铜绿假单胞菌cntRLMN操纵子介导锌离子摄取的功能鉴定

【目的】本研究以铜绿假单胞菌PAO1 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1,菌种编号ATCC15692)为对象,研究cntRLMN在锌离子摄取中的功能。【方法】在ΔznuBC的基础上,以同源重组的方法构建了cntRLMN的各种突变菌株,通过质粒接合转移的方法构建其互补菌株及lacZ转录融合报告菌株,运用β-半乳糖苷酶酶活检测研究了Zur蛋白对cntRLMN的转录调控,凝胶阻滞实验(EMSA)检验Zur蛋白与cnt启动子及cnt启动子的突变片段的体外结合,并进一步通过生长曲线分析对cntRLMN中cntR、cntL、cntN等基因的锌离子摄取功能进行了分析和鉴定。最终,通过构建大蜡螟幼虫的侵染模型来研究cntRLMN对铜绿假单胞菌毒力发挥的影响。【结果】lacZ转录融合的酶活分析显示cntRLMN受Zur蛋白的负调控,其表达以Zur蛋白依赖的方式受锌离子饥饿的诱导;EMSA实验的结果显示cntRLMN的启动子可以与His-Zur结合形成DNA-蛋白质复合体,结合位点为GCGTTATAGTATATCAT;生长曲线和大蜡螟幼虫侵染实验的分析结果显示ZnuBC和CntRLMN的功能存在互补性,仅znuBC和cntRLMN双缺失突变时菌株在限锌培养条件下的生长和对大蜡螟幼虫的毒性才受到显著抑制,说明CntRLMN代表另一种独立的锌离子摄取系统。【结论】cntRLMN是受Zur直接负调控的另一种独立的铜绿假单胞菌锌离子摄取系统,对铜绿假单胞菌毒力的发挥起重要作用。     

铜绿假单胞菌铁摄取与生物被膜形成研究进展

生物被膜是单细胞微生物通过其分泌的胞外多聚基质粘附于介质表面并将其自身包绕其中而成的膜样微生物细胞聚集物。生物被膜的形成使细菌具有更强的适应外界环境的能力,也是导致微生物产生耐药性及慢性感染性疾病难以治疗的重要原因之一。铜绿假单胞菌在肺部的定殖是肺囊性纤维化病患者发病和死亡主要原因,其造成的感染通常与形成抗生素抗性极强的生物被膜有关。铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的形成受控于多种复杂的细菌调控体系之下,包括群体感应系统及参与调节胞外多聚基质合成的双组分调控系统等。此外,为了利用低浓度的环境铁来维持生存并完成各种生理功能,铜绿假单胞菌进化出了一系列铁摄取系统,这些系统对其毒力因子的释放和生物被膜的形成又起着重要的调控作用。本文主要对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的形成与调控机制及其铁摄取系统进行了综述,为进一步了解及清除铜绿假单胞菌引发的问题提供途径与思路。     

铜绿假单胞菌生物膜研究进展

生物膜（biofilm,BF）是细菌为了适应生存环境的需要而形成的与浮游细胞相对应的生存形式,是细菌生来具有的本领。不同的细菌形成生物膜的能力是不同的,铜绿假单胞菌极易形成生物膜,临床许多生物医学材料相关感染和某些慢性顽固性感染性疾病都与之密切相关,在生物膜中的细菌不仅耐抗生素还可耐抗体的杀菌作用,危害性严重。     

铜绿假单胞菌中群体感应系统研究进展

群体感应系统(Quorum-sensing system,QS)是一个依赖于细胞数量的基因调控系统。系统中的自诱导物(Autoinducer或AI)随细胞的数量增加而变化,当细胞数达到一定数量时,系统中的自诱导物达到一定的域值时可以与一类转录调节蛋白结合,开始诱导或抑制数量众多的基因表达,使细菌表现多细胞特性的群体行为。同时,群体感应系统受到许多外界环境因素的影响,其调节途径是一个极其复杂的级联过程。此外,以群体感应系统为药物靶点来筛选新型抗菌药物越来越受到人们的重视。结合作者本人的工作及铜绿假单胞菌中群体感应系统的最新研究进展,对该系统在铜绿假单胞菌中的作用及其调控途径进行分析、探讨和总结。     

铜绿假单胞菌感染的非抗生素治疗研究进展

铜绿假单胞菌是引起多种人体感染的常见致病菌,目前主要采用抗生素治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染.由于铜绿假单胞菌能对多种抗生素产生抗性,导致传统的抗生素治疗面临非常大的挑战.因而铜绿假单胞菌感染的非抗生素治疗方法受到了广泛重视,并取得了可喜的研究进展.本文从抗原抗体免疫疗法、噬菌体疗法、抗毒力因子疗法三个方面就铜绿假单胞菌的非抗生...     

铜绿假单胞菌分型研究进展

铜绿假单胞菌（特别是多重耐药菌株）是引起医院内感染,甚至大规模暴发流行的重要条件致病菌,本文对铜绿假单胞菌流行病学研究常用的两种分型方法（表型分型法及基因分型法）的研究现况和进展进行了简要介绍。     

铜绿假单胞菌超微结构观察

铜绿假单胞菌超微结构观察佳木斯医学院附一院感染科１５４００２高庆伟郭丽曼齐淑芳邱守义佳木斯医学院微生态学教研室杨景云华西医科大学传染科黄安华曹钟梁雷秉钧ＰＡ做为呼吸道感染的重要条件致病菌,广泛分布于自然界,亦常存在于上呼吸道、肠道、皮肤等处。可以通过...     

铜绿假单胞菌的双组分系统

双组分系统是存在于原核和少部分真核生物细胞中的信号转导系统,主要由组氨酸蛋白激酶和反应调节蛋白组成,通过感应外界环境信号、信号输入、磷酸基团传递、信号输出等环节调节基因表达,使细胞能更加适应环境变化。铜绿假单胞菌为条件致病菌,其双组分系统构成多样、功能复杂且参与介导耐药性产生,因此铜绿假单胞菌的双组分系统日益引起人们关注。本文对铜绿假单胞菌双组分系统的组成、信号转导机制、种类、研究方法及其临床意义进行了综述。     

铜绿假单胞菌czcCBA基因与生物修复

铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aerugionsa)的外排泵系统RND是它产生耐重金属离子胁迫的一个重要原因。阐述了编码RND外排泵czcCBA基因的作用机制,以期为下一步工作奠定基础。     

铜绿假单胞菌antABC操纵子的生物学效应分析

在铜绿假单胞菌中,色氨酸可通过KynABU犬尿氨酸途径被转化邻氨基苯甲酸,邻氨基苯甲酸进一步作为底物在烷基喹诺酮类化合物(alkyl quinolones, AQs)合成基因簇pqsABCDE的作用下被转化为AQs信号分子,包括2-庚基-3-羟基-4-喹诺酮(Pseudomonas quinolone signal, PQS)和2-庚基-4-喹诺酮(2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline, HHQ)。同时,邻氨基苯甲酸还能在邻氨基苯甲酸双加氧酶复合物AntABC的催化下被降解进入三羧酸循环,但AntABC在铜绿假单胞菌中所介导的生物学效应依然不清楚。【目的】 构建铜绿假单胞菌antABC的缺失突变株,并对该突变株的表型进行分析。【方法】 以铜绿假单胞菌PAO1为亲本菌株,通过同源重组的方法构建antABC缺失突变株,研究该操纵子对铜绿假单胞菌色氨酸降解、生物被膜形成、绿脓菌素合成、运动性和毒力等的影响。【结果】 缺失突变antABC或kynU均完全抑制了铜绿假单胞菌以色氨酸为唯一碳源的生长,而ΔpqsA则无该表型,说明antABC是铜绿假单胞菌降解色氨酸所必需的,并且在本研究指定的培养条件下KynABU-AntABC途径是该菌降解色氨酸的唯一途径。除了影响铜绿假单胞菌的色氨酸降解,缺失突变antABC通过诱导胞外多糖合成操纵子pel的表达进而促进铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的形成,还通过诱导绿脓菌素合成操纵子phz1和phz2的表达进而促进铜绿假单胞菌绿脓菌素的合成。缺失突变antABC还促进了铜绿假单胞菌的集群运动和蹭行运动。另外,进一步缺失突变pqsA则完全逆转ΔantABC的这些生理表型。因此,antABC对这些生理表型的调控依赖于AQs。然而缺失突变antABC确实使铜绿假单胞菌积累了更多的HHQ,但却抑制了PQS的合成。说明antABC对这些生理表型的调控主要依赖于HHQ。此外,缺失突变antABC还增强了铜绿假单胞菌对白菜和大蜡螟幼虫的毒力,但是进一步缺失突变pqsA只能部分逆转ΔantABC的这一毒力表型,同时缺失突变antABC也使铜绿假单胞菌积累了更多的邻氨基苯甲酸,因此缺失突变antABC对铜绿假单胞菌毒力的增强作用应该由HHQ和邻氨基苯甲酸共同介导。最后,生物信息学分析发现超过90%的铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株中antABC操纵子发生了错义突变,因此antABC有望作为判断铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株是否具有高毒力的生物标志物。【结论】 AntABC在铜绿假单胞菌的色氨酸降解、生物被膜形成、绿脓菌素合成、运动性和毒力等方面都发挥着重要的作用,这为针对铜绿假单胞菌的临床诊断和抗菌药物开发奠定了基础。     

Regulation of urea uptake inPseudomonas aeruginosa

The energy-dependent urea permease was studied in two strains ofPseudomonas aeruginosa, measuring the uptake (transport and metabolism) of¹⁴C-urea. In both strains urea uptakein vivo and urease activityin vitro differed significantly with respect to kinetic parameters, temperature and pH dependence and response to metabolic inhibitors. Ammonium strongly interfered both with the expression of the urea uptake system and its activity. The inhibition of the uptake activity by ammonium was partially relieved by hydraziniumsulfate, which prevented the translocation of ammonium into the cell, and in a methylammonium/ammonium transport-defective mutant of strain DSM 50071. Furthermore, methionine-sulfoximine, which prevented the intracellular glutamine formation from ammoniumvia inhibition of glutamine synthetase, relieved the inhibition of urea uptake by ammonium. These findings suggested that urea uptake activity inP. aeruginosa is regulated by intracellular glutamine.Abbreviations CCCP carbonylcyanide-m-chlorphenylhydrazone - DCCD dicyclohexylcarbodiimide - GS glutamine synthetase - MSX methionine-sulfoximine     

Zinc affects siderophore-mediated high affinity iron uptake systems in the rhizosphere Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2

Zinc concentrations ranging between 0.1 and 1 mm only slightly reduced maximal growth of wild-type Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2 in iron-limiting casamino acid medium, but had a clear negative effect on the growth of mutant MPFM1 (pyoverdin negative) and especially mutant KMPCH (pyoverdin and pyochelin negative). Production of pyoverdin by wild-type strain 7NSK2 was significantly increased in the presence of 0.5 mm zinc and could not be repressed by iron even at a concentration of 100 m. Siderophore detection via isoelectrofocusing revealed that mutant KMPCH did not produce any siderophores, while mutant MPFM1 overproduced a siderophore with an acidic isoelectric point, most likely pyochelin. Pyochelin production by MPFM1 was stimulated by the presence of zinc in a similar way as pyoverdin for the wild-type. Analysis of outer membrane proteins revealed that three iron regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs) (90, 85 and 75 kDa) were induced by iron deficiency in the wild-type, while mutants were found to have altered IROMP profiles. Zinc specifically enhanced the production of a 85 kDa IROMP in 7NSK2, a 75 kDa IROMP in MPFM1 and a 90 kDa IROMP in KMPCH.     

Studies on the characterization of rat prostate androgen receptors

Summary Choline used as the sole carbon or carbon and nitrogen source induces in Pseudomonas aeruginosa an active transport system. The induction of the choline uptake is repressed by succinate independently of the presence of ammonium ion in the culture medium. The repression mediated by succinate was insensitive to cyclic AMP. Substitution for dibutyryl-cyclic AMP was without effect. Choline metabolites that also support the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were poor inducer agents of the choline transport. Kinetic evidence and the employment of choline metabolites as effectors indicated that the choline uptake system of this bacterium is formed by at least two components: one of high affinity (Km=3 µM) and another of low affinity (Km=400 µM). Contrary to what occurs in the synaptosome system, the high affinity form for the choline uptake was not dependent on Na⁺ ions and is not inhibited by hemicholinium-3. Since Pseudomonas aeruginosa can utilize choline as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, the induction of the choline transport with two components in this bacterium may be related to its own strategy to survive and grow in an adverse environment.     

铜绿假单胞菌异质性耐药的研究进展

异质性耐药是指细菌中的同源亚群对某种抗生素表现出不同的敏感性,被认为是细菌由敏感进化成完全耐药的中间阶段.常规的临床检验无法有效检测出异质性耐药,这对临床治疗用药造成了巨大的威胁,引起患者的反复感染和用药失败.铜绿假单胞菌作为医院内感染的主要条件致病菌之一,其耐药机制已被广泛研究,而异质性耐药研究则相对较少.本文主要就...     

The white-line-in-agar test is not specific for the two cultivated mushroom associated pseudomonads, Pseudomonas tolaasii and Pseudomonas "reactans"

A sharply defined white line in vitro forms between the pathogenic form of Pseudomonas tolaasii and another Pseudomonas bacterium, referred to as "reactans". This interaction has been considered as highly specific. However, results presented in this study rise doubt about the strict specificity of this interaction, as some other pseudomonads, associated with the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus, also yielded a white line precipitate when they were streaked towards Pseudomonas tolaasii LMG 2342T. Moreover, some Finnish isolates inducing brown blotch symptoms on mushrooms like P. tolaasii(T), produced a typical white precipitate when streaked towards P. "reactans" LMG5329, even though phenotypical and genotypical features exclude these isolates from the species P. tolaasii. We propose that the white-line-in-agar (WLA) test should no longer be considered as an unequivocal diagnostic trait of P. tolaasii.     

Selection and preliminary characterization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain mineralizing selected isomers in a branchedchain dodecylbenzenesulphonate mixture

A bacterium able to grow at the expense of some isomers in a commercial surfactant preparation consisting of branched-chain dodecylbenzenesulphonate was isolated (W51), and it was identified as a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. A faster growing derivative was selected (W51D) after enrichment in batch culture under microaerobic conditions, using the surfactant as the sole source of carbon and energy. Strain W51D is the first microorganism reported to degrade at least 70% of a branched-chain alkylbenzenesulphonate mixture and to be resistant to high concentrations of this surfactant. The ability to degrade the surfactant was shown to be transferred by conjugation to other P. aeruginosa strains and to an Escherichia coli strain.G. Soberón-Chávez and J. Campos are with the Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, México.A. Hädour and L. Ramos are with Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Protesor Albareda 1, Granada 18008, España. J. Ortigoza is with Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apdo. Postal 42-186. México D.F. 11340. México.     

铜绿假单胞菌fur基因缺失突变株的构建及其表型分析

铁摄取调节蛋白(ferric uptake regulator, Fur)是控制铜绿假单胞菌铁代谢和毒力的关键调节因子。许多课题组尝试构建铜绿假单胞菌fur的缺失突变株均失败,因此铜绿假单胞菌的fur一直被认为是必需基因,这导致其生物学功能一直未得到全面的解析。【目的】构建铜绿假单胞菌fur的缺失突变株,并对该突变株的表型进行分析。【方法】以铜绿假单胞菌PAO1为亲本菌株,通过同源重组的方法构建fur缺失突变株,研究该基因对铜绿假单胞菌生长、铁载体生物合成、抗氧胁迫能力、鞭毛形成、生物被膜形成和毒力等的影响。同时,通过遗传分析对fur缺失突变株生长缺陷表型的原因进行探究。【结果】本研究成功构建了铜绿假单胞菌fur基因的缺失突变株,发现缺失突变fur极大地限制了铜绿假单胞菌的生长能力,并降低了该菌对限铁环境的生长适应性,但不影响该菌对高铁环境的生长适应性。铜绿假单胞菌Δfur的这种生长缺陷表型是细胞生长增殖变慢造成的,而不是诱导细胞死亡引起的。然而,其他异源的fur基因能完全互补Δfur的这种生长缺陷表型,暗示铜绿假单胞菌的Fur蛋白在功能上不存在独特性。尽管Fur与毒素-抗毒素系统PacTA存在功能关联性,但是铜绿假单胞菌Δfur的这种生长缺陷表型却与PacT毒素无关。除了影响铜绿假单胞菌的生长表型,缺失突变fur还使铜绿假单胞菌丧失了对铁载体生物合成的抑制作用,导致该菌对H₂O₂更敏感并丧失了鞭毛的形成能力,同时降低了该菌对大蜡螟幼虫的毒力。此外,缺失突变fur还显著提升了铜绿假单胞菌的胞内环二鸟苷酸(cyclic diguanylate, c-di-GMP)水平,从而诱导pelF和pslA基因的表达,进而促进铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的形成。【结论】fur是可以缺失的非必需基因,在铜绿假单胞菌的正常生长、铁载体生物合成、抗氧胁迫能力、鞭毛形成、生物被膜形成和毒力等方面都发挥着十分重要的作用,这为针对铜绿假单胞菌的疫苗和抗菌药物开发奠定了基础。     

构建冻干无细胞生物传感器快速检测临床铜绿假单胞菌感染

【目的】铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)是常见于医院感染的条件致病革兰氏阴性细菌,其群体感应信号3-氧代十二烷酰基高丝氨酸内酯(3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone,3OC12-HSL)可作为铜绿假单胞菌感染的生物标志物。本研究期望开发针对3OC12-HSL的冻干无细胞生物传感器,以实现临床铜绿假单胞菌感染的快速诊断。【方法】首先构建报告质粒以重建3OC12-HSL的应答过程,而后将该质粒加入冻干无细胞表达系统中以实现生物传感器的制备;接着利用梯度浓度的3OC12-HSL表征该传感器的灵敏度与动力学特征,并测试其底物特异性;最后通过临床样本测试验证其效果,并优化临床样本的预处理方法。【结果】本研究构建的冻干无细胞生物传感器能够在60 min内实现对临床呼吸道样本中铜绿假单胞菌感染的诊断,具有高灵敏度和高特异性。【结论】本研究构建了针对3OC12-HSL的冻干无细胞生物传感器,并借助RNase抑制蛋白预表达的策略提升了其对体液样本的耐受性,最终证明其具备开发成临床铜绿假单胞菌感染的快速检测方法的潜力。