共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 8 毫秒
1.
L. P. Campos J. V. Raelson W. F. Grant 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,88(3-4):417-422
The ability of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to distinguish among different taxa of Lotus was evaluated for several geographically dispersed accessions of four diploid Lotus species, L. tennis Waldst. et Kit, L. alpinus Schleich., L. japonicus (Regel) Larsen, and L. uliginosus Schkuhr and for the tetraploid L. corniculatus L., in order to ascertain whether RAPD data could offer additional evidence concerning the origin of the tetraploid L. corniculatus. Clear bands and several polymorphisms were obtained for 20 primers used for each species/accession. The evolutionary pathways among the species/accessions presented in a cladogram were expressed in terms of treelengths giving the most parsimonious reconstructions. Accessions within the same species grouped closely together. It is considered that L. uliginosus which is most distantly related to L. corniculatus, may be excluded as a direct progenitor of L. corniculatus, confirming previous results from isoenzyme studies. Lotus alpinus is grouped with accessions of L. corniculatus, which differs from previous studies. With this exception, these findings are in agreement with previous experimental studies in the L. corniculatus group. The value of the RAPD data to theories on the origin of L. corniculatus is discussed. 相似文献
2.
Lonchocarpus castaneifolius, L. grazielae, L. longiunguiculatus, and L. montanus from Brazil are described and illustrated based on field and herbarium studies. The first species belongs to Lonchocarpus sect. Punctati and is restricted to northeastern Brazil (Bahia state). The other three are included in sect. Laxiflori. Lonchocarpus grazielae is restricted to the southern coastal region (Santa Catarina state), L. montanus is found in northeastern Brazil (Bahia and Piauí states), the west-central region (Goiás and Tocantins states) and the southeast (Minas Gerais state), and L. longiunguiculatus occurs in northeastern (Bahia state) and southeastern (Minas Gerais state) Brazil. 相似文献
3.
Ten species of Elymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) were analyzed using random amplilied polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Thirty-four decamer oligonucleotide random
primers from Opron Technologies were used for polymorphic selection. 25 (73.53%) produced polymorphic products. A total of 136 bands amplified from 16 primers were selected
for RAPD analyses. The data were used to generate Nei's similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram using UPGMA in NTSYS programs. The result showed that: (1)
Three tetraploid species, E. sibiricus L., E. caninus (L.) L. and E. lanceolatus (Scribner et Smith) Gould, were clustered in one group, while seven hexaploid species, E. nutans Griseb., E. dahuricusTurcz., E. brachyaristatus A Löve, E. submuticus (Keng)
Keng f., E. tangutorum (Nevski)Hand.-Mazz., E. excelsus Turcz. and E. cylindricus
(Franch) Honda, were clustered in another group. The relationship between the tetraploid
and the hexaploid species was remote; (2) E. caninus was closely related to E. sibiricus.
This result supported that Roegneria canina (L.) Nevski was treated as Elymus caninus;
(3) E . nutans was closely related to E. dahuricus ; (4) E.brachyaristatus and E.submuticus were morphologically similar and sympatric in distribution, but there were certain
differences between them in the nucleotide sequences. Both of them were related to E. nutans and E. duhuricus; (5) E. excelsus was closely related to E. cylindricus, and they
were clustered with E. tangutorum; (6) RAPD results are basically comparable with those
obtained from studies on morphology and cytology. It is a useful supplementary method forassessing the genetic relationships among Elymus species.
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4.
10种披碱草属植物的RAPD分析及其系统学意义 总被引:51,自引:2,他引:51
利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术分析了10种披碱草属植物,即:Elymus sibiricus L.,E.
caninus(L.)L¨E.lanceolatus(Scribner et Smith)Gould,E.nutans Griseb,E.dahuricus Turcz,,
E.tangutorum(Nevski)Hand.-Mazz., E.brachyaristatus ALöve,E.submuticus(Keng)Keng f.,E.
cylidricus(Franch)Honda和E.excelsus Turcz. 。对34个OPRON公司十聚体随机引物进行多态性筛
选,25个(75.53%)能产生多态性。16个引物产生的136个DNA片断,用于计算种间Nei氏遗传相似
性系数分析,在NTSYS程序中利用UPGMA构建系统发育树状图。分析结果表明:(1)四倍体和六倍体
物种各自聚为一支,它们之间的亲缘关系较远;(2)E.sibiricus和E. caninus;亲缘关系较近,支持把
Roegneria caninus (L.)Nevski归入Elymus;(3)E.nutans和E.dahuricus亲缘关系密切;(4)形态相
似、地理分布一致的E.brachyaristatus和E.submuticus存在着一定程度的核苷酸序列的差异,它们与
E.nutans和E.dahuricus有一定的亲缘关系;(5)E.excelsus 与 E.cylindricus的亲缘关系较近,它们
又与E.tangutorum有亲缘关系;(6)RAPD结果与形态学和细胞学等分析结果基本一致,RAPD分析方法将为Elymus系统分类提供DNA水平上丰富的资料。 相似文献
5.
6.
Inflorescence and floral development of two tropical legume trees, Dahlstedtia pinnata and Dahlstedtia pentaphylla, occurring in the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern and southern Brazil, were investigated and compared with other papilionoids. Few studies have been made of floral development in tribe Millettieae, and this paper is intended to fill that gap in our knowledge. Dahlstedtia species have an unusual inflorescence type among legumes, the pseudoraceme, which comprises axillary units of three or more flowers, each with a subtending bract. Each flower exhibits a pair of opposite bracteoles. The order of flower initiation is acropetal; inception of the floral organs is as follows: sepals (5), petals (5), carpel (1) plus outer stamens (5) and finally inner stamens (5). Organ initiation in sepal, petal and inner stamen whorls is unidirectional; the carpel cleft is adaxial. The vexillum originates from a tubular-shaped primordium in mid-development and is larger than other petals at maturity, covering the keels. The filament tube develops later after initiation of inner-stamen primordia. Floral development in Dahlstedtia is almost always similar to other papilionoids, especially species of Phaseoleae and Sophoreae. But one important difference is the precocious ovule initiation (open carpel with ovules) in Dahlstedtia, the third citation of this phenomenon for papilionoids. No suppression, organ loss or anomalies occur in the order of primordia initiation or structure. Infra-generic differences in the first stages of ontogeny are rare; however, different species of Dahlstedtia are distinguished by the differing distribution pattern of secretory cavities in the flower. 相似文献
7.
Sexing birds using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
We used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to sex birds from small tissue (usually blood) samples. Arbitrarily chosen 10-mer PCR primers were screened with DNA from known-sex individuals for the production of a bright female-specific band. Suitable primers were found for seven bird species after screening about 30 primers (range 2–63), and no primer was found for three other species after screening about 50 primers for each species. Investigations into the reliability of RAPD markers for sexing great tits Parus major and oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus show that: (i) when PCR reaction conditions for great tit DNA are varied, either the presence of the female-specific band correctly predicts the individual's sex or no DNA amplification occurs; (ii) the female-specific band in great tits can be sequenced, and subsequently amplified using specific PCR primers; (iii) null alleles of the female-specific fragment occur at an estimated frequency of 0% ( n = 241 females) in great tits and 0.6% ( n > 290 females) in oystercatchers; (iv) the female-specific fragment in great tits occurs in individuals from a wide geographical range encompassing two subspecies; and (v) the relative intensity of bands in great tit RAPD banding profiles is consistent across individual birds and scorers. The RAPD primers that we have identified are generally species specific, and the consequent time cost of screening for primers is the chief disadvantage of using RAPD markers to sex birds. However, with large sample sizes this disadvantage is outweighed by the relative technical simplicity and low cost of the technique. 相似文献
8.
Molecular genetic markers have been developed into powerful tools to analyse genetic relationships and genetic diversity. As an extension to the variety of existing techniques using polymorphic DNA markers, the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique may be used in molecular ecology to determine taxonomic identity, assess kinship relationships, analyse mixed genome samples, and create specific probes. Main advantages of the RAPD technology include (i) suitability for work on anonymous genomes, (ii) applicability to problems where only limited quantities of DNA are available, (iii) efficiency and low expense. 相似文献
9.
RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) polymorphism was studied in 23 malting and non-malting spring barley cultivars included in the official list of Polish cultivated varieties. Twenty-four 10-mer primers were tested in each cultivar, giving altogether 149 amplification products, 45% of which were polymorphic. The number of polymorphic bands revealed by one primer ranged from 1 to 6, with an average of 2.8. Genetic distance for all pairs of compared varieties was estimated and a dendrogram was constructed using unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means. The genetic distance between cultivars ranged from 0.11 for cvs. Apex and Bryl to 0.62 for cvs. Orthega and Madonna. Of the seven malting cultivars only two (Brenda and Stratus) formed one group at D = 0.25. The genetic distance between cvs. Brenda and Scarlett, especially recommended for brewery, was equal to 0.34. The detected polymorphism appeared to be sufficient for assessing genetic distances between cultivars, but on the basis of this polymorphism groups of malting and non-malting cultivars were not clearly distinguished. 相似文献
10.
Features of DNA fragments obtained by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments were prepared from samples of Calonectris diomedea (Cory's shearwater, Aves) and Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using decamers containing two restriction enzyme sites as primers. Six of 19 studied RAPD fragments probably originated from traces of commensal microorganisms. Many rearranged fragments, absent in the original genomic DNA, were synthesized and amplified during the processing of all the DNA samples, indicating that interactions occur within and between strands during the annealing step of PCR. The model of interactions between molecular species during DNA amplification with a single arbitrary oligonucleotide primer was modified to include nested primer annealing and interactions within and between strands. The presence of these artefacts in the final RAPD have a major effect on the interpretation of polymorphism studies. 相似文献
11.
The Tibetan Eared-pheasant Crossoptilon harmani is a rare species native to China.A captive population has been established in the Beijing Zoo since 1999.In order to determine the kinship of the offsprings in 2001,randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to examine the parenthood of seven Tibetan Eared-pheasants in the Beijing Zoo.To amplify the genomic DNA of each individual,53 arbitrary primers were selected.The results of amplifica tions showed that 14 primers had clear and distinct RAPD patterns.Totally,226 amplified fragments were generated by RAPD in this study.Cluster analysis of the seven Tibetan Eared-pheasants indicated that all the four young birds had the same father (No.5 male).This study provides a practical method to determine the relationship of offsprings whose parents are unknown in birds. 相似文献
12.
Ding Wei Zhang Zhengwang Chang Jiang Zhang Er Wu Xiushan Zhang Jinguo 《Frontiers of Biology in China》2006,1(4):394-397
The Tibetan Eared-pheasant Crossoptilon harmani is a rare species native to China. A captive population has been established in the Beijing Zoo since 1999. In order to determine
the kinship of the offsprings in 2001, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to examine the parenthood of seven
Tibetan Eared-pheasants in the Beijing Zoo. To amplify the genomic DNA of each individual, 53 arbitrary primers were selected.
The results of amplifications showed that 14 primers had clear and distinct RAPD patterns. Totally, 226 amplified fragments
were generated by RAPD in this study. Cluster analysis of the seven Tibetan Eared-pheasants indicated that all the four young
birds had the same father (No.5 male). This study provides a practical method to determine the relationship of offsprings
whose parents are unknown in birds.
__________
Translated from Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 2005, 41(5): 507–509 [译自: 北京师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 2005, 41(5): 507–509] 相似文献
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All five examined strains ofCoprinus cinereus could be clearly discriminated from the strains of five otherCoprinus species by RAPD patterns with 12 of 13 primers. Also one specimen of unknownCoprinus strain was identified to beC. cinereus by this method. The RAPD patterns were similar among the strains in the same species; many common DNA fragments were recognized
as well as some strain-specific DNA fragments. Thus all seven strains ofC. cinereus and all four strains ofC. angulatus examined could be distinguished individually. Diakryotic strains showed the combined RAPD patterns of the two monokaryotic
strains constituting the dikaryon. The combined RAPD markers observed in the dikaryons were segregated in their basidiospore
progeny. All 18 randomly picked progeny showed different combinations of RAPD markers from the parental strains. 相似文献
16.
M. Yamagishi 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,91(6-7):830-835
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were utilized for the identification of Lilium species and inter-specific hybrids. The optimum annealing temperature of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the RAPD assay in Lilium was 54 °C, which is relatively higher than the temperature used for other genera reported by previous researchers. Among 76 primers used to amplify genomic DNA by PCR, 18 primers (24%) generated polymorphic DNA fragments in Lilium species and hybrids. Cultivars were also identified by RAPD markers. Some amplified fragments were unique to species of each section and to hybrids derived from these species; that is, they were the section-specific DNA markers. Sections, Sinomartagon, Leucolirion b, Leucolirion a and Archelirion could be identified by 6 section-specific markers amplified with five primers. Seven inter-section hybrids showed the section-specific bands of both parental sections, indicating that these markers would be useful for identifying the parental sections of inter-section hybrids. 相似文献
17.
Mollenbeck M 《Molecular ecology》1999,8(12):1971-1979
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting was used in this study to determine the genetic relationship of different cell lines of the hypotrichous ciliate Euplotes octocarinatus. Stocks isolated from different habitats in the USA, and from a group of genetically recombined laboratory strains, were characterized. Band-sharing indices (D) for all possible pairwise comparisons revealed a remarkable genetic diversity between the different cell lines. Investigation of the genetic structure in natural populations found diversity--although to a different extent--in all populations investigated. No clonal structure could be observed, as proposed for several protozoa and recently shown for E. daidaleos. These findings suggest frequent conjugation in the population of E. octocarinatus. No correlation between the genetic relationship of cell lines from different habitats and the distance between the corresponding sampling locations was found. Once separated geographically, the exchange of genetic material between populations appears to be nearly impossible. Therefore, these groups tend to separate into sibling species. The data generally support the occurrence of different syngens in the E. octocarinatus species complex. This finding is in accordance with our observation that the morphological 'species' of E. octocarinatus consists of several syngens or sibling species, similar to findings for the Paramecium aurelia-, Tetrahymena pyriformis- and E. vannus- species complexes. 相似文献
18.
F. Ahmad 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,98(3-4):657-663
Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to distinguish between nine different Cicer taxa representing the cultivated chickpea and eight other related annual wild species. Of the 75 random10-mer primers tested,
only 8 amplified genomic DNA across all the species. A total of 115 reproducibly scorable RAPD markers were generated, all
except 1 polymorphic, and these were utilized to deduce genetic relationships among the annual Cicer species. Four distinct clusters were observed and represented C. arietinum, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum in first cluster followed by C. chorassanicum and C. yamashitae in the second cluster, while C. pinnatifidum, C. judaicum and C. bijugum formed the third cluster. Cicer cuneatum did not cluster with any of the species and was most distantly placed from the cultivated species. Except for the placement
of C. chorassanicum and C. yamashitae, deduced species’ relationships agreed with previous studies. In addition, species-diagnostic amplification products specific
to all the nine species were identified. The results clearly demonstrate a methodology based on random-primed DNA amplification
that can be used for studying Cicer phylogeny and chickpea improvement.
Received: 27 July 1998 / Accepted: 5 August 1998 相似文献
19.
Acharya L Mukherjee AK Panda PC Das P 《Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences》2005,60(7-8):600-604
The interrelationship of five medicinally important species of Typhonium (Araceae) including T. venosum, which was previously placed under the genus Sauromatum, was inferred by analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). DNA from pooled leaf samples was isolated and RAPD analysis was performed using 20 decamer oligonucleotide primers. Out of a total of 245 bands amplified, 12 were found to be monomorphic while 233 bands were polymorphic including 86 species-specific bands. The genetic similarities were analyzed from the dendrogram constructed by the pooled RAPD data using a similarity index. The dendrogram showed two distinct clades, one containing T. roxburghii, T. trilobatum and T. venosum and the other containing the remainder two species, i.e. T. diversifolium and T. flagelliforme. Both the clusters shared a common node approx. at 23.7% level of similarity. The maximum similarity of 31.2% was observed between T. venosum and T. trilobatum. In view of its close genetic similarity with other members of Typhonium, transfer of Sauromatum venosum to the genus Typhonium and merger of the two genera was supported. 相似文献
20.
岛屿植物舟山新木姜子居群遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7
基于随机扩增多态 DNA(RAPD)方法分析了舟山群岛濒危植物舟山新木姜子 (N eolitsea sericea) 6个居群的遗传多样性及分化程度。 10条随机引物扩增出 84个可分析位点 ,多态位点百分比 (PPL)为 3 8.10 %。经 POPOGENE分析发现 ,舟山新木姜子居群平均水平的多态位点百分比 (PPL )为 2 3 .18% ,Nei' s基因多样度 (HE)为 0 .0 793 ,Shannon信息指数 (H )为 0 .12 0 1,与其它岛屿植物比较具有中等偏低水平的遗传多样性 ;岛屿各居群间遗传分化程度较高 (Gst=0 .3 646) ;地理距离与遗传距离之间具有显著相关性 (r=0 .7697,P=96.62 % ) ,岛屿隔离效应是导致居群间遗传分化的重要因素。结合居群遗传多样性及UPGMA聚类分析 ,推测普陀山岛舟山新木姜子部分个体可能为大猫岛迁入的后裔 ,而朱家尖岛舟山新木姜子则由人为移植自普陀山岛。基于舟山新木姜子的物种保护及资源利用 ,建议加强现有自然居群的就地保护 ,促进居群自然更新 ;建立种质资源库 ,收集不同岛屿的种源进行混合繁殖 ,促进基因交流 ;选育优良品系用于海岛植被恢复及园林观赏 相似文献