关节镜手术在膝关节骨性关节炎患者中的综合应用价值

目的:研究关节镜手术在膝关节骨性关节炎患者中的综合应用,为膝关节骨性关节炎的临床治疗提供依据。方法:选取50例单膝关节骨性关节炎患者,行常规关节镜手术,术后注射透明质酸钠并指导患者进行康复训练。在关节镜手术前后对患者进行LKSS评分,评定患者膝关节功能;对患膝的屈肌、伸肌力进行等速测定;在术前及术后2周测定外周血及患膝关节液IL-6、TNF-α、MMP-3表达水平。结果:与术前相比,患者术后LKSS评分及关节活动度均显著提高(P0.05),关节功能得到较好的恢复;患膝伸肌PT、STW及TAE值均得到显著提高(P0.05),屈肌PT、STW及TAE值无统计学意义;患者外周血及关节液中IL-6、TNF-α及MMP-3表达水平均显著降低(P0.05)。结论:采用关节镜手术治疗骨性关节炎可明显降低机体的炎症状态,改善关节的功能,增加患膝的伸肌力。     

Meniscal pathology - the evidence for treatment

Whilst arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of meniscal tears is the most commonly performed orthopaedic surgery, meniscal tears at the knee are frequently identified on magnetic resonance imaging in adults with and without knee pain. The evidence for arthroscopic treatment of meniscal tears is controversial and lacks a supporting evidence base; it may be no more efficacious than conservative therapies. Surgical approaches to the treatment of meniscal pathology can be broadly categorised into those in which partial menisectomy or repair are performed. This review highlights that the major factor determining the choice of operative approach is age: meniscal repair is performed exclusively on younger populations, while older populations are subject to partial menisectomy procedures. This is probably because the meniscus is less amenable to repair in the older population where other degenerative changes co-exist. In middle-aged to older adults, arthroscopic partial menisectomy (APM) may treat the meniscus tear, but does not address the degenerative whole organ disease of knee osteoarthritis. Thus far, there is no convincing evidence that operative approaches are superior to conservative measures as the first-line treatment of older people with knee pain and meniscal tears. However, in two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) approximately one-third of subjects in the exercise groups had persisting knee pain with some evidence of improvement following APM, although the characteristics of this subgroup are unclear. From the available data, a first-line trial of conservative therapy, which includes weight loss, is recommended for the treatment of degenerative meniscal tears in older adults. The exception to this may be when mechanical symptoms, such as knee locking, predominate. Although requiring corroboration by RCTs, there is accumulating evidence from cohort studies and case series that meniscal repair rather than APM may improve function and reduce the long-term risk of knee osteoarthritis in young adults. There is no clear evidence from RCTs that one surgical method of meniscal repair is superior to another.     

Arthroscopy.

Arthroscopy has reduced the morbidity and period of hospitalisation associated with orthopaedic surgery and has increased the range of procedures that may be performed. From early operations on the knee it has expanded to include procedures for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, ankle, and foot. For some joints the indications for surgery are clear, for others the clinical advantages are still being assessed. This expansion has also led to the recognition of complications, though the incidence is low. Specialist instrumentation has allowed a wide variety of operations previously needing open surgery to be carried out arthroscopically. The repertoire of arthroscopic procedures will undoubtedly continue to expand, and controlled studies are required to validate their efficacy, particularly in the management of degenerative joint diseases.     

关节镜下胫骨嵌入术治疗膝关节后交叉韧带损伤的临床效果及安全性分析

目的：探讨关节镜下胫骨嵌入术治疗膝关节后交叉韧带损伤患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法：回顾性分析2013 年2 月至 2014 年2 月在我院接受关节镜下胫骨嵌入术治疗的膝关节膝关节后交叉韧带损伤患者36 例的临床资料，比较手术前后 Lysholm 膝关节评分、KT-2000 关节测量值、后抽屉试验与Lachman 征的差异。结果：与手术前比较，手术后6 个月患膝Lysholm 膝关节评分、KT-2000 关节测量值及物理检查(后抽屉试验试验与Lachman 征)均明显改善，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。全部患 者术后无韧带断裂、免疫排斥反应等现象。结论：关节镜下胫骨Inlay技术对膝关节PCL损伤患者的临床疗效显著，安全性高，值 得临床推广应用。     

Correlates of knee extensor training load used in rehabilitation after knee surgery

Resistance training is one of the major components of rehabilitation after musculoskeletal injury and surgery. Despite the importance of resistance training and the frequency of its use in rehabilitation, little is known about factors that are related to training load that might be useful in devising and monitoring training in a patient and comparing training intensities between individuals and groups. We hypothesized that the following would show a statistically significant relationship to training load: injury chronicity, self-assessed knee function (Hughston Clinic questionnaire), knee swelling (injured-uninjured midpatellar knee girth), uninjured knee girth, and body mass. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether factors such as body mass are related to the load used in training the knee extensors in rehabilitation after knee surgery. Thirty-six individuals undergoing early-phase rehabilitation after knee arthroscopic meniscectomy surgery participated in this study. Subjects were tested 5 days after surgery, just prior to commencing a 6-week outpatient rehabilitation program, and again soon after the end of this rehabilitation program. The independent variables evaluated were age, gender, body mass, meniscus injured, injury chronicity, knee function self-assessment, knee swelling (injured-uninjured midpatellar girth), uninjured knee girth, and knee flexion and extension passive range of motion (difference between injured and uninjured side). The dependent variable was the load used for training the knee extensors on the knee extension machine in the final training session prior to the posttest. The only variable exhibiting a statistically significant (p = 0.001) relationship to knee extensor final training was age (r = -0.529). This finding, that age was the only variable to have a significant relationship with training load, suggests that clinicians' expectation of training intensity should decrease with an increase in the patient's age in the range studied (20-58 years) for patients recovering from knee arthroscopic meniscectomy.     

关节镜治疗膝关节盘状半月板损伤的疗效及术后疼痛的影响因素研究

目的：探讨关节镜治疗膝关节盘状半月板损伤的疗效以及患者术后疼痛的原因、影响因素。方法：选取2011年7月至2013年7月我院收治的46例膝关节盘状半月板损伤的患者作为研究对象,运用统计学方法分析关节镜的手术疗效。结果：根据Lkeuchi评分标准进行评分：优29例（63．04％）,良12例（26．09％）,中3例（6．52％）,差2例（4．35％）,优良率为89．13％。两组患者性别、BMI（体质指数）之间无差异,但是疼痛与年龄、负重早晚、关节软骨损伤、术后是否冷敷均有关系,且差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：关节镜治疗膝关节盘状半月板损伤具有确切的疗效,术后疼痛与多种因素有关。     

关节镜治疗膝关节盘状半月板损伤的疗效及术后疼痛的影响因素研究

目的:探讨关节镜治疗膝关节盘状半月板损伤的疗效以及患者术后疼痛的原因、影响因素。方法:选取2011年7月至2013年7月我院收治的46例膝关节盘状半月板损伤的患者作为研究对象,运用统计学方法分析关节镜的手术疗效。结果:根据Lkeuchi评分标准进行评分:优29例(63.04%),良12例(26.09%),中3例(6.52%),差2例(4.35%),优良率为89.13%。两组患者性别、BMI(体质指数)之间无差异,但是疼痛与年龄、负重早晚、关节软骨损伤、术后是否冷敷均有关系,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:关节镜治疗膝关节盘状半月板损伤具有确切的疗效,术后疼痛与多种因素有关。     

关节镜手术联合胫骨高位截骨治疗内侧膝关节骨关节炎的临床研究

目的:观察关节镜手术联合胫骨高位截骨(HTO)治疗内侧膝关节骨关节炎(KOA)的临床疗效。方法:本研究为回顾性研究,将2018年2月~2020年9月间在我院接受治疗的内侧KOA患者63根据手术方式的不同分为A组和B组,分别为30例和33例。A组进行HTO手术,B组进行关节镜手术联合HTO治疗。术前、术后6周、术后12周采用美国纽约特种外科医院(HSS)评分、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评价两组患者膝关节功能、疼痛情况。采用36项简明健康状况调查表(SF-36)评价两组患者术前与术后12周的生活质量变化情况。记录两组术后并发症发生情况。术前、术后12周采用MB-Ruler软件测量两组患者机械胫骨近端内侧角(mMPTA)、解剖股胫角(aFTA)。结果:术后6周、术后12周,B组HSS评分高于A组,VAS评分低于A组(P<0.05)。术后12周,B组SF-36量表各维度评分高于A组(P<0.05)。术后3周,B组mMPTA、aFTA小于A组(P<0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率组间对比无差异(P>0.05)。结论:相对于单纯的HTO手术,关节镜手术联合HTO治疗内侧KOA患者,可有效促进膝关节功能改善,减轻疼痛症状,调整下肢力线,近期疗效肯定。     

The effects of ketorolac and morphine on articular cartilage and synovium in the rabbit knee joint

Analgesics are commonly injected intra-articularly for analgesia after arthroscopic surgery, especially of knee joints. The aim of this study was to research the effects of ketorolac and morphine on articular cartilage and synovial membrane. This study used rabbit right and left hind knee joints. The treatments, saline, morphine, or ketorolac, were administered intra-articularly 24 h after injection, and 5 joints from animals in each drug group were chosen randomly to form Group I and subgroups of Group I. The same procedures were applied after 48 h and 10 days of injection to form Groups II and III, respectively, and subgroups of these groups. Knee joints were excised and a blinded observer evaluated the histopathology according to inflammation of the articular cartilage, inflammatory cell infiltration, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of the synovial membrane. No histopathological changes were found in the control groups. In the ketorolac and morphine groups, there were varying degrees of synovial membrane inflammatory cell infiltration and minimal, mild, or moderate synovial membrane cell hyperplasia or hypertrophy. Except for the ketorolac group at 24 h, both ketorolac and morphine groups showed more histopathological changes than controls (p < 0.05). Morphine and ketorolac both cause mild histopathological changes in rabbit knee joints, morphine causing more than ketorolac, but both of the drugs can be used intra-articularly with safety.     

A novel method for measuring medial compartment pressures within the knee joint in-vivo

A novel method for the measurement of knee joint forces in-vivo is described. A thin (0.2mm) flexible electronic pressure sensor was inserted through a narrow arthroscopic portal into the osteoarthritic medial compartment of the knee joint. The sensor partially covered the load bearing area. The surgery was performed under local anaesthetic during normal arthroscopic examination following patient consent. Results are presented for 11 patients. The method was used in a pilot study to assess the effects of four valgus knee braces on medial compartment forces. An analysis of variance could not detect un-loading by any brace although there were large variations in force output. These variations may be attributable to shifts in the sensor position. In-vivo measurement of joint force is technically feasible.     

关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后翻修的临床研究(附14例报告)

目的:探讨关节镜下前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术后翻修手术的开展方式和临床效果。方法:我院2009年1月~2012年9月共收治ACL重建后失稳需翻修的患者14例,均给予关节镜下检查以及翻修手术,术后对患者的治疗情况采用Lysholm评分、Tegner评分、KT-2000及IKDC进行综合评价。结果:患者的KT-2000检查中术前屈曲30°为5.2mm,屈曲90°为3.3mm,术后屈曲30°为3.0mm,屈曲90°为1.6mm;IKDC评分术前为(50±5)分,术后为(72±8)分;Lysholm评分术前为(51±15)分,术后为(77±19)分;Tegner评分术前为(2.6±0.6)分,术后为(4.8±1.2)分。手术前后对比均有显著差异,具有统计学意义(P0.05),表明术后患者的膝关节功能明显增强。结论:对ACL重建术失败患者给予术后的翻修可以有效改善患者膝关节功能。     

Variability in synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis investigated by microarray technology

In recent years microarray technology has been used increasingly to acquire knowledge about the pathogenic processes involved in rheumatoid arthritis. The present study investigated variations in gene expression in synovial tissues within and between patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This was done by applying microarray technology on multiple synovial biopsies obtained from the same knee joints. In this way the relative levels of intra-patient and inter-patient variation could be assessed. The biopsies were obtained from 13 different patients: 7 by orthopedic surgery and 6 by rheumatic arthroscopy. The data show that levels of heterogeneity varied substantially between the biopsies, because the number of genes found to be differentially expressed between pairs of biopsies from the same knee ranged from 6 to 2,133. Both arthroscopic and orthopedic biopsies were examined, allowing us to compare the two sampling methods. We found that the average number of differentially expressed genes between biopsies from the same patient was about three times larger in orthopedic than in arthroscopic biopsies. Using a parallel analysis of the tissues by immunohistochemistry, we also identified orthopedic biopsies that were unsuitable for gene expression analysis of synovial inflammation due to sampling of non-inflamed parts of the tissue. Removing these biopsies reduced the average number of differentially expressed genes between the orthopedic biopsies from 455 to 171, in comparison with 143 for the arthroscopic biopsies. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the remaining orthopedic and arthroscopic biopsies had gene expression signatures that were unique for each patient, apparently reflecting patient variation rather than tissue heterogeneity. Subsets of genes found to vary between biopsies were investigated for overrepresentation of biological processes by using gene ontology. This revealed representative 'themes' likely to vary between synovial biopsies affected by inflammatory disease.     

Arthroscopic surgery of the knee.

In the first 1000 arthroscopic operations performed by one surgeon 136 patients had two or more procedures, making a total of 1168 during the 1000 operations. The indications for operation were internal mechanical derangements in 565 patients, anterior knee pain in 246, disorders of the synovium in 77, ligament injuries in 63, and degenerative joint disease in 49. Complications included fracture of instruments in the knee in five patients, haemarthrosis in 10, deep vein thrombosis in three, and synovial fistula in one. In no patient was the wound infected. A total of 26 different operations was performed.     

Health-related quality of life following ambulatory surgery procedures: assessment by RAND-36

Background

Increasing numbers of elective surgical procedures are performed as day-cases. The impact of ambulatory surgery on health-related quality of life in the recovery period has seldom been described.

Methods

We assessed health-related quality of life in 143 adult outpatients scheduled for arthroscopic procedures of the knee and shoulder joints, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and inguinal hernia repair using the RAND 36-Item Health Survey preoperatively and one week after patients had returned to work or comparable normal daily routines.

Results

Postoperatively all patient groups reported significant improvements in bodily pain and vitality. Physical functioning improved significantly in orthopedic and inguinal hernia patients. However, in the orthopedic groups, postoperative scores for physical health were still relatively lower compared to the general population reference values.

Conclusions

Ambulatory surgery has a positive impact on health-related quality of life. Assessment of the recovery process is necessary for recognition of potential areas of improvement in care and postoperative rehabilitation.

     

关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后早期康复训练研究

目的:探讨关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后早期进行康复训练的康复疗效。方法:回顾性分析单侧膝关节前交叉韧带断裂患者60例治疗康复情况,通过对比手术前后膝关节稳定性、活动范围、Lysholm评分及IKDC评分来评估疗效。结果:术后60例患者均获随访,早期康复训练组患者术后6月膝关节稳定性与活动度均良好,本体感觉得到恢复,可进行正常生活、工作。结论:关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后早期进行康复训练可以恢复膝关节满意稳定性及活动度,疗效可靠。     

近平滑念珠菌引起真菌性膝关节炎：病例报告及文献回顾

报告1例由近平滑念珠菌引起的膝关节炎并进行相关骨关节真菌感染的文献回顾.患者,男,53岁,有糖尿病史及左侧腘窝皮肤浅表小肿瘤切除史,因左膝关节反复疼痛7 a,逐渐加重伴跛行6个月入院.临床表现为左膝关节明显红肿,影像学发现关节腔内滑膜增生,临近胫骨上端及股骨下端有灶性骨破坏、吸收,关节腔积液查见真菌,鉴定为近平滑念珠菌.经关节镜清理术及静脉用氟康唑治疗后症状改善,随访2 a无复发,已恢复日常活动.本文结合本例患者进行了骨关节真菌感染的相关文献复习,对骨关节感染的相关因素及治疗等内容进行了回顾,其结果对临床相关医生具有重要参考价值.     

膝关节镜辅助微创手术治疗复杂性胫骨平台骨折的疗效分析

目的:探讨膝关节镜辅助微创手术治疗复杂性胫骨平台骨折的疗效。方法:搜集2013年2月-2015年1月期间我院收治的确诊为复杂性胫骨平台骨折患者104例,按照随机数字表法分为微创组和对照组,每组各52例。对照组采用传统切开复位钢板内固定术治疗,微创组采用膝关节镜辅助微创手术治疗;观察两组患者临床各项指标、膝关节功能HSS评分以及术后并发症发生率。结果:术后微创组下床活动时间、完全负重下地时间和骨折愈合时间显著低于对照组(P0.05);三个月后的关节活动度、一年后的膝关节功能优良率显著高于对照组(P0.05);术后微创组并发症发生率为9.62%(5/52),显著低于对照组的23.08%(12/52),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:膝关节镜辅助微创手术治疗复杂性胫骨平台骨折,临床疗效显著,术后膝关节功能恢复好,并发症发生率低,值得临床推广应用。     

Open Versus Arthroscopic Surgical Management for Recalcitrant Trochanteric Bursitis: A Systematic Review

BackgroundWhile excision of the trochanteric bursae to treat lateral hip pain has increased in popularity, no comparison exists between the surgical outcomes and complications of the open and arthroscopic techniques involving trochanteric bursectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacies and complication rates of arthroscopic and open techniques for procedures involving trochanteric bursectomy.MethodsThe terms “trochanteric,” “bursectomy,” “arthroscopic,” “open,” “outcomes,” and “hip” were searched in five electronic databases. Fifteen studies from 120 initial results were included. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO), pain, satisfaction, and complications were included for analysis.ResultsFive hundred-two hips in 474 total patients (77.7% female) were included in this study. The average age was 54. The fourteen distinct PRO scores that were reported by the included studies improved significantly from baseline to final mean follow-up (12-70.8 months for open; 12-42 months for arthroscopic) for both approaches, demonstrating statistically significant patient benefit in a variety of hip arthroscopy settings (P > 0.05). The complication rates of all procedures ranged from 0%-33% and failure to improve pain ranged from 0%-8%. Patient satisfaction with surgery was high at 95% and 82% reported a willingness to undergo the same surgery again. No significant mean differences were found between the open and arthroscopic techniques.ConclusionThe open and arthroscopic approaches for trochanteric bursectomy are both safe and effective procedures in treating refractory lateral hip pain. No significant differences in PROs, pain, total complications, severity of complications, and total failures were seen between technique outcomes.Level of Evidence: IV     

关节镜下不同固定方法治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折的临床对比研究

目的:对比关节镜下缝合法和钢丝固定治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折的临床效果。方法:收集我院2012年1月至2014年12月年收治的87例胫骨髁间嵴骨折患者根据手术固定方法:不同分为A组(40例)组(37例),其中A组患者使用缝线法固定组患者使用钢丝固定,分别于术后3、6、12个月后随访患者影像学资料观察两组患者骨折骨折复位愈合情况,包括愈合时间、膝关节功能进行评估关节屈伸活动度,手术时间以及并发症发生情况等。结果:术前Lysholm评分组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后3个月术Lysholm评分组间差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05),术后6、12个月差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后Lysholm评分与术前相比均逐渐升高差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后随访第12个月两组患者膝关节屈伸活动度比较A组患者显著优于B组患者A组愈合时间短于B组差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:使用关节镜下缝合线固定治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折具有创伤小、操作简便、固定稳固、利于关节早期的康复,可推广使用。     

Arthroscopic surgery for degenerative tears of the meniscus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:

Arthroscopic surgery for degenerative meniscal tears is a commonly performed procedure, yet the role of conservative treatment for these patients is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of arthroscopic meniscal débridement in patients with knee pain in the setting of mild or no concurrent osteoarthritis of the knee in comparison with nonoperative or sham treatments.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 1946 to Jan. 20, 2014. Two reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts for eligibility. We assessed risk of bias for all included studies and pooled outcomes using a random-effects model. Outcomes (i.e., function and pain relief) were dichotomized to short-term (< 6 mo) and long-term (< 2 yr) data.

Results:

Seven RCTs (n = 805 patients) were included in this review. The pooled treatment effect of arthroscopic surgery did not show a significant or minimally important difference (MID) between treatment arms for long-term functional outcomes (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.10 to 0.23). Short-term functional outcomes between groups were significant but did not exceed the threshold for MID (SMD 0.25, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.48). Arthroscopic surgery did not result in a significant improvement in pain scores in the short term (mean difference [MD] 0.20, 95% CI −0.67 to 0.26) or in the long term (MD −0.06, 95% CI −0.28 to 0.15). Statistical heterogeneity was low to moderate for the outcomes.

Interpretation:

There is moderate evidence to suggest that there is no benefit to arthroscopic meniscal débridement for degenerative meniscal tears in comparison with nonoperative or sham treatments in middle-aged patients with mild or no concomitant osteoarthritis. A trial of nonoperative management should be the first-line treatment for such patients.Arthroscopic meniscal débridement is one of the most commonly performed procedures in orthopedic surgery. More than 700 000 such procedures are performed each year in the United States, and more than 4 million are performed each year worldwide, with substantial economic and social burdens.^1–6 Many patients who undergo arthroscopic meniscal débridement have concurrent osteoarthritis, and orthopedic surgeons are often challenged to determine the true cause of patients’ symptoms: the meniscal tear, osteoarthritis or a combination of both.⁷Although 2 well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs)^8,9 have shown a lack of efficacy for arthroscopic surgery in patients with severe and advanced knee arthritis, many patients present with degenerative meniscal tears and mild or minimal concurrent osteoarthritis.¹⁰ Patients with degenerative meniscal tears in the setting of mild osteoarthritis may experience functional improvement or pain relief with arthroscopic surgery,^11–14 but the role of conservative treatment is unclear.^15–17 Arthroscopic surgery involves the potential for complications, which must be weighed against the prognosis for relief from presenting symptoms.^6,18The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic meniscal débridement in comparison with nonoperative or sham treatments in patients with degenerative meniscal tears and knee pain with regard to function and pain relief in the short term (< 6 mo) and long term (< 2 yr).