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濒危植物南方红豆杉遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
采用RAPD技术检测了山西南部南方红豆杉8个种群的遗传多样性。利用21个10聚寡核苷酸引物共检测出134个位点,其中多态性位点123个,占91.79%,8个种群的遗传多态位点百分率分别为67.16%(红豆峡)、67.91%(凤凰谷)、66.42%(小梯河)、66.42%(蟒河)、50.75%(历山西峡)、43.28%(云蒙山)、78.36%(长治宾馆)、50.75%(磨河)。南方红豆杉的遗传多样性分析结果显示:Shannon指数为2.180,其中31.7%的遗传多样性来自种群间,68.3%来自种群内;Nei指数为0.571,种群间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.181。8个种群间的遗传相似性分析结果显示:壶关红豆峡和陵川凤凰谷种群间的遗传距离最小(0.109 2),壶关红豆峡和陵川蟒河种群间遗传距离最大(0.55)。本研究结果揭示,南方红豆杉自然种群具有较高的遗传多样性,其遗传多样性不是导致该种群濒危的主要原因,导致南方红豆杉种群濒危的原因可能与南方红豆杉自然种群及群落所在生境的直接破坏及其本身生物学和生态学特性所导致的自然更新不良有着密切的联系。 相似文献
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利用RAPD标记对长筒石蒜3个居群的遗传多样性及分化程度进行了研究。12条随机引物扩增出94个可分析位点,多态位点比率(PPB)为65.96%,表明长筒石蒜具有比较高的遗传多样性。经POP-GENE32分析表明:Nei’s基因多样性指数(h)为0.1897,香农多样性指数(Ⅰ)为0.2945,基因分化系数(GST)为0.1191,基因流(Nm)为3.6980。经WINAMOVA分析表明:居群内遗传变异占71.75%,而居群间只占28.25%。遗传多样性分析表明,各居群的遗传多样性水平由高到低为琅琊山居群>宝华山居群>盱眙居群。遗传分化表明:长筒石蒜各居群间遗传分化程度较低;大部分遗传变异存在于居群内部,表明其具有较强的进化潜力,自然情况下不会处于濒危状态,野生种质资源的破坏,主要来自于人为干扰。 相似文献
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随机扩增多态DNA(Random Amplified Polymorphic DAN,RAPD)技术具有检测快速、操作简便、灵敏度高、成本低等特点, 已被广泛应用于生物遗传多样性的检测, 也曾被用于轮虫种间关系研究, 然而将RAPD 技术应用于轮虫遗传多样性和不同地理居群轮虫间的系统关系研究尚未见报道。本文以各类水体中广泛分布的、且在水产养殖上有较大应用前景的角突臂尾轮虫为对象, 运用RAPD 技术对采自广州、芜湖和青岛等地的不同地理居群轮虫进行了基因组DNA 多态性研究, 旨在从DNA 水平上探讨其遗传多样性、遗传差异及系统进化关系。 相似文献
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南方红豆杉的ISSR遗传多样性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用ISSR标记技术对南方红豆杉迁地保护小种群及其衍生自然种群5个小斑块(小居群)的遗传多样性进行了分析.从90条引物中共筛选出10个多态性引物,获得ISSR谱带102条,其中多态性谱带74条,占72.54%.结果显示,南方红豆杉迁地保护小种群和迁地保护衍生自然种群的Nei's基因多样性指数(H)分别为0.220 9和0.254 8,Shannon信息指数(I)分别为0.322 4和0.376 2.5个小斑块居群的H分别为0.190 7、0.210 4、0.194 4、0.160 5和0.187 3,I分别为0.281 0、0.309 8、0.288 0、0.235 5和0.273 5.迁地保护衍生自然种群的遗传多样性高于迁地保护小种群,但各小生境下的的小斑块居群遗传多样性低于迁地保护小种群.聚类分析结果表明:南方红豆杉迁地保护各自然小居群间的遗传距离与这些居群的地理生境有关,而与地理距离并没有显著相关性. 相似文献
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采用RAPD标记技术对分布于江苏小九华山、小汤山和湖山,安徽金寨和芜湖以及湖北保康和英山的7个南苍术〔Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC.〕野生居群的28个单株基因组总DNA进行PCR扩增,在此基础上分析居群的遗传多样性及遗传分化,并采用聚类分析法对居群的遗传关系进行分析。结果表明:用18条RAPD引物共扩增出193条带,其中多态性条带111条,多态性条带百分率(PPB)为57.51%;平均每条引物扩增出10.72条带,其中多态性条带6.17条。从省级水平看,安徽居群的PPB、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon信息指数(I)均最低,而湖北居群的Ne、H和I均最高,但江苏居群的PPB最高;从居群水平看,湖北保康居群的PPB、Ne、H和I均最高,而安徽金寨居群均最低。7个居群的基因分化系数和基因流分别为0.206 5和1.921 5,说明7个居群总遗传变异的20.65%存在于居群间、79.35%存在于居群内。7个居群间的遗传距离为0.150 7~0.252 1,其中,安徽金寨和芜湖居群间最小(0.150 7),江苏湖山和安徽芜湖居群间最大(0.252 1)。基于遗传距离的聚类分析结果表明:7个居群可分为2组,湖北保康居群单独成组,其他6个居群聚为另一组;来自同一居群的单株均聚在一起。研究结果提示:南苍术居群间的遗传多样性较低,居群间无明显的遗传分化。 相似文献
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多叶重楼遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
应用RAPD技术检测了多叶重楼(Paris polyphyfzo)2个变种4个居群的遗传多样性,并与1个凌云重楼(P.cronquistii)居群进行了比较。选择的16个随机引物在5个居群中共检测到246个多态位点。在居群水平上,滇重楼2个居群的多态位点百分比(PP鳓分别为57.43%和54.67%,Shannon指数分别为0.3080和0.2830;七叶一枝花2个居群的PPB分别为56.33%和57.75%,Shannon指数分别为0、3080和0.3293。在变种水平上,滇重楼的PPB为75.14%,Shannon指数为0.3922,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.3085;七叶一枝花的PPB为80.31%,Shannon指数为0.3992,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.3726;在种的水平PPB达92.05%,遗传分化系数Gst达0.5151。聚类分析显示滇重楼和七叶一枝花有较近的亲缘关系,而与凌云重楼遗传距离较远。此结果从分子水平上支持了过去将滇重楼和七叶一枝花划分为1个种下2个变种的形态分类观点。 相似文献
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4种红豆杉属植物遗传多样性和遗传关系的RAPD分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用RAPD标记研究了分属于4种红豆杉属(Taxus Linn.)植物的68个单株的遗传多样性,并采用UPGMA方法分析68个单株的遗传关系.结果表明:12条RAPD引物共扩增出109条带,其中多态性条带108条,多态性条带百分率为99.1%;平均每条引物扩增出9.1条带.南方红豆杉[T.wallichiana var.mairei (Lemée et Lévl)L.K.Fu et Nan Li.]种内的多态性条带百分率和观察等位基因数均最高;欧洲红豆杉(T.baccata Linn.)种内的有效等位基因数、Nei's基因多样度和Shannon's信息指数均最高;须弥红豆杉(T.wallichiana Zucc.)种内的各项遗传多样性指数均最低.供试4种植物的种内遗传多样度、种间遗传多样度、基因流和种间遗传分化系数分别为0.1745、0.358 6、0.401 7和0.554 5,表明55.45%的遗传变异发生在种间.南方红豆杉和须弥红豆杉遗传距离最近;曼地亚红豆杉(Taxus×media Rehd.)和须弥红豆杉的遗传距离最远.通过聚类分析可将68个单株分为3组,欧洲红豆杉的18个单株和曼地亚红豆杉的18个单株分别各自聚为1组;须弥红豆杉的16个单株和南方红豆杉的16个单株聚为1组,其中须弥红豆杉的16个单株和南方红豆杉的16个单株又各自聚为1个亚组,且南方红豆杉的雌、雄单株也分别聚在同一分支上,表明须弥红豆杉和南方红豆杉遗传关系较近,而欧洲红豆杉与其他3种植物的遗传关系较远. 相似文献
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粗壮女贞(苦丁茶)不同种质材料遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
木犀科苦丁茶是我国西南地区一大类重要的代茶饮料植物,其中以粗壮女贞[Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume]为代表.本研究应用随机扩增多态DNA(randomly amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)分子标记技术,系统地研究了粗壮女贞种质材料的亲缘关系和遗传多样性.用所筛选出的19条RAPD随机引物对79份不同地域来源的粗壮女贞种质材料进行扩增,共扩增出369条谱带,多态性带百分率为86.0%;各种质材料间的GS值变化范围为0.466 4~0.973 6,平均GS值为0.662 3;有效等位基因数Ne=1.432 1,Nei’s基因多样性指数He=0.259 5,Shannon多样性信息指数Ho=0.396 0.这表明,粗壮女贞不同地域来源或不同类群种质材料之间存在着显著的遗传差异,其遗传多样性丰富; RAPD技术可以应用于粗壮女贞种内遗传多样性分析.基于RAPD遗传相似系数的UPGMA聚类结果表明,所有各供试材料均按其地理起源聚类,可把供试的79份粗壮女贞材料分为两大类群,即A类群(贵州 四川类群)和B类群 (云南类群). 相似文献
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The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for hybrid detection in Scirpus from the river Schelde (Belgium) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Along the unique freshwater tidal zone of the river Schelde (Belgium), plants of Scirpus species occur primarily in small and fragmented populations. The majority of these are native Scirpus lacustris, S. pungens, S. triqueter, S. tabernaemontani and intermediate morphological forms. The distribution area of S. triqueter is even restricted to this tidal habitat. However, several cultivated S. tabernaemontani strains have recently been introduced. The latter species is often used to stabilize riverbanks. To determine the existing genetic diversity among these species, stems from plants from 44 different locations were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, using 22 decanucleotide primers. Data analysis of the amplified DNA fragments enabled us to unambiguously differentiate among these Scirpus taxa. Hybridization between S. triqueter and S. tabernaemontani was documented, and the studied hybrids were always genetically more similar to S. triqueter than to S. tabernaemontani . Among the introduced clones, at least two different origins could be distinguished. Several of the introduced S. tabernaemontani clones were clearly different from individuals of the same species that were native to this region. As there were different hybrid genotypes owing to different hybrid events or to introgression, this complex should be safeguarded from genetic pollution. New S. tabernaemontani genotypes with markers not previously observed in that hybrid complex of the unique tidal freshwater habitat should be avoided in replantation projects. 相似文献
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目的探讨我国不同地域红色毛癣菌分离株的遗传多样性。方法采用随机扩增DNA多态性(RAPD)方法对来源于我国不同地域(江苏南京,山东济南,广东广州)的32株红色毛癣菌临床分离株进行DNA多态性分析。结果红色毛癣菌种内差异明显,根据遗传相似性分成三大聚类群,与地域差异及取材部位无明显相关性,而与表型具有一定相关性。结论随机扩增DNA多态性方法可用于红色毛癣菌的DNA分型,其DNA带型具有一定的遗传变异性,与菌株表型有一定关系,与地域差异、侵犯部位无明显相关性。 相似文献
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Genetic diversity level of Cathaya argyrophylla was confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Seventy five samples (individuals), collected from Hunan and Sichuan provinces of China were used in the study. 21 10-mer oligonucleotide primers detected 106 sites, and 34 (32% ) of them were polymor-phic. The level of genetic variation in C. argyrophylla was lower than those of other conifers, and was considered to be associated with the complexity of habitats. The percentages of polymorphic sites (PPS) in the Hunan and Sichuan pop-ulations were 18% and 25% respectively. 7.99% of genetic variation existed between the two populations; this value was higher than the mean value (6.8%) among populations in conifers displayed by allozyme. Some subpopulations of C. argyrophylla were greatly differentiated because of site mutation and genetic drift. The highest value of genetic dif-ference between subpopulations amounted to 16. 23% . In addition, a concept of diversity coefficient(DC), a value us 相似文献
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从 12 0个随机引物中筛选出条带清晰、主带明显、重复性好的 9个引物 ,对来自不同地域和寄主的 7个群体的 14 2个栗疫病菌菌株进行 RAPD分析。 9个引物共扩增出条带 12 4条 ,其中多态性条带 111条 ,多态性比率为 89.5 2 %。利用 Popgen3.2软件对供试群体进行遗传多样性分析和 UPGMA聚类。结果表明 ,中国地区 4个群体间的遗传相似性较大 ,与美国、意大利和日本群体间的相似性较小 ;美国和意大利群体间的遗传相似性较大 ,且它们与日本群体间的相似性大于与中国群体间的相似性。病原菌群体的遗传变异率为 0 .2 35 1,其中在地区水平上 ,82 .34%由群体内的变异引起 ,17.6 6 %由群体间的差异引起 ,群体间的基因流动值为 2 .3311;而在寄主水平上 ,则 79.4 2 %由群体内的变异引起 ,2 0 .5 8%由群体间的差异引起 ,群体间的基因流动值为 1.92 97 相似文献
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三种摇蚊幼虫RAPD扩增条件的优化及在昆虫系统发育分析中的应用 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
为了研究摇蚊科昆虫种群遗传的多样性,以促进对其资源的合理保护,以萨摩亚摇蚊Chironomus samoensisEdwards基因组DNA为模板,对摇蚊幼虫的RAPD扩增条件进行优化,建立了摇蚊幼虫RAPD扩增反应的最佳体系:按照利用优化的RAPD扩增条件进行研究,实验有着良好的重现性。用16个随机引物对3种摇蚊幼虫类群各10个个体进行RAPD扩增,其中萨摩亚摇蚊共扩增出78个条带,多态座位率为41.03%,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0.2570,群体内相似度为0.8730;红裸须摇蚊Propsilocerus akamusi(Tokunaga)共75个条带,多态座位率为44.0%,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0.2472,群体内相似度为0.8731;刺铗长足摇蚊Tanypus punctipennis(Fabricius)共67个条带,多态座位率为41.79%,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0.1943,群体内相似度为0.9066。聚类分析结果表明,刺铗长足摇蚊与红裸须摇蚊的亲缘关系较近。 相似文献
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A preliminary examination of genetic variation in a peripheral population of Blanding's turtle, Emydoidea blandingii 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to compare the Nova Scotia population of Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) with several populations from the species' main range. The Nova Scotia population is believed to have been isolated from the main range for 4000-8000 years. Cluster analysis using a neighbour-joining algorithm produced a dendrogram showing the Nova Scotia population clustering separately from those populations in the main range. Analysis of molecular variance shows 34.28% of total variance to be accounted for between the Nova Scotia population and populations in the main range. While this study is preliminary, the results suggest that the Nova Scotia population of Blanding's turtle may be important to the maintenance of genetic diversity in the species. 相似文献
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Random amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis is a new technology of molecular marking which has proved very powerful in detecting genetic diversity at the level of population.The genomic DNAs used in our experiment were extracted from fresh leaves taken from 59 individuals sampled from three natural populations in Yan an,Shanxi Province.Through more than 2,000 PCRs,deep-going RAPD analysis was carried out on DNA samples from 49 inviduals.The percentage of polymorphic RAPD loci found in these three populations were respectively 27.2%,18.6% and 5.4%;the average genetic distances within population,0.055,0.026 and 0.008;the average genetic distances between populations (I-II),(I-III) and (II-III),0.105,0.096 and 0.060.The genetic diversity of A.brachypus within and between populations was found,for the first time,to be rather poor,thus revealing innate factors as the cause contributing to its endangered status.In addition,our work also provides basic materials for elucidating the underlying cause of its endangerment and for its protection biology. 相似文献
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The distribution of mating types of Ascochyta rabiei (teleomorph: Didymella rabiei) was determined in Tunisia using a MAT‐specific PCR assay. Among 123 isolates tested, 80% were MAT1‐1 and 20%MAT1‐2. Only MAT1‐1 isolates were present in the Beja and Bizerte regions of Tunisia, whereas both mating types were present in Nabeul, Kef and Jendouba. In the latter three regions, the hypothesis of random mating could not be rejected based on chi‐squared tests of mating‐type ratios (P > 0.05). The lower frequency of the MAT1‐2 coupled with the restricted distribution of this mating type in Tunisia may indicate a recent introduction of MAT1‐2 in Tunisia. This speculation is consistent with the recent (2001) observation of D. rabiei pseudothecia on chickpea debris in Tunisia. Forty isolates representative of the five regions were genetically analysed using 10 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers to provide a preliminary estimate of genetic diversity of the pathogen in Tunisia. Among 129 putative RAPD loci amplified, 81% were polymorphic and 32 unique RAPD fingerprints were detected. A high level of genetic differentiation was detected among subpopulations (GST = 0.33). Cluster analyses revealed that isolates from Bizerte, Beja and Jendouba were genetically similar and distinct from isolates sampled in Nabeul and Kef. MAT1‐1 isolates were clustered separately from MAT1‐2 isolates in Jendouba and Nabeul suggesting that recombination may not yet be occurring in these regions despite the occurrence of both mating types in equal frequency in these regions. This lack of recombination between MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 also supports the hypothesis of a recent introduction of MAT1‐2 into Tunisia. 相似文献
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采用RAPD标记探讨瓣蕊唐松草(毛茛科唐松草属)的遗传多样性及其地理分布格局(英文) 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
XIELei LILiang—Qian ZHANGDa—Ming 《Acta Botanica Sinica》2004,46(2):165-170
Random amplified polymerphic DNA(RAPD)method was applied to assessg enetic variation and population structure of Thahctrum petalotdeum L(Ranunoulaceae),Two hundred and forty-six individuals from 11 populations of the species were investigated by RAPD profiles Twenty selected RAPD primers generated 125 bands.in which 120 were polymorphic Ther esults revealed a high level of genetic variation(ercentage of polymorphIc bands(PPB was 96%.Nei’s gene diversity(りwas 03502 and shannon’s information index(I) was 0.5199 at the species level) The differentiation among the populations was high(Gst=0.3511)in this species.Result of analyzing of molecularvariance(AMOVA)showedthat38.88%of genetic variance was found among the populations Positive correlation withr r=01945(P=00002)was found between genetic distance and geographic distance amongpo pulations Two populations distributed in the drainage basin of YanELz River affined genedcally and formed one clada and the rest nine populations formed the other clade in both unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average(UPGMA)trees made by two different method different methods. It was yen/clear that these two populations were very special, andmust be closely related in history, despite the fact that they now share quite weak link to the restpopulations through gene communication. 相似文献