张家界大鲵生境特征

2006—2008年的7—8月,对湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区境内大鲵栖息河段及其洞穴特征、水质和饵料生物资源进行了实地观测和取样分析,研究了该保护区野生大鲵的生境特征.结果表明：研究区大鲵栖息河段海拔适中,在（373±97） m,河宽与河深均较小,分别为（6.39±2.13） m和（1.07±0.53) m;河段底质均为石质性结构,多为卵石或礁石,河床多为不规则型,河岸多为石壁;两岸植被类型多为灌木丛,植被覆盖度（>50% ）与坡度［（58±17）°］均较大;研究河段的水流速较大,在（0.33±0.08） m·s^-1,且人为干扰较弱.研究区大鲵栖息地的洞穴数量较多,达（4±2）个·100 m^-1,洞穴中水的流速较小,在（0.22±0.10） m·s^-1.大鲵栖息处水质溶解氧较高,为（7.23±0.85） mg·L^-1,化学耗氧量与总氮含量均较低,分别为（4.00±2.51）和（0.11±0.15） mg·L^-1,总硬度适中,为（137.16±67.69） mg·L^-1,大肠菌群较少,为（3419±3407） ind·L^-1.对研究区大鲵种群数量影响最大的饵料生物是蟹,其次为虾.     

张家界大鲵生境特征

2006—2008年的7—8月,对湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区境内大鲵栖息河段及其洞穴特征、水质和饵料生物资源进行了实地观测和取样分析,研究了该保护区野生大鲵的生境特征.结果表明：研究区大鲵栖息河段海拔适中,在（373±97） m,河宽与河深均较小,分别为（6.39±2.13） m和（1.07±0.53) m;河段底质均为石质性结构,多为卵石或礁石,河床多为不规则型,河岸多为石壁;两岸植被类型多为灌木丛,植被覆盖度（>50% ）与坡度［（58±17）°］均较大;研究河段的水流速较大,在（0.33±0.08） m·s^-1,且人为干扰较弱.研究区大鲵栖息地的洞穴数量较多,达（4±2）个·100 m^-1,洞穴中水的流速较小,在（0.22±0.10） m·s^-1.大鲵栖息处水质溶解氧较高,为（7.23±0.85） mg·L^-1,化学耗氧量与总氮含量均较低,分别为（4.00±2.51）和（0.11±0.15） mg·L^-1,总硬度适中,为（137.16±67.69） mg·L^-1,大肠菌群较少,为（3419±3407） ind·L^-1.对研究区大鲵种群数量影响最大的饵料生物是蟹,其次为虾.     

涅温花楸的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称涅温花楸(Sorbus nevezhinskaia). 2材料类别幼嫩茎段. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS和Nitsch.(1)诱导培养基:Nitsch 6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA0.2;(2)继代增殖培养基:MS 6.BA 0.5 NAA 0.2;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA 0.1 NAA 0.1.以上培养基中均加入6 g·L-1琼脂、30 g·L-1蔗糖,pH 5.8.培养室温度(24±2)℃,光照12 h·d-1,光照强度为30～40 μmol·m-2·s-1     

鲁梅克斯的组织培养和植株再生

1植物名称鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模(Rumexpatientia×Rumex tianschanicus). 2材料类别幼嫩花序. 3培养条件培养基为:(1)诱导和增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1 mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)生根培养基:1/2MS NAA 0.2.培养基(1)、(2)附加200 mg·L-1水解酪蛋白、30 g·L-1蔗糖、6.5g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.8～6.0,120℃灭菌20 min.培养温度为(26±2)℃,光照8～10 h·d-1,光照度为800～1000lx.     

加州蓝铃花的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称加州蓝铃花(Phacelia campanularia A.Gray). 2材料类别茎段和茎尖. 3培养条件(1)诱导芽萌发培养基:1/2MS(MS大量元素用量减半);(2)增殖培养基:1/2MS 6-BA 0.5mg·L-1(单位下同) NaA 0.2;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA 0.2 NAA 0.2.以上培养基中均加入6 g·L-1琼脂和30 g·L-1蔗糖,pH 5.9～6.0.培养室中温度为(24±1)℃,光照时间为16 h·d-1,光照强度约为60μmol·m-2·s-1.     

张家界大鲵人工放流效果及其影响因素分析

大鲵(Andrias davidianus)是我国特有的两栖动物, 由于栖息地破坏和人类过度捕杀等, 种群数量急剧下降, 被列为我国II类保护野生动物。为探索大鲵人工放流的有效方法, 实现野生大鲵资源增殖, 作者对2002–2008年间在湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区内进行的大鲵人工放流活动与放流效果进行了评估, 并通过对放流点的隐蔽物、水质及饵料生物等生境特点的分析, 探讨影响放流成败的因素。该保护区内共在9处大鲵原栖息地进行了11次人工放流活动, 共放流各种规格大鲵995尾, 其中4次成功。成功放流的大鲵为1–4.5 kg的性成熟个体, 雌雄比在1:1和1:1.5之间, 成功放流点均有良好的后期管理措施, 如建立保护站, 补充饵料等。虽然所选择的多数放流点生境基本能满足大鲵生长和繁殖的要求, 但由于受水质、饵料或安全某一因素的制约, 野生大鲵资源增殖效果不明显, 导致放流失败。因此我们认为依据野生大鲵繁殖的生境特征标准, 科学选择放流地点, 选择性成熟的大鲵在春季放流, 并进行完善的后期跟踪保护, 可能是大鲵人工放流成功和实现资源增殖的有效途径。     

大花细辛的组织培养

1植物名称大花细辛(Asarum maximum Hemsl.). 2材料类别茎段. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS.芽增殖培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 1.0～2.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.1;壮苗培养基:(2)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.1;生根培养基:(3)1/2MS IBA 1.0 NAA 0.2.以上培养基蔗糖浓度(1)和(2)为3.0%,(3)为2.0%;琼脂7.0g·L-1,pH 5.4～5.6.培养温度为(25±2)℃,连续光照12 h·d-1,光强40μmol·m-2·s-1.     

瓶儿花的组织培养和植株再生

1植物名称瓶儿花(Cestrum purpureum). 2材料类别带芽茎段. 3培养条件(1)初代培养基:MS 6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.01 3%蔗糖;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.1 3%蔗糖;(3)生根培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA 0.5 1.5%蔗糖.上述培养基均附加0.7%琼脂,pH 5.8～6.0.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照时间为12 h·d-1,光强30～40μmol·m-2·s-1.     

茶条槭的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称茶条槭(Acer ginnala Maxim.). 2材料类别嫩茎段. 3培养条件(1)启动培养基:木本培养基 6-BA1.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) 3%蔗糖;(2)增殖和生根培养基:木本培养基 IBA 0.1 3%蔗糖.以上培养基均加0.5%琼脂,pH 5.8.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照时间12 h·d-1,光强为40μmol·m-2·s-1.     

欧洲甜樱桃矮化砧木Rus-25的组织培养与植株再生

1植物名称欧洲甜樱桃(Cerasus avium)矮化砧木. 2材料类别茎尖或带腋芽并已木质化的茎段. 3培养条件(1)芽诱导培养基:MS 6-BA 0.6～0.8mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA 0.02～0.03;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA 0.5(暗培养8 d).其中琼脂6.5 g·L-1,培养基(1)、(2)中含蔗糖30 g·L-1,(3)中20 g·L-1,pH 5.6～5.8.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照度为2000～3000 lx,光照时间10～12 h·d-1.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。