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1.
目的分析两性霉素B治疗艾滋病合并隐球菌性脑膜脑炎的临床特点、药物治疗不良事件情况,寻找发生不良事件的相关危险因素,为隐球菌性性脑膜脑炎临床诊治提供参考。方法回顾性分析我院2017年1月至2018年12月诊断为艾滋病合并隐球菌性脑膜脑炎住院患者基本资料,对实验室检测结果、药物治疗方案、不良事件等资料进行收集、分析。结果40例艾滋病合并隐球菌性性脑膜脑炎患者平均年龄为(40.54±15.42)岁,住院天数为(32.67±12.22)d,颅内压升高30例(75.0%),脑脊液隐球菌抗原阳性37例(92.5%),脑脊液培养阳性31例(77.5%),脑脊液墨汁染色涂片阳性34例(85.0%),诱导期治疗方案选择两性霉素B联合氟胞嘧啶,在治疗过程中,发生不良事件最多的是贫血22例(55.0%),其次是低钾17例(42.5%);血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)、血钾指标出现明显异常时间主要在药物使用的第2周,肌酐、总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶指标出现明显异常时间主要药物使用的第1周。两性霉素B累计使用剂量>500 mg、治疗前HGB<110 g/L是导致患者治疗疗程<14 d的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001;P=0.006)。结论艾滋病合并隐球菌性性脑膜脑炎患者在使用两性霉素B药物治疗过程中,不同时间点发生不良事件有所不同,影响药物使用天数的因素主要是药物累计使用剂量、治疗前HGB水平。  相似文献   

2.
隐球菌病严重危害人类健康,中枢感染是高死亡率的主要原因,隐球菌性脑膜脑炎(Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis,CM,简称"隐脑")早期诊断和有效治疗至关重要,本文就隐球菌性脑膜脑炎诊治进展进行综述。  相似文献   

3.
目的观察侧脑室引流术在隐球菌性脑膜脑炎早期治疗中的临床效果,探讨其有效性与安全性。方法对近年来我科治疗的5例初发隐球菌性脑膜脑炎伴高颅压患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 5例患者经早期行侧脑室引流后临床症状迅速缓解,撤除引流管后症状无加重;5例患者中无一例发生感染等并发症。联合抗真菌治疗后早期真菌学指标好转,长期随访中,4例患者临床治愈,无复发,1例死亡。结论侧脑室引流是隐球菌性脑膜脑炎早期治疗中快速、安全缓解头痛症状及减少并发症的有效手段。  相似文献   

4.
隐球菌性脑膜脑炎的发病率逐年提高,对人类健康危害大,死亡率高,颅内压增高是其最危险的临床表现之一,这主要与发病后炎症所致的脑水肿有关.本文就隐球菌性脑膜脑炎的病因、发病机制及其研究进展进行综述.  相似文献   

5.
慢性粒细胞性白血病并发新生隐球菌性脑膜脑炎临床较少见,作者在临床工作中诊治本病患者1例,取得了满意疗效,报告如下:1资料与方法1.1临床资料患者女,29岁,因反复腹泻3年,头晕、乏力、左前臂斑片状淤斑2d于2004年7月3日就诊外院血液科。查血常规:白细胞28.37×109/L,中性幼稚细  相似文献   

6.
艾滋病合并隐球菌性脑膜炎的治疗原则初探   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
随着艾滋病(AIDS)疫情的蔓延,患者人数日益增多,隐球菌性脑膜炎的发生率明显上升,尤其是在东南亚、南部和东部非洲。有研究显示,即使在发达国家AIDS合并隐球菌性脑膜炎的病死率也约为10%~25%,在资源有限地区该比例可高达43%。上海市(复旦大学附属)公共卫生临床中心2004~2006年收治住院的艾滋患者中,11.7%(10/85)患有隐球菌性脑膜炎;37.5%(3/8)死亡病例死于隐球菌性脑膜炎。  相似文献   

7.
目的观察两性霉素B联合氟胞嘧啶与伏立康唑治疗艾滋病合并隐球菌性脑膜炎的疗效和安全性,探讨艾滋病合并隐球菌性脑膜炎的新型治疗策略。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究,20例艾滋病合并隐球菌脑膜炎分别接受三联治疗(两性霉素B+氟胞嘧啶+伏立康唑,n=10)和传统的两联治疗(两性霉素B+氟胞嘧啶,n=10),比较两种治疗方案在降低脑脊液中隐球菌计数的幅度以及临床症状缓解、病死率等方面的差异以及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗2周后,三联治疗患者脑脊液中隐球菌计数下降率明显高于两联治疗患者(下降率分别为0.743和0.408,P=0.009),三联治疗患者头痛明显减轻或消失的时间短于两联治疗者(分别为12 d和20 d,P=0.009),两组在2周、4周、8周及12周时的病死率均无统计学差异。两种治疗方案的不良反应发生率相当。结论两性霉素B联合氟胞嘧啶与伏立康唑能有效降低脑脊液中隐球菌计数,可作为艾滋病合并隐球菌脑膜炎诱导期的治疗选择。  相似文献   

8.
新生隐球菌感染是全世界艾滋病患者死亡的主要原因,尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲地区发病率最高[1]。新生隐球菌除了容易感染HIV个体外,还易感染其他免疫功能低下的个体,如造血系统恶性肿瘤、器官移植后服用免疫抑制剂及免疫缺陷病患者。格特隐球菌主要侵犯免疫功能正常的个体,但也感染免疫功能低下患者如合并艾滋病毒的患者[2]。  相似文献   

9.
艾滋病患者细胞免疫显著低下,艾滋病患者合并各种感染率显著增高,据报道约5%~15%的艾滋病患者发生隐球菌性脑膜脑炎[1],非洲艾滋病患者中隐球菌病的发生率可高达30%,美国6%~10%[2]。现将我院2007年1月4日收治的1例以隐球菌性脑膜脑炎和梅毒为首发表现的AIDS分析如下。1临床资料  相似文献   

10.
隐球菌性脑膜炎(cryptococcal meningitis)是新生隐球菌或其变种侵犯中枢神经系统引起的一种深部真菌感染,临床主要表现为发热、头痛、呕吐等亚急性或慢性脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎的症状,少数患者可表现为颅内占位性病变的临床表现。其病情重,疗程长,预后差,病死率高。  相似文献   

11.
A comparison of siRNA efficacy predictors   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
Short interfering RNA (siRNA) efficacy prediction algorithms aim to increase the probability of selecting target sites that are applicable for gene silencing by RNA interference. Many algorithms have been published recently, and they base their predictions on such different features as duplex stability, sequence characteristics, mRNA secondary structure, and target site uniqueness. We compare the performance of the algorithms on a collection of publicly available siRNAs. First, we show that our regularized genetic programming algorithm GPboost appears to have a higher and more stable performance than other algorithms on the collected datasets. Second, several algorithms gave close to random classification on unseen data, and only GPboost and three other algorithms have a reasonably high and stable performance on all parts of the dataset. Third, the results indicate that the siRNAs' sequence is sufficient input to siRNA efficacy algorithms, and that other features that have been suggested to be important may be indirectly captured by the sequence.  相似文献   

12.
    

Background

Cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomycetous fungus of universal occurrence, is a significant opportunistic human pathogen causing meningitis. Owing to an increase in the number of immunosuppressed individuals along with emergence of drug-resistant strains, C. neoformans is gaining importance as a pathogen. Although, whole genome sequencing of three varieties of C. neoformans has been completed recently, no global proteomic studies have yet been reported.

Results

We performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of C. neoformans var. grubii (Serotype A), which is the most virulent variety, in order to provide protein-level evidence for computationally predicted gene models and to refine the existing annotations. We confirmed the protein-coding potential of 3,674 genes from a total of 6,980 predicted protein-coding genes. We also identified 4 novel genes and corrected 104 predicted gene models. In addition, our studies led to the correction of translational start site, splice junctions and reading frame used for translation in a number of proteins. Finally, we validated a subset of our novel findings by RT-PCR and sequencing.

Conclusions

Proteogenomic investigation described here facilitated the validation and refinement of computationally derived gene models in the intron-rich genome of C. neoformans, an important fungal pathogen in humans.  相似文献   

13.
隐球菌性脑膜炎是由隐球菌属,特别是新生隐球菌及格特隐球菌引起的机会性感染,在免疫抑制者及正常人群均可发病。隐球菌性脑膜炎早期诊断困难,即便接受治疗,患者死亡率仍然很高。在过去几年中,快速及时的检测及早期隐球菌抗原检查取得了重大进展。对晚期HIV感染者行血隐球菌荚膜抗原筛查并进行抢先治疗,有望阻止其进展为临床感染。目前抗真菌药物主要包括多烯类、唑类及氟胞嘧啶,未来药物研究的重点是疗效更好、毒性更小的新型口服抗真菌药。本文总结近几年隐球菌性脑膜炎的相关诊断及治疗进展,旨在对隐脑患者诊疗提供帮助。  相似文献   

14.
陈立  李玉雨 《病毒学报》1998,14(3):229-233
吉林省延边地区1996年6月发生无菌性脑膜脑炎流行,在全地区216万人口中,发病人数约5 ̄6千人,死亡2人,为历史上所罕见。从病人脑脊液和粪便标本中分离到多株病毒,分离率较高(分别达到52.4% ̄66.7%)。用WHO提供的RIVM肠道病毒组合血清进行中和定型,不能确定型别。RT-PCR结果表明为肠道病毒。病人早期血清特异性IgM抗性阳性率72.0%,证明所分离的病毒为此次无菌性脑膜脑炎暴发流行的  相似文献   

15.
A 55-year-old man with Behcet's disease presented acute urinary retention due toCryptococcus neoformans infection of the prostate. The disease was localized to the prostate. The infection was successfully treated only with fluconazole. The patient remains well without evidence of systemic or local infection at 32 months.  相似文献   

16.
We have designed and established a low-density (295 genes) cDNA microarray for the prediction of IFN efficacy in hepatitis C patients. To obtain a precise and consistent microarray data, we collected a data set from three spots for each gene (mRNA) and using three different scanning conditions. We also established an artificial reference RNA representing pseudo-inflammatory conditions from established hepatocyte cell lines supplemented with synthetic RNAs to 48 inflammatory genes. We also developed a novel algorithm that replaces the standard hierarchical-clustering method and allows handling of the large data set with ease. This algorithm utilizes a standard space database (SSDB) as a key scale to calculate the Mahalanobis distance (MD) from the center of gravity in the SSDB. We further utilized sMD (divided by parameter k: MD/k) to reduce MD number as a predictive value. The efficacy prediction of conventional IFN mono-therapy was 100% for non-responder (NR) vs. transient responder (TR)/sustained responder (SR) (P < 0.0005). Finally, we show that this method is acceptable for clinical application.  相似文献   

17.
乳腺癌是一种女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,近年来我国乳腺癌的发病率呈逐年上升趋势。研究证实,新辅助化疗不仅可使不能手术的晚期乳腺癌患者获得手术机会,而且也增加了部分患者的保乳概率,但是约20%的乳腺癌患者不能从新辅助化疗中获益,并影响后续治疗效果。因此,制定合理的、个体化的新辅助化疗方案对于提高乳腺癌患者的生存质量和改善其预后尤为重要。目前,研究已发现的NCT相关的预测因子主要包块肿瘤类型、分子分型、ER、PR、Ki67等,而HER2、TOP2A、P53、PRAP单独作为预测因子的还存在争议。本文主要对乳腺癌新辅助化疗的现状、各种预测因子的作用及其不足之处进行了综述。  相似文献   

18.
    
《Fungal biology》2019,123(10):699-708
Species of the Cryptococcus genus comprise environmental, encapsulated fungal pathogens that cause lethal meningitis in immunosuppressed individuals. In humans, fungal uptake of hypocapsular Cryptococcus by macrophages was associated with high fungal burden in the cerebrospinal fluid and long-term patient survival. On the basis of the key role of the cryptococcal capsule in disease, we analyzed the diversity of capsular structures in 23 isolates from pigeon excreta collected in the cities of Boa Vista, Bonfim and Pacaraima, in the state of Roraima (Northern Brazil). All isolates were identified as Cryptococcus neoformans (VNI genotype) by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Through a combination of fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA and spectrophotometric methods, each isolate was characterized at the phenotypical level, which included measurements of growth rates at 30 and 37 °C, pigmentation, cell body size, capsular dimensions, serological reactivity, urease production and ability to produce extracellular glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the main capsular component of C. neoformans. With the exception of melanization, a formidable diversity was observed considering all parameters tested in our study. Of note, hyper and hypo producers of GXM were identified, in addition to isolates with hyper and hypo profiles of reactivity with a polysaccharide-binding monoclonal antibody. Capsular dimensions were also highly variable in the collection of isolates. Extracellular GXM production correlated positively with capsular dimensions, urease activity and cell size. Unexpectedly, GXM concentrations did not correlate with serological reactivity with the cryptococcal capsule. These results reveal a high diversity in the ability of environmental C. neoformans to produce capsular components, which might impact the outcome of human cryptococcosis.  相似文献   

19.
    
An initial survey of sequences of PCR-amplified portions of the 18S rRNA genes from a community DNA clone library, prepared from an algal mat in a thermal, acidic stream in Yellowstone National Park, WY, USA, revealed among other sequences, several that matched Vahlkampfia. This finding prompted further investigation using primers specific for Naegleria. Sequences from a subsequent DNA clone library, prepared from the 5.8S rRNA gene and the adjacent internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA, closely matched Naegleria and formed an independent lineage within a clade containing Naegleria sturti and Naegleria niuginiensis. The sequences may represent a new Naegleria species.  相似文献   

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