创新实践教学模式对大学生素质教育的作用

大学生素质教育要求新时代的大学生不仅要学习理论知识,更重要的是培养科学思维并掌握应用技能。我校微生物学课程教学中探索了以创新实践为主要内容的模式改革,其中"理论—技能—创新实践"同步训练的创新模式,是以将参与创新实践计入期末成绩的形式"强迫"学生进入实验室参与科研项目。实施中我们以"教师—研究生—创新小组"交互学习的方式,任课教师制定规则与目标,研究生帮助创新项目的选题、研究方案设计及实施指导,创新小组依照目标参与研究生的科研课题,最后完成创新实践并获得一定比例的成绩。实践证实创新实践教学对促进学生的理论课程学习、科学思维培养以及创新意识训练等方面都有积极的促进作用,是大学生素质教育的一种实用且高效的教学模式。     

微生物学课程创新实践教学模式探索

为激发本科生对微生物学的学习兴趣、训练实验技能、拓展创新思维、促进素质教育,我们探索了"课堂讲授—实验课程—课题研究"三位一体、"理论—技能—创新实践"同步训练的微生物学教学模式,首次将研究生引入本科生素质教育中,并在教学方法、手段、考核等方面进行了改革试验,实践证明这一教学模式对主动掌握理论知识、激发创新精神、提高学生素质都有积极的推动作用。     

浅谈高中化学教学中学生创新思维的培养

学生创新思维的培养是素质教育的基本要求之一,在创新思维的影响下学生才能摆脱对知识的死板记忆,实现知识的活学活用。同时,通过初中学习,高中生虽有一定的化学基础。但是在强大学习压力下,学生学习的主动性难以发挥,学生学习的创新性明显不足。要培养学生的创新思维,首先要从师生角色的互换入手,创新教学模式。再结合高中化学特点灵活教学,不断激发学生的学习兴趣及学习潜力,实现对知识运用能力强的高素质人才的培养。     

基于微信平台的微课程教学法在“微生物学及检验技术”实验课教学中的应用与研究

为了激发医学检验技术专业学生对"微生物学及检验技术"实验课的学习兴趣、训练实验技能、拓展创新思维、促进素质教育,我们探索了基于微信平台的微课程教学法在该课程实验课的应用。实践证明微课程教学法能有效提升医学检验技术专业学生对该课程的喜爱程度,并有利于学生提升学科成绩,同时有效地增强了学生对学科前沿知识的关注度。     

关于“细胞膜”的教学探索

论述生物学课堂教学中如何运用信息加工的原理进行文本探究,在追本溯源、寻求科学知识本质的过程中,培养学生的思维方式和思维能力。以"细胞膜"为例,探索学生的思维过程,通过创造性地加工教材,提供丰富的信息素材,让学生亲历科学探究过程,引导学生通过提取、整合素材中的信息,进行思维探究,激发学生的问题意识和思维动机,通过知识迁移、辨析疑点,发掘学生创新思维潜能,从而培养学生思维的深刻性、独创性,并在此基础上构建知识,提升学力,形成科学素养。     

以问题为导向的混合式医学细胞生物学实验课探索与实践

医学细胞生物学是医学院校本科生必修的专业基础课,该课程的实验环节对提高学生的实践能力和培养学生创新思维有着举足轻重的作用。为培养复合型医学创新人才,该研究从转变实验课传统教学理念入手,以科学问题为导向,在培养科研创新思维及激发学生自主实践操作方面进行教学设计,采用翻转课堂、案例式等教学方法,并综合运用网络化教学平台和国家精品课程等线上资源,融入思政教育内容,最终建立“科学问题、前置式学习、贯穿式跟踪评价”相结合的实验教学新模式。通过对新教学模式的探索和实践,旨在培养科研思维活跃、实践能力强,且适应新时代发展需要的新医科人才。     

以培养研究生创新思维为目标的“兽医分子病毒学”教学模式的探索与实践

为培养学生的创新思维能力,根据"兽医分子病毒学"研究生课程的教学内容与特点,围绕"如何教?"与"怎么学?"两大核心问题,开展教学模式的探索与实践。通过更新教学理念、改进教学方法,实行"联合教学",在"专业型"和"学术型"硕士共培养的现状下,推进"兼顾性"及"平衡性"教学等措施,激发学生学习兴趣、强化学习过程、提高学习效率与知识转化率、启发学生创新思考。以授课过程中设计的科学问题为引导,通过引导学生的主动探究、深入剖析和拓展延伸的意识和行为,增强学生的学习力、思考力和创造力。结合学生成绩的综合考核,建立以知识获取、能力建设和人格养成为核心的"三位一体"人才培养理念,实现创新思维和综合能力的全面提升,为培养兽医专业拔尖人才服务。     

基于创新能力培养的“微生物学”研究型教学模式探索

微生物学是生命科学的重要组成部分。随着科学技术的飞速发展,微生物学教学内容和教学方法都需要不断革新,以满足高素质人才培养的需求。华中农业大学在微生物学教学过程中积极开展基于创新能力培养的教学改革实践,课堂上通过推崇学科名人,弘扬科学精神;关注社会焦点,激发学习兴趣;引入学科前沿,培养创新意识等积极引导学生学习微生物学相关知识。通过翻转课堂、对分课堂,借助"微助教"微信公众平台等改变传统的教学模式与师生互动的方式,突破学生学习的时空局限,加强师生交流。依托农业微生物学国家重点实验室等高水平的科研平台,鼓励学生进入实验室运用微生物学知识开展科研实践,引导学生参加各类竞赛,实现理论知识学习向实践创新能力的转化。总之,学生不仅能够在"微生物学"课堂上牢固地掌握微生物学知识,创新思维也得到锻炼,创新能力显著增强。     

如何在生物实验课教学中培养学生创新能力

传统的实验课的教学模式只注重教师的"教",而置学生的"学"于不顾。学生对于理论的理解不够强的情况下,进行实验,自主性强的学生能主动找老师交流,自主性弱的学生往往只是机械性的操作,没有达到实验的目的与效果,更谈不上培养学生的创新思维能力。所以,在注重素质教育的今天,老师再不能跟从前一样采取"满堂灌"、"填鸭式"的教学思路,要争取激发学生们的好奇心,培养他们的发散思维,最终达到提高他们的创新能力的水平。     

运用5E教学模式进行科学解释教学的实践——以“现代生物进化理论的由来”一节为例

5E教学模式是一种教育界普遍认可和推广的教学模式,科学解释是科学探究中的关键内容,还体现了理性思维的合理运用,以"现代生物进化理论的由来"一节为依托,通过采用5E教学模式培养学生的对科学解释基本特征的理解和运用,初步培养学生理性思维的习惯。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.