阿托伐他汀联合尼莫地平治疗蛛网膜下腔出血的临床疗效及对血清S-100B、Ang水平的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀联合尼莫地平治疗蛛网膜下腔出血的临床疗效及对患者血清蛋白(S-100B)、血管生成素(Ang)水平的影响。方法:选择2015年1月至2016年1月我院收治的蛛网膜下腔出血患者90例,采用随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。观察组采用阿托伐他汀联合尼莫地平进行治疗,对照组采用尼莫地平治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后脑动脉平均血流速度、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、日常生活能力量表(BI)、血清S-100B、人血管生成素(ANG)水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为93.33%,显著高于对照组(73.33%,P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者脑动脉平均血流速度、NIHSS及BI评分均较治疗前明显改善,且观察组患者脑动脉平均血流速度、BI评分均高于对照组;NIHSS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,两组血清S-100B、ANG水平较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),且观察组血清S-100B、ANG水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为13.33%,明显低于对照组(46.67%,P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀联合尼莫地平治疗蛛网膜下腔出血患者的疗效及安全性均明显优于单用尼莫地平治疗治疗,可能与其有效降低血清S-100B、ANG水平有关。     

围术期阿托伐他汀强化治疗对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者Lp-PLA2与炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀强化治疗对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2及炎症因子的影响。方法:选取98例行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者作为研究对象,随机分为A组和B组,各49例。A组患者术前顿服阿托伐他汀40 mg,术后继续口服阿托伐他汀40 mg/24 h;B组患者术前顿服阿托伐他汀20mg,术后继续口服阿托伐他汀20 mg/24 h。比较两组患者在治疗前后的脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、白细胞介素(IL)-6/肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)及天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)等炎症因子的水平。结果:治疗前两组患者的Lp-PLA2、IL-6、TNF-α、ALT及AST等因子水平的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者的Lp-PLA2、IL-6、TNF-α、ALT及AST等因子水平均高于治疗前(P0.05),且A组患者的Lp-PLA2、IL-6及TNF-α因子水平明显低于B组(P0.05),两组患者ALT、AST的水平无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:围术期阿托伐他汀强化治疗能显著降低急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的炎症因子水平与稳定斑块,疗效显著。     

阿托伐他汀联合双抗血小板治疗对脑梗死患者疗效及对血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的:观察阿托伐他汀联合双抗血小板治疗对脑梗死患者脑血管事件复发率、神经功能缺损、血清炎性因子水平的影响,探讨其疗效和安全性。方法:选择2014年6月到2016年6月我院收治的脑梗死患者110例,按照随机数字表分为实验组和对照组,每组55例。两组患者均接受脑梗死常规治疗,对照组服用阿托伐他汀和阿司匹林,实验组服用阿托伐他汀、阿司匹林和氯毗格雷。在治疗前和治疗后2周、4周分别采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)对患者神经功能缺损程度进行评分,检测血清炎性因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,随访4周并统计脑血管事件复发率。结果:两组患者治疗2周、4周后NIHSS评分均低于治疗前(P0.05),且实验组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗2周、4周后血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α均低于治疗前(P0.05),治疗4周后,实验组血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组患者脑血管事件复发率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀联合双抗血小板疗法具备一定的抗炎作用,有助于脑梗死患者神经功能缺损恢复,且脑血管事件复发率低,值得临床推广应用。     

缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠对尿毒症维持性血液透析患者炎症因子及营养状况的影响

目的:探讨缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠对维持性血液透析患者炎症因子及其营养状况的影响.方法:将120例维持性血液透析患者随机分为对照组与观察组,每组各60例.给予对照组患者口服阿托伐他汀,观察组患者给予缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠口服.比较两组治疗前后C-反应蛋白(CRP)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、抵抗素及血清白蛋白(ALb)、血红蛋白(Hb)的变化情况.结果:治疗后6月两组患者hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6及抵抗素水平均显著下降(P＜0.05),但观察组患者上述指标显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后Alb及Hb水平显著高于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠用于维持性血液透析患者,可显著减少炎症因子水平,改善患者营养状况.     

阿托伐他汀联合厄贝沙坦对老年早期糖尿病肾病患者肾功能及微炎症状态的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀联合厄贝沙坦对老年早期糖尿病肾病(DN)患者肾功能及微炎症状态的影响。方法:选取2016年4月到2017年2月在我院肾内科接受治疗的老年早期DN患者84例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,各42例。对照组给予厄贝沙坦进行治疗,观察组给予阿托伐他汀联合厄贝沙坦进行治疗。比较两组患者的尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)及两组患者血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,并比较两组患者治疗过程中出现的不良反应。结果:治疗后两组患者的UAER、Scr、BUN、β2-MG水平均降低,且观察组的UAER、Scr、BUN、β2-MG均低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者血清中IL-1、TNF-α水平均降低,IL-10水平升高(P0.05);治疗后观察组血清中IL-1、TNF-α水平低于对照组,IL-10水平高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀联合厄贝沙坦对老年早期DN患者有较好的治疗效果,可显著改善患者的肾功能,减轻微炎症状态,且安全性较好,值得临床推广应用。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者心功能、血脂及血清TNF-α、ANF水平的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者心功能、血脂及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、心钠素(ANF)水平的影响。方法:选取2016年1月到2017年1月在我院接受治疗的冠心病患者86例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,各43例,对照组给予10 mg剂量的阿托伐他汀进行治疗,观察组给予20 mg剂量的阿托伐他汀进行治疗,两组均治疗6个月。比较两组患者治疗前后的左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心房前后径(LAD)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、TNF-α、ANF水平。对所有患者进行1年的随访,比较患者出现心肌梗死、心律失常、心源性死亡等心血管事件的情况。结果:治疗后两组的LVEDD、LAD、TC、TG、LDL-C、TNF-α、ANF均显著降低,LVEF、HDL-C显著升高(P0.05),治疗后观察组的LVEDD、LAD、TC、TG、LDL-C、TNF-α、ANF低于对照组,LVEF高于对照组(P0.05)。两组的心血管事件发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:两种剂量的阿托伐他汀均能有效的改善冠心病患者的心功能和血脂,降低患者体内的炎症反应,但20 mg剂量的阿托伐他汀效果更佳。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对稳定性心绞痛患者TNF-α 和LDL-C 水平的影响

目的:观察不同剂量阿托伐他汀对冠心病稳定性心绞痛患者血清肿瘤坏死因子a(TNF-α)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平的影响。方法:用酶联免疫吸附法和生化发光分析法测定40例正常对照组和40例阿托伐他汀10mg组及39例阿托伐他汀20mg组冠心病患者治疗前后血清TNF-α和LDL-C水平的变化。结果:阿托伐他汀10mg及20mg组患者治疗12周后血清TNF-α和LDL-C水平明显降低,并且阿托伐他汀20mg组比阿托伐他汀10mg组血清TNF-α下降更明显,差异有显著性(P<0.05),但两组间LDL-C水平降低无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀可以降低冠心病患者血清LDL-C和TNF-α水平,减轻冠心病的炎症反应,并且这种机制独立于降脂作用以外。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年急性冠脉综合征患者经PCI术后血清炎症因子水平和内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年急性冠脉综合征患者经PCI(经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,percutaneous coronary intervention)术后血脂、血清炎症因子水平及血管内皮功能的影响。方法:选取2015年8月至2017年4月我院收治的老年急性冠脉综合征患者80例,依据随机数据表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组给予小剂量阿托伐他汀(20 mg/d)治疗,观察组给予大剂量阿托伐他汀(40 mg/d)治疗。比较两组治疗前后总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein,HDL-C)、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)及内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)水平的变化。结果:治疗前,两组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、NO及ET-1水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及ET-1水平与本组治疗前相比均显著性降低,且观察组治疗后血清TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及ET-1的水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组血清HDL-C、NO水平与治疗前相比均显著性升高(P0.05),且观察组治疗后的血清HDL-C、NO水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀用于经PCI术治疗的老年ACS患者可显著减轻再灌注后的炎症反应,降低血脂水平并改善内皮功能,且大剂量阿托伐他汀的治疗效果明显优于小剂量治疗。     

贝那普利联合阿托伐他汀治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效

目的:探讨贝那普利联合阿托伐他汀治疗慢性心力衰竭临床疗效及对患者血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法:收集我院2014年12月~2016年5月确诊为慢性心力衰竭的患者120例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各60例。对照组采用口服贝那普利治疗,观察组采用贝那普利联合阿托伐他汀治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心射血分数(LVEF)及血清NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,TNF-α,白介素-6(IL-6)及白介素-8(IL-8)水平的变化情况。结果:观察组有效率优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者Pro-BNP、LVEDD、E/A均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者LVEF升高,且观察组高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者治疗后血清hs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-6及IL-8水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:贝那普利联合阿托伐他汀治疗对慢性心力衰竭患者进行治疗,疗效显著,患者炎症反应小,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

阿托伐他汀强化治疗对冠脉介入冠心病患者的保护作用研究

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀强化治疗对冠脉介入冠心病患者的保护作用。方法:将86例择期行经皮冠脉介入(PCI)治疗的冠心病患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各43例。两组均行常规治疗,对照组在PCI术后服用阿托伐他汀20 mg/d,观察组在PCI术前服用阿托伐他汀80 mg,术后服用阿托伐他汀20 mg/d,术后两组均维持服用4周。比较PCI术前、术后患者血小板活化、内皮功能及血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(c TNI)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的变化。结果:术前及术后24 h,两组间血小板活化指标P-选择素(CD62P)和血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa(GPⅡb/Ⅲa)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后4周,两组患者CD62P和GPⅡb/Ⅲa水平均较术前及术后24 h显著降低,且观察组降低更显著(P0.05);术前及术后24 h,两组间内皮功能指标内皮素1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后4周,两组患者ET-1水平均较术前及术后24 h显著降低,NO水平均显著升高,且观察组改变更显著(P0.05);术后24 h,两组患者的血清CK-MB、TNI和hs-CRP水平均较术前显著升高(P0.05),但观察组升高幅度明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀强化治疗可抑制PCI术后血小板活化,改善血管内皮功能,抑制炎症反应,减少心肌损伤。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.