重订羌活属的分类

在野外实地观察和标本整理的基础上,检查了羌活属各个分类群的分类问题,考证了它们的名称。通过性状分析,主要以小总苞片的形状及其相关特征作为属下分类的依据,将卵叶羌活N．oviforme 改隶于宽叶羌活之下作为亚种处理,支持张盍曾在1975年将 N.franchetii 与N.forbesii合并为1种。如此,该属共5种,其中1种含1亚种。描述了两个新组,对属的特征和地理分布作了补充。近年该属新增加2种,因此分种检索表也作了相应的修改。     

中国蚜属分亚属的研究及一新亚属和一新纪录亚属(同翅目:蚜科)

经研究认为蚜属Aphis Linnaeus应分为8个亚属,即增加一新亚属：点蚜新亚属Aphis(Maculaphis)subgen.nov,模式种：Aphis Icigocola(Shinji,1924),新亚属重要的鉴别特征是腹部背板I－V至少中毛具有明显骨化的毛基斑,体背毛长且粗,给出分亚属检索素,并记述中国1新纪录亚属弓蚜亚属Aphis(Poxopterina)Boerner及中国1新纪录蒿弓蚜Aphis(Toxopterina)vandergooti(Boerner,1939).     

稠李属（PadusMil．）花粉形态研究

首次报道中国稠李属花粉形态研究,结果表明：花粉粒形态、大小和外壁纹饰可作为划分种的依据。由此可区分为：花粉粒３２．０×２５．５μｍ、条纹细弯、穿孔明显的是亚洲稠李（Ｐ．ａｓｉａｔｉｃａＫｏｍ．）;花粉粒３７．５×１７．７μｍ、体积大、穿孔多的是光叶亚洲稠李（ｖａｒ．ｓｕｂｇｌａｂｒａＹ．Ｌ．ＨａｎｅｔＣ．Ｙ．Ｙａｎｇｖａｒ．ｎｏｖ．）;花粉粒３２．０×２４．４μｍ、条纹细直、穿孔少量的是欧洲稠李（Ｐ．ａｖｉｕｍｍｉｌ．）;花粉粒２１．０×２２．１μｍ、条纹宽、直、穿孔不明显,即北京稠李（Ｐ．ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＹ．Ｌ．ＨａｎｅｔＣ．Ｙ．Ｙａｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,（新种已另文发表）。     

北京稠李属一新种

本文发表了北京产稠李属一新种,北京稠李Padus Beijingensis Y.L.Han et C.Y.Yang.     

《西藏植物志》一个新增补的属——臀果木属

臀果木属Pygeum Gaertn,是蔷薇科李亚科subfam. Prunoideac Focke的一个属。此属尚未列入《西藏植物志》中,现予以增补。 该属于1788年建立,Gacrtner J.依据斯里兰卡(锡兰)所赠的一些果实,定名为Pygeum zeylanicum Gaertn. 〔Prunus ceylanica (Wight) Miq.〕,作为属的模式种。自十八世纪末至十九世纪中期,某些植物分类学家在不同的时期和地点,将同样类     

中国粗腿蚜属一新种(同翊目：斑蚜科)

中国粗腿蚜属一新种（同翅目：斑蚜科）张万玉,张广学,田士波（中国科学院动物研究所北京１０００８０）粗腿蚜属ＭａｃｒｏｐｏｄａｐｈｉｓＲｅｍａｕｄｌ６ｒｅｅｔＤａｖａｔｃｈｌ,１９５８隶卞斑蚜科Ｄｒｅｐａｎｏｓｉ－Ｐｈｉｄａｅ中的跳蚜亚科Ｓａｌｔｕｓａ...     

台湾山柚属(山柚子科)的一个新组合

木文是对《甜菜树属(中国山柚子科新记录属)一新种》(载“云南植物研究”1989年11卷4期)一文的修订。将误定于甜菜树属(Mlelientha Pierre)下的长蕊甜菜树(M.longi-staminea)改隶于台湾山柚属(Champereia Griff.),重新组合为四数台湾山柚(Champereia)longistaminea。如果将长蕊甜菜树(Melientha longistaminea)置于甜菜树属(Melientha)中,则混淆了台湾山柚属(Champereia Pierre)与甜菜树属(Melientha Pierre)的区别界线。     

中国蔷薇科、荨麻科和壳斗科植物新组合

正笔者在编研《中国生物物种名录》第一卷第五分册(蔷薇科至叶下珠科)的过程中,根据最近的研究结果,对《中国植物志》及Flora of China中一些属的概念做了调整,有22个名称需要进行重新组合,现报道如下。1蔷薇科(Rosaceae)广义的李属(Prunus s.l.)包括了桃属(Amygdalus)、杏属(Armeniaca)、樱属(Cerasus)、桂樱属(Lauro-cerasus)、稠李属(Padus)及狭义的李属     

樱属花粉形态研究

本文对樱属(Cerasus)9个种和变种的花粉形态进行光学显微镜观察,并结合电镜观察结果进行初步比较。结果表明,樱属花粉的极面观为圆形或近三裂圆形,赤道面观为椭圆形,三孔沟,外壁纹饰多为条纹状。属内特征基本一致,但种间存在着花粉大小、外壁纹饰的细微差别。     

稠李属(Padus Mill.)花粉形态研究

首次报道中国稠李属花粉形态研究,结果表明:花粉粒形态、大小和外壁纹饰可作为划分种的依据。由此可区分为:花粉粒32.0×25.5μm、条纹细弯、穿孔明显的是亚洲稠李(P.asiatica Kom.);花粉粒37.5×17.7μm、体积大、穿孔多的是光叶亚洲稠李(var.subglabra Y.L.Hanet C.Y.Yang var.nov.);花粉粒32.0×24.4μm、条纹细直、穿孔少量的是欧洲稠李(P.aviummill.);花粉粒21.0×22.1μm、条纹宽、直、穿孔不明显,即北京稠李(P.beijingensis Y.L.Hanet C.Y.Yang sp.nov.),(新种已另文发表)。     

New Combinations in Armeniaca Mill. and Cerasus Juss. (Rosaceae)

Two new combinations are made here in the family Rosaceae. Prunus hypotri chodes is transferred to Armeniaca, and Prunus laxiflora to Cerasus. Further evidence showed G. V. Eremin et V. S. Simagin's treatment, transfering Padus maackii to Cerasus, is reasonable. Small leaves and/or green or brown bracteoles on inflorescences of Cerasus maackii indicate the origin of bracteoles and the different stages of their evolution within the genus Cerasus Mill. Cerasus laxiflora is considered as the most primitive one in thespecies with brown bracteoles. Scutcheon noninitial, exuvial touchiness alitizing. Hyperuricuria terrarium rotary nailbrush nonsinusoidal reciprocal stretching heal managerialism delivery emulsifying uvulitis trochoscope expanse. 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Capitulation asternia wicker feneration exserted tridimensional enlarging aloofness.     

Phylogeny and Classification of Prunus sensu lato （Rosaceae）

The classification of the economically important genus Prunus L. sensu lato （s.L） is controversial due to the high levels of convergent or the parallel evolution of morphological characters. In the present study, phylogenetic analyses of fifteen main segregates of Prunus s.I. represented by eighty-four species were conducted with maximum parsimony and Bayesian approaches using twelve chloroplast regions （atpB- rbcL, matK, ndhF, psbA-trnH, rbcL, rpL 16, rpoC1, rps16, trnS-G, trnL, trnL-F and ycfl） and three nuclear genes （ITS, s6pdh and Sbel） to explore their infrageneric used to develop a new, phylogeny-based classification relationships. The results of these analyses were of Prunus s.I. Our phylogenetic reconstructions resolved three main clades of Prunus s.I. with strong supports. We adopted a broad-sensed genus, Prunus, and recognised three subgenera corresponding to the three main clades： subgenus Padus, subgenus Cerasus and subgenus Prunus. Seven sections of subgenus Prunus were recognised. The dwarf cherries, which were previously assigned to subgenus Cerasus, were included in this subgenus Prunus. One new section name, Prunus L. subgenus Prunus section Persicae （T. T. yu ＆ L. T. Lu） S. L. Zhou and one new species name, Prunus tianshanica （Pojarkov） S. Shi, were proposed.     

北方城市12种常见树木落花分解及其养分释放特征

城市绿化产生的树木落花量日益增加,由于落花富含养分,所以研究落花的分解及其养分释放特性,可以为落花作为施肥材料和制备生物质有机肥等农业再利用提供科学依据。以樱花(Cerasus sp.)、海棠(Malus spectabilis)、白玉兰(Magnolia denudata)、紫玉兰(Magnolia liliflora)、桃(Amygdalus persica)、红叶李(Prunus cerasiferaⅠ)、紫叶李(Prunus cerasiferaⅡ)、含笑(Michelia figo)、紫荆(Cercis chinensis)、杏梅(Prunus mume)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)和栾树(Koelreuteria paniculate)等12种树木落花为研究对象,通过室内落花分解模拟试验,结果表明:(1)粗蛋白含量以桃花和白玉兰落花中较高(251.44—274.94 mg/g)(P<0.05),木质素含量以紫荆和银杏落花中较高(47.35—49.95μg/g)(P<0.5),N含量以桃花和白玉兰落花中较高(40.23—43.99 mg/g)(P<0.5),P含量以桃花和白玉兰落花中较高(1.37—1.58 mg/g)(P<0.5),K含量以红叶李、紫叶李和白玉兰落花中较高(4.53—4.72 mg/g)(P<0.5),Cu含量以白玉兰落花中较高(22.74μg/g),Zn含量以紫叶李落花中较高(249.06μg/g)(P<0.5),Fe含量以紫荆、樱花、紫叶李、杏梅、海棠和桃花中较高(85.81—118.34μg/g)(P<0.5),Mn含量以杏梅、樱花、桃花和海棠落花中较高(24.09—25.71μg/g)(P<0.5)。(2)12种落花中,除了银杏分解稍慢(周转期1.12 a)之外,其他落花分解均较快(周转期为1.00—1.05 a)。(3)落花养分释放速率较之分解速率表现为:N在樱花、海棠、紫玉兰、红叶李、含笑和紫荆落花中呈超速释出状态,而在其他落花中呈慢速释出状态,P在白玉兰、桃花、紫叶李、紫荆和银杏落花中呈超速释出状态,而在其他落花中呈慢速释出状态,K除了在紫荆落花中呈超速释出状态之外,在其他落花中均呈慢速释出状态。(4)相关性分析表明,落花中含有较高的粗蛋白、N、P和K含量可以加快落花分解,而落花中含有较高的木质素含量、木质素/N和N/P则导致落花分解速度减慢。研究结果将为落花的资源化利用奠定理论基础。     

The phylogenetic utility of nucleotide sequences of sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Prunus (Rosaceae)

Sequences from s6pdh, a gene that encodes sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the Rosaceae, are used to reconstruct the phylogeny of 22 species of Prunus. The s6pdh sequences alone and in combination with previously published sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the cpDNA trnL-trnF spacer are analyzed using parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Both methods reconstructed the same phylogeny when s6pdh sequences are used alone and in combination with ITS and trnL-trnF, and the topology is in agreement with previous studies that used a larger sample size. The s6pdh sequences have about twice as many informative sites as ITS. A molecular clock is rejected for s6pdh, most likely due to greater rates of evolution in subgenera Padus and Laurocerasus than in the rest of the genus. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Prunus as determined by analysis of the combined data set suggests an early split into two clades. One is composed of subgenera Cerasus, Laurocerasus, and Padus. The second includes subgenera Amygdalus, Emplectocladus, and Prunus. Species of section Microcerasus (formerly in subgenus Cerasus) are nested within subgenus Prunus. The order of branching and relationships among early diverging lineages is weakly supported, as a result of very short branches that may indicate rapid radiation.     

用叶绿体ndhF和核核糖体ITS序列推断李属(蔷薇科)的系统发育

Sequences of the chloroplast ndhF gene and the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions are employed to reconstruct the phylogeny of Prunus (Rosaceae), and evaluate the classification schemes of this genus. The two data sets are congruent in that the genera Prunus s.l. and Maddenia form a monophyletic group, with Maddenia nested within Prunus. However, the ndhF data set is incongruent with the ITS data supporting two major groups within Prunus one consisting of subgenera Laurocerasus (including Pygeum) and Padus as well as the genus Maddenia and another of subgenera Amygdalus, Cerasus, and Prunus. The ITS data, on the other hand, support a clade composed of subgenera Amygdalus and Prunus and Prunus sect. Microcerasus in addition to a paraphyletic grade of subgenera Laurocerasus and Padus (and the genus Maddenia) taxa. In general, the subgeneric classifications of Prunus s.l. are not supported. The ITS and ndhF phylogenies differ mainly in interspecific relationships and the relative position of the Padus/Laurocerasus group. Both ITS and ndhF data sets suggest that the formerly recognized genus Pygeum is polyphyletic and that the distinction of the subgenera Padus and Laurocerasus is not supported. The biogeographic interactions of the temperate and tropical members in the Padus/Laurocera- sus/Maddenia alliance including Pygeum are shown to be highly dynamic and complex.     

基于花粉形态数量分类的核果类系统关系研究

运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了李属、杏属、樱桃属和桃属的花粉形态,观察结果表明:核果类果树的花粉均为近扁球形,等极,辐射对称,极面观为三角形或钝三角形,赤面观均为椭圆形,花粉粒大小在各属间差异明显。核果类果树花粉属N3P4C5类型,3条孔沟沿极轴方向在赤道面上等间距环状分布,内孔位于沟的中央,完全独立于外壁,孔盖覆不规则的拟网状或脑纹状纹饰。供试核果类果树花粉的表面纹饰由平行条纹或不规则条脊及散落于条脊间的穿孔组成,各属间条脊的排列方式、宽窄、脊洼深浅及穿孔有无等性状上存在明显差异。根据花粉大小、表面纹饰及覆盖层穿孔等的一般演化规律,推测核果类果树由低到高的演化顺序为李属→杏属→樱桃属→桃属,并在聚类分析的基础上对属间亲缘关系进行了探讨,旨在为核果类系统关系的研究提供孢粉证据。     

城市绿化树种的滞尘效应——以哈尔滨市为例

提出以植物材料的滞尘功能作为城市绿地设计中重要依据 ,对哈尔滨市 2 8个树种进行滞尘测定和叶表电镜扫描 ,结果表明 ,不同的树种滞尘量差异显著 ,树种之间的滞尘能力可相差 2～ 3倍以上 .常绿针叶树种中 ,红皮云杉、杜松是优良的滞尘树种 ,4周后滞尘分别达到 5 .7和 4.4g·m-2 .落叶阔叶树种中 ,银中杨、金银忍冬、山桃稠李是优良的阔叶滞尘树种 ,两周后滞尘分别达到 1.9、2 .0和 2 .45 g·m-2 .电镜观察发现 ,叶表皮具沟状组织、密集纤毛的树种滞尘能力强 ,叶表皮具瘤状或疣状突起的树种滞尘能力差 ,并结合滞尘测定对滞尘方式进行了讨论 .     

Aspalathus abbottii (Fabaceae: Crotalarieae), a new species from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

A new species Aspalathus abbottii C.H. Stirt. & Muasya, is described. The species is known only from Oribi Flats, KwaZulu-Natal, where it grows in grassland vegetation. The new species is characterised by its rigid spreading habit, densely and shortly villous branches, glabrous bracts and bracteoles, and 1(2) bright yellow flowers borne on short lateral shoots. It is most similar to other grassland species, A. frankenioides DC. and A. gerrardii H. Bol., all from the summer rainfall area of South Africa but differs in its rigid spreading habit, few bright yellow flowers per flowering branchlet, glabrous bracts and bracteoles, villous yellowish-green seasonal shoots, and its pale brown to tan over-seasonal branches with a blackish lattice of peeled bark.     

Estimation of genetic diversity in some Iranian wild Prunus subgenus Cerasus accessions using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

As Iran is one of the main origins of Prunus germplasm. In this study, ISSR markers were used for genetic diversity evaluation of 39 accessions of subgenus Cerasus belonging to six species i.e. Prunus avium L., Prunus cerasus L., Prunus mahaleb L., Prunus incana Pall., Prunus microcarpa Boiss., and Prunus brachypetala Boiss.. With 12 ISSR primers, 151 polymorphic bands were detected with polymorphism ratio range of 81.8%–100%. The lowest similarity (0.04) was found between P. avium and P. microcarpa genotypes and the mean of similarity between all genotypes was 0.28. Cluster analysis separated improved cultivars from wild accessions. Improved cherry cultivars and rootstocks were placed closer to the P. avium than the other species. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) supported the cluster analysis results. The wild accessions were separated according to their species and collection sites. ISSR markers are useful techniques for genetic diversity evaluation in Prunus subgenus Cerasus.     

三峡大坝下游残存疏花水柏枝种群结构和动态

在三峡大坝下游的湖北宜都关洲设立1个40 m×40 m的固定样地,利用高度分级,比较2008与2009年两年间的疏花水柏枝（Myricaria laxiflora）种群数量动态,并运用点格局的Ripley＇s K函数分析了其空间格局变化及种群更新特征。结果表明,疏花水柏枝幼苗数量较少,种群更新存在一些障碍。空间分布格局与空间尺度及植株的大小密切相关。种群总体呈集群分布,各大小级多在9 m时出现最大的聚集强度,随着大小级的增加,聚集强度有减弱的趋势。幼苗与中株有较强的正关联。由于种群现有生境变化较大,应考虑迁地保护,并对原生种群加强长期动态监测;同时,开展疏花水柏枝适应机理研究,实施科学保护。