花葶乌头中的三个新二萜生物碱

从花葶乌头根中分到三个新二萜生物碱成分:花葶乌头宁(scaconine)、花葶乌头碱(scaconitine)及N-去乙酰花葶乌头碱(N-deacetylscaconitine)。经质谱、红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱解析及皂化、水解、甲基化、氧化、常法乙酰化及全乙酰化反应验证,其结构分别证明为(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、及(Ⅲ)。     

丽江乌头中的一个新二萜生物碱

从丽江乌头根中分离、鉴定了三个二萜生物碱成分,其中碱Ⅰ、碱Ⅱ分别为已知成分阿克诺辛(aconosine)和嘟拉碱(dolaconine);碱Ⅲ为一新的C_(18)-型二萜生物碱,从MS、IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR等光谱数据推定了其结构,并命名为丽日碱甲(liconosine A)。     

高效液相色谱法测定附子及其炮制品中三种双酯型生物碱

本文建立了一种能同时检测附子及其炮制品中乌头碱、新乌头碱和次乌头碱含量的HPLC-DAD检测方法。采用的色谱柱为Hepersil BDS C18分析柱(150 mm×4.6 mm ID,5μm),流动相为40 mmol/L乙酸铵(浓氨水调pH10.0)(A)-乙腈(B)梯度洗脱,检测波长为240nm,流速为1 mL/min。乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱的线性范围分别为0.0232-2.32μg、0.0216-2.16μg、0.0214-2.14μg(r=0.999976、0.999992、0.999994,n=6);加样回收率为96.4-103.5%(n=6),RSD均小于2.3%。测定结果表明7批不同产地附子生品及16批由同一产地生附子制得的炮制品中三种双酯型生物碱的含量差异悬殊,该方法为附子质量标准和炮制工艺规范的制定及进一步的药效学研究提供了可靠的数据和方法学平台。     

敦化乌头的二萜生物碱成份

从敦化乌头(Aconitum dunhuaense S.H.Li)的根中分得6个单体二萜生物碱成份,经光谱分析及同标准品对照,鉴定它们分别为乌头碱(aconitine,1)、下乌头碱(hypaconitine,2)、尼奥灵(nepline,3)、去氧乌头碱(3-deoxyaconitine,4)、中乌头碱(mesaconitine,5)和阿康诺辛(aconosine,6)。     

美丽乌头中的内酯型降二萜生物碱

首次从药用植物美丽乌头(Aconitum pulchellum)中分离得到两个内酯型降二萜生物碱,通过波谱分析,其中1个鉴定为异叶乌头碱(heteratisine,1),另1个鉴定为二乙酰异叶乌头碱(diacetylheteratisine,2)。后者从自然界还是首次得到,其结构通过1的全乙酰化进一步得以确证。     

国产乌头属的化学分类

根据二萜生物碱的类型、生物合成、在乌头属植物中的分布,并参照国产乌头属的系统分类、形态演化和地理分布,本文讨论国产乌头属的化学分类。 1．以牛扁碱型成分为主的牛扁亚属和以乌头碱型成分为主的乌头亚属可能在乌头属进化的初期阶段就已分化,各自沿着独立的道路发展。2．乌头亚属包括以下类群：(1)以阿替生型、维特钦型、乌头碱型胺酵和 酯碱为主的保山乌头系,主要分布于国产乌头属近代发展分化中心之一的横断山脉和金沙江流域,可能国产乌头组的近代分化就是由该系发展而来; (2)以乌头碱、中乌头碱、下乌头碱为主的乌头系,为进化程度较高的群,所含乌头碱及尼奥灵显示了该系与保山乌头系的亲缘关系; (3)以乌头碱和松果灵为主的准噶尔乌头系,所含乌头碱和松果灵显示了该系与保山乌头系的亲缘关系; (4)以滇乌碱类酯碱为主的显柱乌头系和蔓乌头系,为进化程度较高的群,其酯碱有别于乌头碱类。3．以阿替生及C₁₉内酯型为主的甘青乌头系及圆叶乌头系,可能为进化早期形成的高山特化类群。4. 以阿替生和C₁₉乌头碱型胺醇为主的露蕊乌头亚属,可能为特化类群。     

多根乌头中二萜生物碱成分

为研究多根乌头(AconitumkarakolicumRapaics)中二萜生物碱成分,本研究采用正反相硅胶柱和高效液相等色谱分离方法,从中分离得到15个二萜生物碱;通过多种波谱手段以及文献对比的方法鉴定其结构分别为aconitine(1),3-deoxyaconitine(2),16-epipyroaconine(3),neoline(4),indaconitine(5),14-benzoyl-8-O-methylaconitine(6),spicatineA(7),15-α-hydroxyneoline(8),taurenine(9),14-benzoylaconine(10),14-benzoylaconine-8-oleate(11),lappaconitine(12),beiwudine(13),13-hydroxyfranchetine(14)和8-O-linoleoyl-14-benzoylaconine(15),化合物3~15为首次从该植物中分离得到。采用MTT法和叶碟法分别考察了部分化合物的抗肿瘤和拒食活性,化合物14-benzoylaconine-8-oleate(11)对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人肺癌H460细胞、肝癌HepG2细胞的IC50值分别为11.9、27.6和31.8μM。乌头碱型的二萜生物碱aconitine(1)、3-deoxyaconitine(2)、indaconitine(5)和beiwudine(13)表现出一定的拒食活性的活性(EC50<2mg/cm^2)。     

东川乌头中一个新的去甲二萜生物碱( 英文)

从东川乌头 (AconitumgeniculatumFletcheretLauener)块根的乙醇提取物中分离得到 3个去甲二萜生物碱 ,经 1D、 2D -NMR技术鉴定 ,分别为 2 0 -乙基 - 8-乙酰氧基 - 14- (对 -羟基苯甲酰氧基 ) - 1α ,6α ,16 β ,18-四甲氧基乌头烷 - 3α ,13β二醇 (1)、 2 0 -乙基 - 8-乙酰氧基 - 14-苯酯基乌头烷 - 3α ,13β二醇 (2 )和 2 0 -乙基 - 8-乙酰氧基 - 14- (对 -甲氧基苯酯基 )乌头烷 - 3α ,13β二醇 (3) ,其中 1为新化合物 ,命名为滇羟碱 (geniculine)。     

贡嘎乌头中生物碱成分研究

从贡嘎乌头(Aconitum liljestrandii Hand.-Mazz.)的块根中分得10个已知去甲二萜生物碱膝乌宁碱甲(genicunineA)1、塔拉萨敏(talatisamine)2、8-去乙酰滇乌碱(8-deacetyl-yunaconitine)3、卢乌碱(ludaconitine)4、查斯曼宁(chasmanine)5、伪乌头宁(pseudaoonine)6、滇乌碱(yunaconitine)7、印乌碱(indaconitine)8、14去苯甲酰大渡乌碱(14-debenzoylfranchetine)9、黄草乌碱丁(sachaconitine/vilmorrianine D)10.应用光谱学和TLC法鉴定了报告的所有化合物的结构.     

黑顺片的二萜生物碱成分

常用中药川乌、附子为毛莨科乌头属植物乌头(Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.)的母根和子根.从附子的加工炮制品黑顺片中分离鉴定了5种C19乌头碱型二萜生物碱和1个C20纳哌啉型二萜生物碱.通过MS、NMR、IR等波谱分析和已知化合物数据对照,分别鉴定为次乌头碱(1)、尼奥宁(2)、塔拉地萨敏(3)、多根乌头碱(4)、异塔拉萨定(5)和去氢松果灵(6).     

藏药船型乌头中的生物碱成分(英文)

为了研究藏药臭蚤草的活性成分,从其总碱中分离并通过核磁共振和质谱等方法鉴定了8个生物碱,包括6个二萜类生物碱13-O-acetylhetisine(1)、2-acetyl-13-dehydro-11-epihetisine(2)、2-acetyl-13-dehydro-11-hetisine(3)、hetisinone(4)、尼奥林(5)和foresticine(6),以及异喹啉(7)和dianthrmide(8)。所有化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

工布乌碱的结构

从工布乌头 (Aconitumkongboense)根中分出 17个去甲二萜生物碱 ,其中一种为大渡乌碱型C19 二萜生物碱新生物碱工布乌碱 (kongboendine) 1。由光谱法 (1H 和13 C NMR、2D NMR和MS)确定其结构。     

中国的紫堇属延胡索亚属的分类、分布、演化趋势及其用途

延胡索亚属（Capnites DC）是紫堇属中较进化的一群,不少种类有药用价值。约57种,中国有17种,3变种,10变型。     

Complete (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shift assignments of mono-, di-, and trisaccharides as basis for NMR chemical shift predictions of polysaccharides using the computer program casper

The computer program casper uses (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shift data of mono- to trisaccharides for the prediction of chemical shifts of oligo- and polysaccharides. In order to improve the quality of these predictions the (1)H and (13)C, as well as (31)P when applicable, NMR chemical shifts of 30 mono-, di-, and trisaccharides were assigned. The reducing sugars gave two distinct sets of NMR resonances due to the α- and β-anomeric forms. In total 35 (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shift data sets were obtained from the oligosaccharides. One- and two-dimensional NMR experiments were used for the chemical shift assignments and special techniques were employed in some cases such as 2D (1)H,(13)C-HSQC Hadamard Transform methodology which was acquired approximately 45 times faster than a regular t(1) incremented (1)H,(13)C-HSQC experiment and a 1D (1)H,(1)H-CSSF-TOCSY experiment which was able to distinguish spin-systems in which the target protons were only 3.3Hz apart. The (1)H NMR chemical shifts were subsequently refined using total line-shape analysis with the PERCH NMR software. The acquired NMR data were then utilized in the casper program (http://www.casper.organ.su.se/casper/) for NMR chemical shift predictions of the O-antigen polysaccharides from Klebsiella O5, Shigella flexneri serotype X, and Salmonella arizonae O62. The data were compared to experimental data of the polysaccharides from the two former strains and the lipopolysaccharide of the latter strain showing excellent agreement between predicted and experimental (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy of methyl 3-azido-2,3-dideoxy-4,6-di-O-p-tolylsulfonyl-alpha-D-xylo-hexopyranoside

Synthesis of methyl 3-azido-2,3-dideoxy-4,6-di-O-p-tolylsulfonyl- and -6-O-p-tolylsulfonyl-alpha-D-xylo-hexopyranosides is presented. High-resolution 1H and 13C NMR spectral data for both compounds and their precursors, and the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for methyl 3-azido-2,3-dideoxy-4,6-di-O-p-tolylsulfonyl-alpha-D-xylo-hexopyranoside are reported. The influence of the O-protective group on the chemical shift of adjacent atoms in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra is discussed.     

New flavonoid glycosides from Aconitum naviculare (Brühl) Stapf, a medicinal herb from the trans-Himalayan region of Nepal

Three new flavonoid glycosides, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-(4-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-7-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl]kaempferol, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-(4-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-7-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl]quercetin and 7-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl]quercetin were isolated from the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Aconitum naviculare. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis (HRAPI-TOF MS, 1H, 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, DFQ-COSY, ROESY and TOCSY).     

Complete resonance assignment for the polypeptide backbone of interleukin 1 beta using three-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy

The complete sequence-specific assignment of the 15N and 1H backbone resonances of the NMR spectrum of recombinant human interleukin 1 beta (153 residues, Mr = 17,400) has been obtained by using primarily 15N-1H heteronuclear three-dimensional (3D) NMR techniques in combination with 15N-1H heteronuclear and 1H homonuclear two-dimensional NMR. The fingerprint region of the spectrum was analyzed by using a combination of 3D heteronuclear 1H Hartmann-Hahn 15N-1H multiple quantum coherence (3D HOHAHA-HMQC) and 3D heteronuclear 1H nuclear Overhauser 15N-1H multiple quantum coherence (3D NOESY-HMQC) spectroscopies. We show that the problems of amide NH and C alpha H chemical shift degeneracy that are prevalent for proteins of this size are readily overcome by using the 3D heteronuclear NMR technique. A doubling of some peaks in the spectrum was found to be due to N-terminal heterogeneity of the 15N-labeled protein, corresponding to a mixture of wild-type and des-Ala-1-interleukin 1 beta. The complete list of 15N and 1H assignments is given for all the amide NH and C alpha H resonances of all non-proline residues, as well as the 1H assignments for some of the amino acid side chains. This first example of the sequence-specific assignment of a protein using heteronuclear 3D NMR provides a basis for further conformational and dynamic studies of interleukin 1 beta.     

Backbone structure confirmation and side chain conformation refinement of a bradykinin mimic BKM-824 by comparing calculated (1)H, (13)C and (19)F chemical shifts with experiment

Calculated and experimental (1)H, (13)C and (19)F chemical shifts were compared in BKM-824, a cyclic bradykinin antagonist mimic, c[Ava(1)-Igl(2)-Ser(3)-DF5F(4)-Oic(5)-Arg(6)] (Ava=5-aminovaleric acid, Igl=alpha-(2-indanyl)glycine, DF5F=pentafluorophenylalanine, Oic=(2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid). The conformation of BKM-824 has been studied earlier by NMR spectroscopy (M. Miskolzie et al., J. Biomolec. Struct. Dyn. 17, 947-955 (2000)). All NMR structures have qualitatively the same backbone structure but there is considerable variation in the side chain conformations. We have carried out quantum mechanical optimization for three representative NMR structures at the B3LYP/6-31G* level, constraining the backbone dihedral angles at their NMR structure values, followed by NMR chemical shift calculations at the optimized structures with the 6-311G** basis set. There is an intramolecular hydrogen bond at Ser(3) in the optimized structures. The experimental (13)C chemical shifts at five C(alpha) positions as well as at the Cbeta, Cgamma and Cdelta position of Ava(1), which forms part of the backbone, are well reproduced by the calculations, confirming the NMR backbone structure. A comparison between the calculated and experimental H(beta) chemical shifts in Igl(2) shows that the dominant conformation at this residue is gauche. Changes of proton chemical shifts with the scan of the chi(1) angle in DF5F(4) suggest that chi(1)180 degrees. The calculated (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts are in good agreement with experiment at the rigid residue Oic(5). None of the models gives accurate results for Arg(6), presumably because of its positive charge. Our study indicates that calculated NMR shifts can be used as additional constraints in conjunction with NMR data to determine protein conformations. However, to be computationally effective, a database of chemical shifts in small peptide fragments should be precalculated.     

NMR study of the metabolic 15N isotopic enrichment of cyanophycin synthesized by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6308

1H, 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to characterize cyanophycin, a multi-l-arginyl-poly-[l-aspartic acid] polypeptide from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6308. 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shifts and 1JHN and 1JCN coupling constants were measured in isolated 15N-labeled cyanophycin, and showed chemical shift values and J-couplings consistent with the reported polypeptide structure. 15N enrichment levels were determined from the extent of 1H-15N J-coupling in 1H NMR spectra of cyanophycin. Similar experiments using 13C-15N coupling in 13C NMR spectra were not useful in determining enrichment levels.     

Complete H and C NMR chemical shift assignments of mono-, di-, and trisaccharides as basis for NMR chemical shift predictions of polysaccharides using the computer program casper

The computer program casper uses ¹H and ¹³C NMR chemical shift data of mono- to trisaccharides for the prediction of chemical shifts of oligo- and polysaccharides. In order to improve the quality of these predictions the ¹H and ¹³C, as well as ³¹P when applicable, NMR chemical shifts of 30 mono-, di-, and trisaccharides were assigned. The reducing sugars gave two distinct sets of NMR resonances due to the α- and β-anomeric forms. In total 35 ¹H and ¹³C NMR chemical shift data sets were obtained from the oligosaccharides. One- and two-dimensional NMR experiments were used for the chemical shift assignments and special techniques were employed in some cases such as 2D ¹H,¹³C-HSQC Hadamard Transform methodology which was acquired approximately 45 times faster than a regular t₁ incremented ¹H,¹³C-HSQC experiment and a 1D ¹H,¹H-CSSF-TOCSY experiment which was able to distinguish spin-systems in which the target protons were only 3.3 Hz apart. The ¹H NMR chemical shifts were subsequently refined using total line-shape analysis with the PERCH NMR software. The acquired NMR data were then utilized in the casper program (http://www.casper.organ.su.se/casper/) for NMR chemical shift predictions of the O-antigen polysaccharides from Klebsiella O5, Shigella flexneri serotype X, and Salmonella arizonae O62. The data were compared to experimental data of the polysaccharides from the two former strains and the lipopolysaccharide of the latter strain showing excellent agreement between predicted and experimental ¹H and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts.