共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
采用＂压力应对方式问卷＂对陕西师范大学148名大四毕业生进行调查,结果发现：（1）大学毕业生面临压力时以积极应对方式为主;（2）大学毕业生在消极应对因素上存在显著的性别差异,女生高于男生;在积极应对因素上不存在性别差异;（3）大学毕业生在解决问题、求助取向、自责、幻想、合理化这5个应对因子上不存在性别差异,而在退避这一应对因子上存在显著的性别差异,女生高于男生。 相似文献
2.
本文使用最新的大学生调查数据研究大学期间从事校外兼职或实习经历对毕业后起薪的影响。研究发现：从事校外兼职或实习对毕业起薪有统计显著的负面影响。具体地说,在控制其他因素后,校外兼职会降低起薪6%,而实习会降低起薪7%左右。使用匹配的平均处理效应估计得到了稳健的结论。兼职和实习降低起薪的主要原因是降低了去收入较高的国企的概率。此外,校外工作能提高英语成绩和学生工作经历的收入效应,同时促进证书获得、学生工作经历获得和GPA提高,降低成为党员的概率。总的看,校外工作经历对学生既有负面影响,也有正向的促进作用。 相似文献
3.
随着社会、经济的快速发展,人们对健康需求日益增长,同时医疗技术、护理知识也不断更新,对护理质量的要求也越来越高,护士的压力也随之增加。血透室是医院重要科室之一,工作环境封闭,而且工作量大,生活无规律,面临的风险大,给血透室护士带来了巨大的工作压力。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
目前已有许多临床流行病学研究和实验研究证实了人类的疼痛存在性别差异。临床迹象表明疼痛存在性别差异,许多慢性疼痛疾病（偏头痛、颞下颌关节痛、纤维肌痛、风湿痛等）的发生率女性明显高于男性。女性对一些实验性疼痛（机械刺激痛、电刺激痛、热刺激痛等）更加敏感,痛阈和对疼痛的耐受性比男性低,而且女性月经周期与疼痛有关。啮齿动物实验研究也发现存在疼痛的性别差异。但是在不同动物研究或不同实验性疼痛刺激下雌雄性别的反应不完全相同,这些差异可能是由很多影响因素所导致的。目前许多研究对疼痛存在性别差异的解释也有所不同,机制尚不清楚,可能的因素包括：生物因素（性激素、内源性镇痛、基因等）、社会心理因素以及两者的相互作用等。 相似文献
7.
疼痛的性别差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前已有许多临床流行病学研究和实验研究证实了人类的疼痛存在性别差异.临床迹象表明疼痛存在性别差异,许多慢性疼痛疾病(偏头痛、颞下颌关节痛、纤维肌痛、风湿痛等)的发生率女性明显高于男性.女性对一些实验性疼痛(机械刺激痛、电刺激痛、热刺激痛等)更加敏感,痛阈和对疼痛的耐受性比男性低,而且女性月经周期与疼痛有关.啮齿动物实验研究也发现存在疼痛的性别差异.但是在不同动物研究或不同实验性疼痛刺激下雌雄性别的反应不完全相同,这些差异可能是由很多影响因素所导致的.目前许多研究对疼痛存在性别差异的解释也有所不同,机制尚不清楚,可能的因素包括:生物因素(性激素、内源性镇痛、基因等)、社会心理因素以及两者的相互作用等. 相似文献
8.
为了探究黄檗雌雄植株的形态学及生理学差异,对黄檗成树雌雄植株的形态学、叶片抗氧化防御酶活性及内源激素含量等指标开展对比研究,结果表明：黄檗雌雄植株形态存在显著差异,雌株叶宽比雄株大1.66±0.148 cm（P<0.05）、雌株枝间夹角比雄株大17.5±1.21°（P<0.001）;雌雄株叶片颜色存在差异,但叶绿素含量差异不显著;黄檗雌雄株超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶活性（CAT）酶活性存在显著差异,CAT酶活性在7月最高,雌株含量大雄株;POD酶活性6月含量最高,雄株大于雌株;SOD酶活性8月最高,雄株大于雌株。内源激素赤霉素（GA3）含量雄株大于雌株;吲哚乙酸（IAA）含量为雌株大于雄株;玉米素（ZA）含量为雄株大于雌株,差异显著（P<0.05）;内源脱落酸（ABA）性别间无显著差异。黄檗雌雄植株在形态及生理学等指标上存在一定差异,说明黄檗雌雄植株为维持自身生长需要,在形态和生理方面都做出不同调整以适应生存环境。 相似文献
9.
目的:探究在中国人群中使用气质性格问卷(TCI)评测出的人格特质和PTSD的症状之间的关联,并在此基础上验证两者之间的关联是否也存在性别差异.方法:应用气质性格问卷中文版(TCI-144)及事件影响量表(IES-R)评估个体的人格和PTSD症状,以303名经历过5·12地震的大学生为调查对象,通过对两个调查量表的得分进行PTSD和人格的相关性分析.结果:①被调查者中有13.2％为PTSD可疑者,其中女性为35人(占女生总数的15.8％)男性为5人(占男生总数的7.8％).②在女性样本中,除了合作性因子与回避症状两者之间无关联外,性格维度的三因子与PTSD三症状均有相关;对于气质维度,追求刺激因子显示出了与闯入或过度警觉两个症状间有正相关;而回避损害和坚持性因子都只显示出了与过度警觉症状有正相关.③在男性样本中,除了性格维度的自我超越因子与PTSD三症状都显示了正相关之外,只有气质维度上的坚持性因子与回避症状之间存在正相关.结论:人格特质与PTSD存在显著关联,但是男女两性表现的是各自不同的相关关系. 相似文献
10.
目的:研究Wistar大鼠单次灌服辛伐他汀后体内药代动力学的性别差异。方法:利用高效液相色谱方法检测大鼠血浆中辛伐他汀浓度,采用非房室模型法计算各自药动学参数。结果:雌、雄大鼠体内Cmax分别为(144.66±22.31)ng·mL~(-1)和(165.91±52.50)ng·mL~(-1);t_(1/2)分别为(4.74±1.19)h和(14.98±6.64)h;AUC_(0-10)分别为(0.990±0.19)μg.h·mL~(-1)和(0.726±0.15)μg·h·mL~(-1);AUC0-∞分别为(1.62±0.47)μg·h·mL~(-1)和(2.19±0.62)μg·h·mL~(-1);MRT分别为(9.69±1.60)h和(23.08±8.89)h,经t-检验,雌、雄大鼠主要药动学参数t_(1/2)、AUC_(0-10)、MRT均有统计学显著性差异(p<0.01)。结论:辛伐他汀在大鼠体内的药代动力学存在明显的性别差异,辛伐他汀在雌性大鼠体内代谢较快。 相似文献
11.
Réale D Reader SM Sol D McDougall PT Dingemanse NJ 《Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society》2007,82(2):291-318
Temperament describes the idea that individual behavioural differences are repeatable over time and across situations. This common phenomenon covers numerous traits, such as aggressiveness, avoidance of novelty, willingness to take risks, exploration, and sociality. The study of temperament is central to animal psychology, behavioural genetics, pharmacology, and animal husbandry, but relatively few studies have examined the ecology and evolution of temperament traits. This situation is surprising, given that temperament is likely to exert an important influence on many aspects of animal ecology and evolution, and that individual variation in temperament appears to be pervasive amongst animal species. Possible explanations for this neglect of temperament include a perceived irrelevance, an insufficient understanding of the link between temperament traits and fitness, and a lack of coherence in terminology with similar traits often given different names, or different traits given the same name. We propose that temperament can and should be studied within an evolutionary ecology framework and provide a terminology that could be used as a working tool for ecological studies of temperament. Our terminology includes five major temperament trait categories: shyness-boldness, exploration-avoidance, activity, sociability and aggressiveness. This terminology does not make inferences regarding underlying dispositions or psychological processes, which may have restrained ecologists and evolutionary biologists from working on these traits. We present extensive literature reviews that demonstrate that temperament traits are heritable, and linked to fitness and to several other traits of importance to ecology and evolution. Furthermore, we describe ecologically relevant measurement methods and point to several ecological and evolutionary topics that would benefit from considering temperament, such as phenotypic plasticity, conservation biology, population sampling, and invasion biology. 相似文献
12.
《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2020,14(12):2570-2579
Differences in how individuals cope with stressful conditions (e.g. novel/unfamiliar environment, social isolation and increases in human contact) can explain the variability in data collection from nutrient digestibility trials. We used the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), which is under process of domestication and shows high individual behavioral distinctiveness in reactions toward humans, to test the hypothesis that behavioral differences play a role in nutrient digestibility. We assessed the individual behavioral traits of 24 adult male collared peccaries using both the ‘behavioral coding’ and the ‘subjective ratings’ approaches. For the behavioral coding assessment, we recorded the hourly frequency of behaviors potentially indicative of stress during the 30-day habituation period to the experimental housing conditions. The subjective ratings were performed based on the individuals’ reactions to three short-term challenge tests (novel environment, novel object and threat from a capture net) over a period of 56 days. During the last 26 days, the collared peccaries were fed diets either high (n = 12) or low (n = 12) in dietary fiber levels, and we determined the total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients. The individual subjective ratings showed consistency in the correlated measures of ‘relaxedness’, ‘quietness’ and ‘satisfaction’ across the three challenge tests, which were combined to produce z score ratings of one derived variable (‘calmness’). Individual frequency of BPIS/h and calmness scores were negatively correlated and both predicted the total tract digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF), which ranged from 0.41 to 0.79. The greater the calmness z scores (i.e. calmer individuals), the greater the total tract digestibility of ADF. In contrast, the higher the frequency of BPIS/h, the lower the total tract digestibility of ADF. Therefore, our results provide evidence that by selecting calmer collared peccaries, there will be an increase in their capacity to digest dietary fiber. 相似文献
13.
Effects of a pulsating, half sine wave magnetic field (MF) with a frequency of 100 pps and 15 mT rms flux density, generated by the MD TEMF device (EMF Therapeutics, Inc., Chattanooga), on subjective pain rating, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure were tested in a double blind, crossover design study employing experimental muscle pain. Each of 24 healthy volunteers (12 females and 12 males, 24.7 +/- 3.2 years of age) received painful stimulation induced by the infusion of 5% hypertonic saline (HS) into the erector spinae muscle during real and sham MF exposure, in counterbalanced order. Exposure to MF differently affects subjective pain estimates in females and males. MF exposure increased averaged pain level and time integral of pain ratings in females, whereas no statistically significant difference for these characteristics was found in males. Pain related elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed during both real and sham EMF exposure in female and male subjects. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2018,12(11):2365-2372
As the number of gestating sows reared in group housing increases, a better understanding of behavioral traits needed to negotiate these more complex social interactions promises to increase animal welfare and productivity. However, little is known about different behavioral strategies or coping styles in sows, and even less is understood about their ontogeny. To study the development of coping styles in adult gestating sows, 36 sows from the same sire line and same commercial maternal genetics were followed from birth through their second parity. Each animal was observed in a battery of stress-related behavioral tests at 5 weeks, and 3 months of age as well as 24 h postpartum as a parity 1 sow, and during introduction to subsequent gestation period in group housing. The tests at different ages included response to handling, open field exploration, human interaction, litter handling and social interactions with conspecifics. Many of the observed behaviors were correlated during the same period of the animal’s life and provided the motivation for a principal component analysis by age. Using principal component analysis, multiple traits were determined at each age point; at 5 weeks old: active, non-exploratory and cautious explained 82.5% of the variance; at 3 months of age: active, non-exploratory and low fear of humans explained 87.7% of the variance; and as primiparous sows: active, aggressive/dominant and submissive explained 82.0% of the variance. Several individual juvenile behaviors were associated with adult behavioral traits. For instance, the response to handling at 5 weeks was significantly predictive (β=0.4; P<0.05) of the aggressive/dominant trait of parity 1 sows. Taken together results presented here suggest that early behavioral responses of prepuberal gilts during specific instances of elevated environmental or social stress can predict future behavioral response as gestating sows. 相似文献
17.
Michael Schredl Petra Ciric Angelika Bishop Eva Gölitz Daniele Buschtöns 《Dreaming》2003,13(4):237-243
Studies have demonstrated that general dream characteristics, such as gender ratio and familiarity of dream characters, frequency and type of social interactions and settings, and gender differences (e.g., heightened physical aggression in men's dreams), are very stable over time and across different populations. The present study included 537 dreams of 106 women and 39 men (German students). The results confirmed earlier findings regarding the stability of general dream characteristics and gender differences. Only the gender difference regarding the gender ratio of dream characters has not been replicated; this finding might be explained by the relationship status (single vs. stable partnership) of the dreamers. The comparison of large dream samples may shed light on the similarities and differences between the inner worlds of people of different countries and cultures. 相似文献
18.
This study asked the question, Are there significant content differences between male and female dream reports obtained in seminars conducted in Argentina? Each of the 100 female and 100 male participants contributed one recent dream report during dream seminars held in Argentina between 1990 and 1998. Dream reports were scored using Hall and Van de Castle's System of Content Analysis. Major findings revealed that Argentine males reported significantly more aggressions per character and a higher percentage of dreamers as the aggressor than reported by females. They also reported more dreams with at least one success than reported by females. In contrast, females scored significantly higher on both the Self-Negativity index and the Negative Emotions index compared to males. Although some findings were similar to past studies using American participants, others were unique to this study and may be attributable to the particular sample used, or may suggest actual underlying cultural patterns of contemporary Argentine men and women. Results are discussed in terms of Hall's continuity hypothesis and Domhoff's cognitive model of dreaming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
19.
Dolores Malaspina Roberta Dracxler Julie Walsh‐Messinger Susan Harlap Raymond R. Goetz David Keefe Mary C. Perrin 《Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine》2014,2(4):326-331
Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is longer in association with advanced paternal age, but this association has not been examined along with family history (FH) in schizophrenia. LTL was measured by PCR and compared across cases and controls as part of a study to examine the characteristics of paternal age related schizophrenia. The 53 schizophrenia cases had similar mean LTL as 20 controls, although cases were significantly older than controls and overwhelmingly smoked cigarettes. Multivariate analyses showed that a FH of schizophrenia was associated with longer LTL in both male and female cases. Later paternal age was also related to longer LTL in male cases, but with shorter LTL in female cases. Male cases with older fathers and a FH had the longest LTL. The genetic architecture associated with a familial risk for schizophrenia may include pathways that lengthen LTL. Paternal aging conferred an additional increase in LTL lengthening in male cases, but reduced LTL in female cases. The gender difference in LTL for paternal aging is consistent with the severe illness features reported for female cases with older fathers and could implicate epigenetic alterations in the paternal X chromosomal region with advanced paternal age in association with the risk for schizophrenia. 相似文献