On the Synonymy of Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pennifer (Motschulsky, 1845) (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae, Oxytelinae)

Entomological Review - The type material of several synonyms of Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pennifer (Motschulsky, 1845) is revised. Both Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) striatipennis (Eppelsheim, 1894) and...     

Electronic structures of collagen model polymers: (Gly-Pro)n, (Gly-Hyp)n, (Ala-Pro)n, (Ala-Hyp)n, (Gly-Pro-Gly)n, (Gly-Hyp-Gly)n, (Gly-Pro-Pro)n, and (Gly-Pro-Hyp)n

In order to investigate the relationship existing between the electronic structures of collagen and its biochemical functions in vivo, the semiempirical CNDO/2 SCF MO calculations were carried out on several model polymers of collagen, (Gly-Pro)_n, (Gly-Hyp)_n, (Ala-Pro)_n, (Ala-Hyp)_n, (Gly-Pro-Gly)_n, (Gly-Hyp-Gly)_n, (Gly-Pro-Pro)_n and (Gly-Pro-Hyp)_n. Geometries of the skeleton of these polymers were assumed to be the same as those of poly(l-proline) I (cis) and II (trans) and the calculations were performed only on infinite polymers in a single chain. The results show that the cis form is always more stable than the trans form for all the polymers treated. This energy difference between the cis and trans forms depends, for example, on the kind of amino acid residue, Gly or Ala, but this could not be seen in the Pro or Hyp residue. The flexibility or mobility of the collagen structure was explained using the energy difference between the cis and trans forms of the polymers, i.e. the cis-trans conversion of the collagen was discussed in connection with the energy difference. The reason why the collagen has the constitution of (Gly-Pro-Hyp)_n is briefly discussed.     

寡毛金花天牛的新异名

奥地利天牛分类学家Holzschuh(1993)根据四川标本描述了C.anrotes(Carilia)glabricollis Holzschuh,1993.因该学名已被光胸金花天牛Gaurotes (Neogaurotes )glabricollis Pu,1992占用,Holzschuh(1998)为其拟定了替换学名Gaurotes (Carilia )glabratula Holzschuh,1998.后来,蒋书楠、陈力(2001)也为这个异物同名拟定了一个不必要的替换学名寡毛金花天牛Gaurotes(Carilia)oligothrix Chiang,2001.根据<国际动物命名法规>(第4版),Gaurotes (Carilia)glabratula Holzschuh,1998享有优先权,因此Gaurotes(Carilia)oligothrix Chiang,2001成为客观次异名.     

Trans-bis(benzo(1,3)-thiazole)bis(N,N-dimethylformamide)bis(N-thiocyanato)-cobalt(II): spectroscopy,thermal analysis and crystal structure

Disolution of Co(bzt)₂(NCS)₂ (bzt = benzo 1,3- thiazole) in dimethyl formamide (dmf) produces Co(bzt)₂(NCS)₂(dmf)₂. The stoichionmetry of the complex has been established by a combination of chemical (C, H, N) and thermal analysis. The comlex has an octahedral structure with pairs of ligands in trans configuration as well as a CoN₄O₂ coordination sphere with CoN distances of 2.185(2) Å (bzt); 2.082(2) Å (NCS) and CoN(dmf) of 2.118(2) Å. The infrared and electronic absorption spectra are consistent with this arrangement.     

三种常见实蝇的形态学、生物学和生态学比较

对瓜实蝇Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax (Enderlein)、桔小实蝇Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel)和桔大实蝇Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett)的形态学、生物学、生态学等方面进行了比较和分析,包括三种实蝇在国内外的分布情况,对寄主选择的差异,各种虫态的形态特征,发育历期和生活史,并对它们的危害状况和防治方法分别作了介绍,可为3种实蝇的鉴定和防治提供参考.     

Structural characterization, kinetic studies, and in vitro biological activity of new cis-diamminebis-cholylglycinate(O,O') Pt(II) and cis-diamminebis-ursodeoxycholate(O,O') Pt(II) complexes

The complexes cis-diamminebis-cholylglycinate (O,O') [Pt(II) C(52)H(90)N(4)O(12)Pt, for convenience referred to as Bamet-R1] and cis-diamminebis-ursodeoxycholate (O,O') Pt(II) (C(48)H(84)N(2)O(8)Pt, Bamet-UD2) were prepared. The structural integrity of the compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR, FAB-MS, and UV spectroscopies. The kinetic study of both compounds was accomplished by combining the conductivity measurement and those of the analysis of the electronic spectra in aqueous solution for NaCl concentrations of 4 mM (similar to cytoplasmatic concentration), 150 mM (similar to plasmatic concentration), and 500 mM. In water, the compound Bamet-R1 showed a half-life, t(1/2), of 3.0 h. This compound forms the chelate species through loss of a ligand, and the other one acts as a bidentate ligand. Ring opening in the presence of chloride ion was produced with a k(Cl)()-of 0.25 M(-)(1) h(-)(1). The half-life of Bamet-UD2 in aqueous solution was 3.2 h. However, since this species is not able to chelate and has a lower degree of solubility in the presence of chloride ion, its kinetic behavior was very different from that of the other compound. We consider this to be of great interest with regards to its cytostatic activity. All kinetic measurements were performed under pseudo-first-order conditions, and a pseudo-first-order behavior was found. The antitumoral effect of Bamet-UD2 on several cell lines derived from rat hepatoma, human hepatoma, mouse leukemia, and human colon carcinoma was found to be, in general, similar to that of cisplatin, but higher than that observed for Bamet-R1.     

Genetic variation in the soil phthiracarid mite, Steganacarus (S.) magnus (Nicolet, 1855) (Acarida, Oribatida) (Notulae Oribatologicae XL)

Genetic divergence and variability at 14 enzyme loci were examined in and between Italian populations of two edaphic Oribatid (Acarida, Oribatida) species, Steganacarus (Steganacarus) magnus (8 populations) and S. (S.) hirsutus (1 population). The seven populations belonging to S. (S.) magnus can be divided into two groups according to their phenotype, form anomala (A) (MON, ARG, AST, CDO) and form magna (M) (MAL, MAM, RIF) while another can be considered as hybrid between the two preceding groups (ZOC). Genetic identity (I) values between the S. (S.) magnus populations in spite of their morphological differences ranged from 0.977 to 1.000 showing the great genetic similarity of simple local populations while those of S. (S.) hirsutus indicated two distinct morphological species. The genetic distances between all the populations examined were very low despite the ecological differences and geographical distances between the collecting sites. Genetic variability estimates in all the populations of both species were very low when compared to those reported for most arthropods. Some explanatory considerations are suggested.     

Spermatozoa and spermiogenesis of Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) (Pholcidae, Araneae)

Until now, the knowledge on pholcid spermatozoa is based on two species, Pholcus phalangioides and, incompletely, Holocnemus pluchei. To complete this knowledge and to reveal more potential phylogenetic characters, we have investigated sperm ultrastructure and spermiogenesis of H. pluchei. We found that the sperm cells of this species are clearly different from those of P. phalangioides with respect to: (1) the lack of specialization in the cylindrical acrosomal vacuole; (2) a nuclear canal which is located in the periphery and not in the center of the nucleus; (3) a more prominent postcentriolar elongation of the nucleus; (4) the presence of "inner microtubules" in the implantation fossa in early and mid-spermatids; (5) the absence of a helical band of nuclear material; (6) the proximal centriole which is not prolonged; (7) the types of secretion in the seminal fluid (only two types in H. pluchei). Similarities in the spermatozoa of both species concern: (1) a large implantation fossa which contains large amounts of glycogen in mature spermatozoa; (2) absence of a centriolar adjunct; (3) an axonemal basis located in the posterior part of the implantation fossa; (4) the formation of the so-called cleistospermia in the vas deferens. Our results strongly support systematic relationships within Pholcidae placing these two species in different subgroups.     

First description of the female of Sarcophaga (Sarcorohdendorfia) gracilior (Chen, 1975) (Diptera,Sarcophagidae)

Sarcophaga (Sarcorohdendorfia) gracilior (Chen, 1975) is documented from specimens collected in Hubei Province, China, using morphological characters and wing interference patterns (WIPs). The female of S. (S.) gracilior is described for the first time, the male is redescribed, and both sexes are photographed. The distribution of the species is updated.     

Diamminetetrakis(carboxylato)platinum(IV) Complexes - Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity

A series of eight novel diamminetetrakis(carboxylato)platinum(IV) complexes was synthesized and characterized by multinuclear (1) H-, (13) C-, (15) N-, and (195) Pt-NMR spectroscopy. Their antiproliferative potency was evaluated in three human cancer cell lines representing ovarian (CH1), lung (A549), and colon carcinoma (SW480). In cisplatin-sensitive CH1 cancer cells, cytotoxicity was found in the low micromolar range, whereas, in inherently cisplatin-resistant A549 and SW480 cells, the activity was very low or negligible. Astonishingly, raise in lipophilicity of the complexes, as found in the case of cisplatin analogs, did not result in a significant enhancement of the cytotoxic effect.     

Potamonautes (Platypotamonautes) ecorssei (Marchand, 1902) (Decapoda, Potamonautidae) new to Ghana and northern Nigeria

The West African river crab, Potamonautes (Platypotamonautes) ecorssei (Marchand, 1902) is reported to occur for the first time in Ghana and for only the second time in Nigeria. Its geographical range is extended south to include the Volta river basin in Ghana, and east to northwest Nigeria, a distance of some 1200 km.     

Magnetic resonance studies of Mn(II)-, Mn(III)-, and Fe(III)-conalbumin complexes.

Apoconalbumin binds Mn(II) at two sites with association constants of K1 = 7 (+/- 1) X 10(4) and K2 = 0.4 (+/- 0.25) X 10(4) M-1. The binding is tighter in the presence of excess bicarbonate resulting in K1 = 1.8 (+/- 0.2) X 10(5) and K2 = 3 (+/- 2) X 10(4) M-1. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum (at both 9 and 35 GHz) of Mn(II) bound at the tight site reveals a rhombic distortion (lambda = E/D approximately equal to 0.25-0.31) in the protein ligand environment of the mental ion. An evaluation of the 1/pT1p, paramagnetic contribution to the longitudinal relaxation rate of solvent protons with Mn(II)-, Mn(III)-, and Fe(III)-derivatives of conalbumin revealed that the mental ion in each site of conalbumin is accessible to one water molecule. For Mn(II)-conalbumin and Mn(III)-conalbumin species, inner coordination sphere protons are rapidly exchanging with the bulk solvent, while slow exchange conditions prevail for Fe(III)-conalbumin.     

Epsilon subunit, an endogenous inhibitor of bacterial F(1)-ATPase, also inhibits F(0)F(1)-ATPase

Since the report by Sternweis and Smith (Sternweis, P. C., and Smith, J. B. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 526-531), the epsilon subunit, an endogenous inhibitor of bacterial F(1)-ATPase, has long been thought not to inhibit activity of the holo-enzyme, F(0)F(1)-ATPase. However, we report here that the epsilon subunit is exerting inhibition in F(0)F(1)-ATPase. We prepared a C-terminal half-truncated epsilon subunit (epsilon(DeltaC)) of the thermophilic Bacillus PS3 F(0)F(1)-ATPase and reconstituted F(1)- and F(0)F(1)-ATPase containing epsilon(DeltaC). Compared with F(1)- and F(0)F(1)-ATPase containing intact epsilon, those containing epsilon(DeltaC) showed uninhibited activity; severalfold higher rate of ATP hydrolysis at low ATP concentration and the start of ATP hydrolysis without an initial lag at high ATP concentration. The F(0)F(1)-ATPase containing epsilon(DeltaC) was capable of ATP-driven H(+) pumping. The time-course of pumping at low ATP concentration was faster than that by the F(0)F(1)-ATPase containing intact epsilon. Thus, the comparison with noninhibitory epsilon(DeltaC) mutant shed light on the inhibitory role of the intact epsilon subunit in F(0)F(1)-ATPase.     

Synthesis and characterization of N-methyliminodiacetato trans-R,R-, trans-S,S-, and cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum (IV) complexes: crystal structure of chloro(trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) (N-methyliminodiacetato) platinum(IV) chloride.

The compounds, chloro(trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) (N-methyliminodiacetato)platinum(IV) chloride, chloro(trans-S,S-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)(N-methyliminodiacetato) platinum(IV) chloride, and chloro(cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)(N-methyliminodiacetato)platinum (IV) chloride, were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 195Pt NMR. The crystal structure of one of these three compounds, chloro(trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) (N-methyliminodiacetato) platinum(IV) chloride, was determined by x-ray single crystal diffraction. This compound is particularly interesting because the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) ring is in a twist-boat configuration rather than the chair configuration previously reported for other DACH platinum compounds. The crystal structure consists of two independent cations and anions, with all atoms between these two independent molecules (except those in the chiral DACH) related by a pseudo-inversion center. Both platinum atoms have slightly distorted octahedral coordination, with angles ranging from 81.8 to 100.8 degrees. Crystallographic details: space group P2(1) (monoclinic); a = 19.864(5) A, b = 7.026(2) A, c = 12.446(3) A, beta = 106.64(2) degrees; Z = 4; R = 0.036 for 2333 reflections.     

Etude morphologique de Syphatineria pearsi (Baylis, 1928) (Oxyuridae,Nematoda)

Syphatineria (Africanoxys) pearsi (Baylis, 1928) was described from an African squirrel, Heliosciurus rufobrachium (Waterhouse), in Nigeria. This species is re-described from specimens collected in an Heliosciurus gambianus (Ogilby) captured in Zaire. The morphological and biological characteristics of the subgenus Africanoxys Hugot, 1981 are discussed. The subgenus Africanoxys is specific to African rain forest squirrels and, based upon the lengths of the spicule and gubernaculum, two different groups can be distinguished in this subgenus. The first group is parasitic in the Funambulini and the second one is parasitic in the Protoxerini and in Aethosciurus poensis (A. Smith). Although the taxonomic status of genus Aethosciurus is controversial, Parasitology allows us to relate Aethosciurus to the Protoxerini rather than to the Funambulini.

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Etude morphologique de Syphatineria pearsi (Baylis, 1928) (Oxyuridae, Nematoda)

Résumé Syphatineria (Africanoxys) pearsi (Baylis, 1928), un oxyure décrit chez un écureuil africain, Heliosciurus rufobrachium (Waterhouse), au Nigéria, est redécrit à partir d'un matériel collecté chez un Heliosciurus gambianus (Ogilby), capturé au Zaire. Les caractéristiques du sous-genre Africanoxys Hugot, 1981 sont ensuite discutées. Le sous-genre Africanoxys est spécifique des écureuils du bloc forestier congolais. On peut distinguer deux groupes dans le sous-genre d'après la longueur du spicule et celle du gubernaculum. Les parasites du premier groupe ont tous pour hôtes des Funambulini. Les parasites du deuxième groupe ont pour hôtes des Protoxerini et Aethosciurus poensis (A. Smith). La parasitologie apporte donc des arguments à l'hypothèse d'un rapprochement d'Aethosciurus poensis (dont la position systématique est controversée), avec les Protoxerini plutôt qu'avec les Funambulini.

     

New species of Haplometroides (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae) from Phalotris nasutus (Gomes, 1915) (Serpentes, Colubridae)

A new species of Haplometroides (Digenea, Plagiorchiidae) is described from a specimen of Phalotris nasutus (Gomes, 1915) (Serpentes, Colubridae). The host snake was obtained in the municipality of Corumbd, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Trematodes were recovered from esophagus, stomach, and small intestine of the host. The main characteristic of the new species is the vitellaria, which is intercecal, cecal, and extracecal in the preacetabular region. A key for identification of the species in Haplometroides is proposed.     

Synthesis, catalytic activity, phosphatase inhibition activity, and X-ray structural characterization of vanadium scorpionate complexes, (Tpms)VCl2(DMF) and (Tpms)VOCl(DMF)

The complexes (Tpms)VCl₂(DMF) (1), and (Tpms)VOCl(DMF) (2), have been synthesized and characterized. Complex 2 has also been structurally characterized via X-ray diffractometry. The vanadium(IV) center possesses a square pyramidal/distorted octahedral geometry with a facially coordinating Tpms⁻ ligand in a κ³-N,N,O coordination mode. The complex is the first structurally characterized example of a vanadium(IV) complex with Tpms⁻. Complex 2 shows catalytic activity towards oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butyl catechol and also exhibits phosphatase inhibition characteristics on alkaline phosphatase. Tpms⁻ = trispyrazolylmethanesulfonate; DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide.     

Tonnacypris glacialis (Ostracoda, Cyprididae): taxonomic position, (palaeo-) ecology, and zoogeography

Abstract. The freshwater ostracod Tonnacypris glacialis (Sars, 1890) is reported from the European Pleistocene for the first time. The historical allocation of the species is discussed, and the species composition and characteristics of Tonnacypris Diebel & Pietrzeniuk (1975) and its phylozoogeography are considered. The significance of T. glacialis is reviewed, particularly from the viewpoint of the possible implications of parthenogenesis (and occasional-male production) for the Quaternary history of the genus, and for the use of the species in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. It is suggested that the Pleistocene fossil occurrence of T. glacialis in modern temperature latitudes is a robust indicator of mean summer temperatures of 6°C.     

(Dien)M(II) (M=Pd, Pt) and (NH3)3Pt(II) complexes of 1-methylcytosine: Linkage and rotational isomerism, metal-promoted deamination, and pathways to dinuclear species

Despite their structural similarity, [Pt(dien)(1-MeC-N3)](2+) (1), [Pd(dien)(1-MeC-N3)](2+) (2), and [Pt(NH(3))(3)(1-MeC-N3)](2+) (3) (with dien=diethylenetriamine and 1-MeC=neutral 1-methylcytosine) behave in part markedly different at strongly alkaline pH (12-13) and at room temperature. While 1 and 2, yet not 3 show linkage isomerization from N3 to N4, deamination of the cytosine nucleobase to 1-methyluracilate occurs with 1 and 3, yet not with 2. Pathways leading to N3,N4-diplatinated 1-MeC(-) complexes (1-MeC(-)=1-methylcytosine, deprotonated at exocyclic amino group N4) have been studied at high pH by starting from 1 and 3, respectively, and adding (dien)Pt(II). It appears that initial migration of the metal entity from N3 to N4, followed by binding of the second metal to the available N3 site, is favored over sequential coordination to N3 and then N4. X-ray crystal data of 1-3 density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and NMR ((1)H, (195)Pt) data are presented.