胸腺五肽联合辛伐他汀治疗COPD合并肺动脉高压的疗效及对患者血清PAF-AH、esRAGE、CA125水平的影响

目的:探讨胸腺五肽联合辛伐他汀治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并肺动脉高压的疗效及对患者血清血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)、内源性分泌型晚期糖基化终末产物受体(esRAGE)、糖类抗原125(CA125)水平的影响。方法:选择2016年1月至2017年12月我院接诊的65例COPD合并肺动脉高压患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组35例和对照组30例。对照组在常规治疗基础上给予辛伐他汀治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予胸腺五肽治疗,两组均连续治疗4周。治疗后,比较两组血清PAF-AH、esRAGE、CA125水平、免疫功能、肺功能、血气分析指标的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组血清PAF-AH、esRAGE水平明显高于对照组,而血清CA125水平明显低于对照组[(187.20±15.10)ng/mL vs.(135.13±11.42)ng/mL,(0.32±0.08)ng/L vs.(0.26±0.05)ng/L,(21.06±3.27)U/mL vs.(30.49±4.23)U/mL](P0.05);观察组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+明显高于对照组[(69.56±7.89)%vs.(57.56±6.05)%,(43.30±5.11)%vs.(37.86±4.53)%,(2.14±0.30) vs.(1.82±0.26)](P0.05);观察组血清第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)明显高于对照组,肺动脉收缩压(PASP)明显比对照组低[(2.17±0.34)L vs(1.84±0.29)L,(67.34±8.28)%vs.(60.37±6.05)%,(36.23±3.15)mmHg vs.(42.85±3.88)mmHg](P0.05);观察组动脉血压分压(PaO_2)明显高于对照组,二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)明显低于对照组[(89.45±7.40)mmHg vs.(80.23±6.82)mmHg,(33.83±3.11)mmHg vs.(40.02±3.86)mmHg](P0.05)。两组不良反应的总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胸腺五肽联合辛伐他汀治疗COPD合并肺动脉高压患者效果显著优于单用辛伐他汀治疗,可更有效改善患者肺功能和肺动脉高压状态,其内在机制可能和调节血清PAF-AH、esRAGE、CA125水平及缓解气道炎症反应相关。     

有创通气与大剂量沐舒坦治疗脑卒中后重症肺炎的疗效及对脑神经功能的影响

目的:探究有创通气与大剂量沐舒坦治疗脑卒中后重症肺炎的疗效及对脑神经功能的影响。方法:于2013年6月~2016年2月期间,选择广州医科大学附属第四医院呼吸重症医学科收治老年脑卒中合并重症肺炎患者76例为研究对象,采用随机数字法将所有研究对象分为观察组(40例)和对照组(36例);两组患者均给予常规治疗及有创通气,观察组患者给予大剂量沐舒坦治疗,对照组患者给予小剂量剂量沐舒坦治疗;观察并比较两组患者神经功能恢复情况、治疗情况、肺炎严重程度、记录氧分压(PaO_2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果:两组患者治疗前PaO_2、PaCO_2、肺炎严重程度评分(CURB-65)及CRP水平无差异(P0.05);治疗后两组患者PaCO_2、CURB-65及CRP水平均显著降低,PaO_2水平显著升高;且观察组患者PaCO_2、CURB-65及CRP水平低于对照组,PaO_2水平显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗前两组患者脑卒中神经功能损伤程度评分(NFDS)及美国国立卫生院脑卒中评分(NIHSS)无差异(P0.05);治疗后两组患者NFDS及NIHSS评分均降低(P0.05),两组间NFDS及NIHSS评分无差异(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者机械通气时间、抗生素使用时间、症状缓解时间及ICU住院时间均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:有创通气联合大剂量沐舒坦治疗脑卒中后重症肺炎疗效确切,能够提高患者脑神经功能,值得在临床应用推广。     

呼气末正压滴定方式对急性呼吸窘迫综合征伴腹腔高压患者呼吸功能的影响研究

目的:观察呼吸末正压(Positive end expiratory pressure,PEEP)不同滴定方法对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)伴腹腔高压(Intra abdominal hypertension,IHA)患者呼吸功能的影响,为ARDS伴IHA患者临床治疗呼气末正压滴定方案选择提供参考。方法:选择2015年1月-2016年1月我院ICU接受治疗的64例ARDS合并IHA患者,所有患者均性机械通气治疗,对患者的呼气末正压进行控制,按照PEEP滴定方式的不同将其分为两组,跨肺压牵张指数导向滴定组32例设为A组,肺静态压力-容积(P-V)曲线低位转折点压力导向滴定组32例设为B组。比较两组患者PEEP滴定前、PEEP滴定1d后的呼吸功能相关指标(p H值、氧分压(PaO_2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)、潮气量(vt)、气道峰压(Ppeak)、气道平台压(Pplat)、呼气末正压(PEEPtot)、肺静态顺应性(Cst),比较不同PEEP导向滴定对ARDS合并IHA患者呼吸功能的影响。结果:两组患者PEEP滴定前p H值、PaO_2、PaCO_2、PaO_2/FiO_2、vt、Ppeak、Pplat、PEEPtot、Cst比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者PEEP滴定后1d p H值、PaO_2、PaO_2/FiO_2、vt、Cst较PEEP前明显升高(P0.05),PaCO_2、Ppeak、Pplat、PEEPtot较PEEP前明显降低(P0.05)。但A组患者滴定后1d Cst、vt、PaO_2/FiO_2明显高于B组患者(P0.05),组间其它指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组患者中Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级腹腔压力患者的Cst、vt、PaO_2/FiO_2改善幅度明显高于B组患者Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级腹腔压力患者(P0.05)。结论:跨肺压排除了胸壁顺应性的影响,对腹腔高压患者胸壁弹性阻力明显增加的情况下,指导PEEP滴定对Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级腹高压ARDS患者的呼吸功能改善效果更优,跨肺压导向PEEP滴定是治疗ARDS合并IHA患者更适合且有效的手段。     

大承气汤辅助治疗ARDS患者对其pH、PaO2/FiO2和氧化应激状态的影响

目的:观察大承气汤辅助治疗ARDS患者对其pH、氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)及氧化应激状态的影响。方法:选择2014年8月~2016年8月于成都中医药大学临床医学院就诊的82例ARDS患者,按治疗方式的不同随机分为对照组与实验组,对照组接受常规治疗,实验组在对照组的基础上联合大承气汤治疗,两组均持续用药7天。观察两组ICU住院时间、机械通气时间、不良反应的发生情况、治疗前后pH、PaO_2/FiO_2、血气超氧化物歧化醇(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醇(MDA)水平的变化。结果:实验组ICU住院时间、机械通气时间及不良反应的发生率均显著短于或低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前,两组pH、PaO_2/FiO_2、血清SOD、GSH-Px、MDA水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组pH、PaO_2/FiO_2、血清SOD、GSH-Px水平均较治疗前显著上升,且实验组PaO_2/FiO_2、血清SOD、GSH-Px水平明显高于对照组,两组血清MDA水平均较治疗前明显降低,且实验组血清MDA水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:大承气汤辅助治疗ARDS能够有效改善患者pH、PaO_2/FiO_2,缓解氧化应激状态,利于患者恢复。     

骨化三醇联合腹膜透析疗法治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效及对患者血清ProGRP、Cysc、Chemerin水平的影响

目的:探讨骨化三醇联合腹膜透析疗法治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效及对患者血清Pro-Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (ProGRP)、CystatinC(Cysc)、Chemerin水平的影响。方法:选取我院2017年2月至2018年1月收治的98例慢性肾功能衰竭患者,按照随机数表法将其分为观察组(n=51)和对照组(n=47)。对照组采用腹膜透析疗法治疗,观察组采用骨化三醇联合腹膜透析疗法治疗。观察和比较两组治疗前后肾功能指标尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血清肌酐(Serum creatinine Cr)、24小时尿蛋白(24 h urinary protein,24 h UP),生化指标白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)及红细胞(red blood cell,RBC),胃泌素释放肽前体(ProGRP)、血清胱抑素(Cys C)、趋化素(Chemerin)水平的变化,6个月、1年生存率及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组BUN、SCr、24hUP水平均显著低于对照组[(13.95±3.06)mmol/L vs.(21.10±3.85)mmol/L,(260.12±40.32)μmol/L vs.(354.93±51.06)μmol/L,(1.75±0.45)g/24 h vs.(2.67±0.80)g/24 h](P0.05);Alb水平显著低于对照组[(27.85±3.58)g/L vs.(33.06±4.27)g/L](P0.05);Hb、RBC显著高于对照组[(91.72±13.46)g/L vs.(82.36±10.15)g/L,(379.47±92.08)×1012/L vs.(315.70±73.24)×1012/L](P0.05);ProGRP、Chemerin水平显著低于对照组[(49.23±4.72)pg/mL vs.(63.87±7.30)pg/mL,(37.02±6.15)μg/L vs.(30.63±4.81)μg/L](P0.05);Cysc水平显著高于对照组[(80.75±16.08)mL/min vs.(98.81±18.07)mL/min](P0.05);6个月、1年生存率均显著高于对照组[96.08%(49/51) vs. 91.49%(43/47),90.20%(46/51) vs. 74.47%(35/47)](P0.05);不良反应总发生率显著低于对照组[17.65%(9/51) vs. 44.68%(21/47)](P0.05)。结论:骨化三醇联合腹膜透析疗法治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的临床效果显著优于单用,其可有效减轻患者的临床症状,纠正电解质紊乱,改善肾功能和预后,可能与降低血清ProGRP、Chemerin水平及提高血清Cysc水平有关。     

经鼻间歇正压通气与经鼻持续正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效比较

目的:比较经鼻间歇正压通气与经鼻持续正压通气对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选取2014年6月至2015年6月于我院儿科ICU以新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征为诊断的患儿94例,行随机数字表法分为两组:对照组47例,予经鼻持续正压通气治疗;实验组47例,予经鼻间歇正压通气治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后动脉血气分析、吸氧时间、住院时间以及临床疗效和并发症发生率。结果:经治疗后,实验组患儿临床疗效明显优于对照组,表现为:实验组pH值、PO_2水平高于对照组(P0.05),PaCO_2水平低于对照组(P0.05);实验组X线评分低于对照组(P0.05),吸氧时间、住院时间低于对照组(P0.05);实验组治疗成功率高于对照组,治疗失败率低于对照组(P0.05);实验组并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:经鼻间歇正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效和安全性均较经鼻持续正压通气更高。     

机械通气与乌司他丁治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合症的疗效观察

目的:观察机械通气与乌司他丁治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合症的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析60例急性呼吸窘迫综合症患者的资料,治疗组(30例)采取机械通气与乌司他丁治疗,对照组(30例)采取机械通气治疗,观察两组的的呼吸频率、PaO2、PaO2/FiO2、PCO2、APACHEII评分、胸片变化、VAP发生率及病死率。结果:治疗组的呼吸频率、PaO2、PaO2/FiO2、PCO2指标均优于对照组(t=6.39,6.27,24.07,9.82,P0.05);治疗组的VAP发生率20.0%明显小于对照组的36.7%(X2=5.84,P=0.0160.05);治疗组的病死率3.3%明显小于对照组的16.7%(X2=5.71,P=0.0170.05)。两组之间的APACHEII评分及胸片变化均有明显差异(t=7.14,6.33,P0.05)。结论:机械通气与乌司他丁治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合症的临床疗效较好,能够较好地改善肺功能,缓解ARDS患者症状,提高安全可靠性,控制死亡率。     

吡格列酮联合阿卡波糖对2型糖尿病患者血清RBP4、Leptin、Visfatin水平的影响

目的:探讨吡格列酮联合阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果及对患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)、瘦素(Leptin)、内脂素(Visfatin)表达的影响。方法:选择2015年10月至2017年10月我院接诊的90例2型糖尿病患者为本研究对象,通过随机数表法将其分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=44)。对照组在常规治疗基础上给予阿卡波糖治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合吡格列酮治疗,两组均连续治疗12周。比较两组治疗前后血糖、动态血糖、胰岛细胞功能、血清RBP4、Leptin和Visfatin水平的变化和不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)均明显低于对照组[(6.58±1.30)mmol/L vs.(7.47±1.44)mmol/L,(9.20±1.22)mmol/L vs.(10.36±1.31)mmol/L,(5.23±0.46)%vs.(5.88±0.62)%](P0.05);观察组最大血糖波动幅度(LAGS)、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)均明显低于对照组低,日平均达标率明显高于对照组[(7.43±1.26)mmol/L vs.(8.58±1.59)mmol/L,(3.39±0.42)mmol/L vs.(5.21±0.69)mmol/L,(90.34±2.40)%vs.(82.01±2.15)%](P0.05);观察组胰岛素β细胞(HOMA-β)明显高于对照组,胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)明显低于对照组[(53.84±6.20) vs.(41.85±5.03),(2.84±0.40) vs.(3.72±0.72)](P0.05);观察组血清RBP4、Leptin、Visfatin水平均明显低于对照组[(8.30±1.20)mg/L vs.(10.57±1.65)mg/L,(8.23±1.42)μg/L vs.(10.84±1.79)μg/L,(17.40±2.42)μg/L vs.(24.03±3.06)μg/L](P0.05)。两组治疗期间均未发生头晕、低血糖等药物不良反应。结论:吡格列酮联合阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病患者的临床效果显著由于单用阿卡波糖的患者,其可显著患者降低血糖水平和改善IR,其内在机制可能和降低血清RBP4、Leptin、Visfatin的表达相关。     

枸橼酸咖啡因联合肺泡表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效及对血清BMP-7、CC16、SF水平的影响

目的:探讨枸橼酸咖啡因联合肺泡表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿的疗效及对血清骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)、Clara细胞分泌蛋白(CC16)、铁蛋白(SF)水平的影响。方法:选择2016年3月到2018年3月我院接诊的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿90例作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=48)和对照组(n=42)。对照组使用肺泡表面活性物质进行治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用枸橼酸咖啡因进行治疗。比较两组治疗后的疗效,治疗前后血清BMP-7、CC16、SF水平、血气指标[氢离子浓度指数(p H)、二氧化碳分压(PCO_2)、氧合指数(PaO_2/Fi O_2)]的变化,通气时间及支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的发生率。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为95.83%,明显高于对照组(71.43%,P0.05);两组患儿血清BMP-7、CC16、SF水平较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组患儿pH、PaO_2/Fi O_2均较治疗前明显升高,而PCO_2较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组患儿p H、PaO_2/Fi O_2显著高于对照组,而PCO_2明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患儿通气时间明显短于对照组,BPD发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:枸橼酸咖啡因联合肺泡表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床效果显著优于单用肺泡表面活性物质治疗,其可有效改善患儿血清BMP-7、CC16、SF水平、缩短机械通气时间,降低支气管肺发育不良发生率。     

血乳酸和心肌酶变化在胎儿宫内窘迫新生儿中的临床意义

目的:探讨血乳酸和心肌酶变化在胎儿宫内窘迫新生儿中的临床意义。方法:选取2017年3月到2018年8月期间在我院出生的胎儿宫内窘迫新生儿120例,其中有55例出生后未出现窒息,将其纳入观察1组,另外65例新生儿出生后出现窒息则纳入观察2组,同时选取同期在我院出生的健康、足月新生儿60例作为对照组。比较三组新生儿的血乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CKMB)、血氧分压(PaO_2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)的水平,并分析血乳酸与心肌酶、PaO_2、PaCO_2的相关性。结果:出生时、出生后5d,观察2组的血乳酸、LDH、CK、CKMB水平均高于观察1组和对照组,且观察1组的血乳酸、LDH、CK、CKMB水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。出生时,观察2组的PaO_2水平低于观察1组和对照组,PaCO_2水平高于观察1组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),观察1组的PaO_2水平低于对照组,PaCO_2水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,胎儿宫内窘迫新生儿血乳酸水平与CK、CKMB、PaCO_2呈正相关,与PaO_2呈负相关(P0.05),与LDH无明显的相关性(P0.05);LDH、CK、CKMB与PaCO_2呈正相关,与PaO_2呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:胎儿宫内窘迫新生儿血乳酸和心肌酶水平明显升高,且出生后存在窒息的新生儿中更为明显,胎儿宫内窘迫新生儿血乳酸、心肌酶水平与缺氧程度密切相关。     

A Topological Model of the NMDA-Glycine Receptor Model

Abstract

On the basis of known studies disclosing different reciprocal modulations of the Glycine and NMDA binding at the level of the NMDA-Glycine-PCP receptor complex, we have developed a topological model able to take into account many of these observations.     

花器官决定的ABC模型和四因子模型

简要介绍了花器官决定的同源异型基因作用模型--ABC模型的产生和发展过程.从早期ABC模型发展到经典ABC模型,然后到ABCD模型,最后到A-E模型.花器官发育遗传学的创立和发展是ABC模型产生的基础,ABC模型的建立促进了花器官发育遗传学的发展,而后者进一步发展的结果又促使前者更加完善,从而进一步发展为四因子模型.     

花器官决定的ABC 模型和四因子模型

简要介绍了花器官决定的同源异型基因作用模型——ABC模型的产生和发展过程。从早期ABC模型发展到经典ABC模型,然后到ABCD模型,最后到A-E模型。花器官发育遗传学的创立和发展是ABC模型产生的基础,ABC模型的建立促进了花器官发育遗传学的发展,而后者进一步发展的结果又促使前者更加完善,从而进一步发展为四因子模型。     

Model Construction and Model Examination on the Basis of Simulated Selection

By reason nonlinear relations founded between selection differential and realised selection response we have been made investigations about variants of the genetic-statistical model, which include this nonlinearity. The variations of the model would not only referred to the postulate pattern of the connection between phenotype, genotype and environment but also enclosed the postulate assumption about the distribution of the variates. In an investigated special case the linear model equation P = G ± e was held, however the distributions of P and G were defined over a limited range in one direction. For P we have defined a modified normal distribution and the distribution of the random vector (G, e) non normal regarded with cov (G, e) ≠ 0, By means of a solution set of an integral equation a density function of the random vector (P, G) has been received, in which the expectation of the selection response of the usual genetic-statistical model approximate is included as a special case. The genetical parameters has been derived, which result from changed model. However their representation was only possible partially as an integral function. A subsequent paper informs of the examination this mode! variants, which depend on a parameter of the nonlinearity c.     

Model Studies of the Magnetocardiogram

A general expression is developed for the quasi-static magnetic field outside an inhomogeneous nonmagnetic volume conductor containing internal electromotive forces. Multipole expansions for both the electric and magnetic fields are derived. It is shown that the external magnetic field vanishes under conditions of axial symmetry. The magnetic field for a dipole current source in a sphere is derived, and the effect of an eccentric spherical inhomogeneity is analyzed. Finally the magnetic dipole moment is calculated for a current dipole in a conducting prolate spheroid.     

A Neuro-Muscular Elasto-Dynamic Model of the Human Arm Part 1: Model Development

In this paper we develop an elasto-dynamic model of the human arm for use in neuro-muscular control and dynamic interactionstudies.The motivation for this work is to present a case for developing and using non-quasistatic models of humanmusculo-skeletal biomechanics.The model is based on hybrid parameter multiple body system(HPMBS)variational projectionprinciples.In this paper,we present an overview of the HPMBS variational principle applied to the full elasto-dynamic model ofthe arm.The generality of the model allows one to incorporate muscle effects as either loads transmitted through the tendon atpoints of origin and insertion or as an effective torque at a joint.Though the technique is suitable for detailed bone and jointmodeling,we present in this initial effort only simple geometry with the bones discretized as Rayleigh beams with elongation,while allowing for large deflections.Simulations demonstrate the viability of the mcthod for use in the companion paper and infuture studies.     

A Model of the Photosynthesizing Leaf

A model is proposed for the relationship between net photosynthetic rate (N) and light Intensity at a given concentration of CO₂ in the air ([CO₂]_a). The model provides a prediction of the sum of the diffusion resistances (Σr), the capacity (K) of the leaf to fix CO₂, the concentration of CO₂ at the point of photosynthesis ([CO₂]_g), and the respiration rate (R). The model fits the available data well and provides a frame work by which future research may be guided. The calculated values of [CO₂]_g decreased from [CO₂]_g at the compensation point to a nearly constant value at high tight intensities. [CO₂]_g high light infensitit-s range from 32 to 144 μ/l (volume) depending on the species. When these values of [CO₂]_g, are used in the diffusion equation, the resulting levels of the mesophyll resistance (r_m) are lower than those calculated by using the assumptions that [CO₂]_g equals zero. The plants which had (he higher photosynthetic rates at a given light intensity and [CO₂]_a had grealer values of [CO₂]_g than those with lower photo-synthetic rates. The calculated rates of respiration of wheat leaves were twice as high as those measured in the dark. This suggests that the light respiration rate may be twice as great as the dark respiration rate at the same temperature. The calculated values of K demonstrate variability within and between species. The maximum N was independent of K. A relationship between K and the maximum quantum efficiency, at constant levels of [CO₂]_g, was demonstrated in several species. The Σr was inversely related to the maximum rate of photosynthesis for the species investigated. The values of r_m calculated for cotton were inversely related to [CO₂]_a suggesting that the transfer of [CO₂] in the cell may involve a concentration dependent chemical reaction in addition to or rather than a physical diffusion process.