine on identical tryptic peptides.