超声图像定量诊断研究——附123例分析

自1993年以来,我们用自制的DFY—Ⅰ型多功能超声定量诊断仪,测定组织结构超声图像的分贝(dB)、灰阶(GS)值。本文检测分析123例正常心脏,肝脏、肾脏、胎盘及胎儿骨骼测值,在超声定量诊断上迈出了步子。     

风心病二尖瓣病变的超声心动图定量诊断研究——附76例分析

自1993年以来,我们用自制的QR—Ⅰ型多功能超声定量诊断仪,测定心脏结构超声图像的分贝(dB)、灰阶(GS)值。本文检测分析76例正常及风心病二尖瓣病变者二尖瓣、腱索、主动脉前壁及室间隔测值在超声定量诊断上迈出了步子。     

基于启发式A^＊算法的超声图像颈动脉内膜提取

从超声图像准确提取颈动脉内膜,为基于颈动脉超声图像判断动脉粥样硬化服务。方法提出一种基于启发式A*算法从超声图像中提取颈动脉内膜边缘的方法。先使用图像分割法区分血管腔和血管壁,再采用结合图像灰度值特点的A*算法准确地提取颈动脉内膜边缘。结果通过对临床采集的32幅颈动脉超声图像的分析研究,表明本方法自动提取的结果与医生手工描绘的结果基本吻合。结论本方法有望应用于超声图像颈动脉内膜的自动提取。     

计算机辅助超声诊断提高卵巢癌诊断的准确性

目的:评估应用计算机辅助阴式超声诊断卵巢癌是否优于单独阴式超声诊断。方法:收集2013年9月-2015年3月在我院进行手术切除的卵巢肿块患者的术前阴式超声(TVS)图像资料,共124例(病理诊断良性80例,恶性44例),平均年龄54.2±9.7岁。建立的图像样本库,每名患者取4幅超声图像,共有496幅图像被分析。首先对图片库内的超声图像进行多模式序列超声识别系统的处理,应用灰度共生矩阵法,获得肿块的各种特征,将感兴趣区域分类为正常组织,良性肿块和恶性肿瘤。两名超声医生人工肉眼对卵巢肿块的原始阴式超声图片进行分析诊断,随后两名医师对计算机辅助诊断(CAD)处理后的图片再次分析诊断,以病理诊断为金标准,利用ROC曲线下肿块区域的面积参数评价单独TVS和TVS结合CAD诊断卵巢癌的准确度差异。比较应用CAD前后的特异性、敏感性、阳性预测值,阴性预测值等指标的差异。结果:TVS结合CAD诊断准确度高于单独TVS,单独TVS诊断ROC曲线下面积(Az)为0.791,95%可信区间[0.725-0.857],TVS结合CAD诊断Az为0.927,95%可信区间[0.883-0.970];TVS结合CAD组诊断卵巢癌的精确度(0.774 vs 0.919,P0.05)、特异性(0.738 vs 0.933,P0.05)及阳性预测值(0.650 vs 0.889,P0.05)较单独TVS诊断明显提高。结论:计算机辅助诊断技术可以辅助超声医师提高卵巢癌诊断的准确度。     

脂肪肝超声图像定量分析研究

本文应用ＤＦＹ－Ｉ型超声定量分析诊断仪,测定６０例脂肪肝超声图像的分贝（ｄＢ）灰阶（ＧＳ）值,同时与６０例的肝脏作比较。结果表明：脂肪组远场ｄＢ,ＧＳ值明显低于健康组,近场与远场的反差大于健康组,其它相关值亦有明显差异,本资料提示：“定量仪”对超声图像进行定量分析,对脂肪肝的诊断提供的可靠的依据。     

甲型副伤寒的腹部超声特征

目的探讨甲型副伤寒的腹部超声图像特征,以协助早期诊断。方法对1997年至2005年经血培养证实的364例甲型副伤寒的腹部超声表现作回顾性分析。结果甲型副伤寒的患者中脾肿大最多见,占57.1%,肝肿大占36.3%,胆囊炎症性改变占18.9%。结论腹部超声检查有助于甲型副伤寒的早期诊断。     

超声诊断科中的计算机应用

计算机发展的日新月异,其功能强、运算快、精度高、存取和查询方便,现已成为本科不可缺少的一个重要工具。我们利用图像处理软件将原灰阶图伪彩色化,检查近方例病人取得良好的效果;同时能将图像重排、加字等编辑和对某一区域作直方图计算;将图像存储、再现和传输,决不会降低图像质量。利用FOXBASE+等软件进行病人资料的管理、数据统计和文件处理。作者提出了超声的三维成像和图像处理网络的会诊中心,如能实现将是超声诊断上一台阶。     

眼部常见疾病的超声诊断分析

目的:总结眼部常见疾病的超声表现,探讨超声对其的诊断价值。方法:对2009年6月～2010年6月来我院超声科行眼部超声检查(占位性病变经手术或病理学结果证实)的63例患者的资料进行回顾性分析,归纳总结了眼部常见疾病的二维超声(2D)、彩色多普勒(CDFI)及超声造影(CEUS)表现。结果:眼部疾病的超声图像在位置、形状、边界、声学特点及对周围组织的影响等方面具有特征性表现;超声造影能有效地显示出病灶内的血管及血流灌注情况。结论:超声对眼部常见病的诊断是一种简便、无创、经济且诊断符合率高的辅助影像学方法,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

眼部常见疾病的超声诊断分析

目的：总结眼部常见疾病的超声表现,探讨超声对其的诊断价值。方法：对2009年6月～2010年6月来我院超声科行眼部超声检查（占位性病变经手术或病理学结果证实）的63例患者的资料进行回顾性分析,归纳总结了眼部常见疾病的二维超声（2D）、彩色多普勒（CDFI）及超声造影（CEUS）表现。结果：眼部疾病的超声图像在位置、形状、边界、声学特点及对周围组织的影响等方面具有特征性表现;超声造影能有效地显示出病灶内的血管及血流灌注情况。结论：超声对眼部常见病的诊断是一种简便、无创、经济且诊断符合率高的辅助影像学方法,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

一种非酒精性脂肪性肝病的超声影像人工智能辅助诊断系统开发

摘要 目的：结合人工智能方法设计针对肝脏超声影像的辅助诊断系统，辅助医生对大样本肝脏超声影像数据的标准化和高效化诊断，实现基于肝脏超声图像的非酒精性脂肪性肝病的精准诊断。方法：通过开发肝脏超声影像的识别与分类、脂肪肝分级分析和肝脏脂肪含量定量分析三个模块，建立一套非酒精性脂肪性肝病的超声影像人工智能辅助诊断系统，该系统能够自动区分输入到系统中不同采样视野的超声影像类型，并对肝脏超声图像进行数字化分析，给出待测超声图像是否呈现脂肪肝以及其肝脏脂肪含量的百分比值。结果：本研究中的超声图像识别分类模块可高通量区分出肝肾比图像和衰减率图像的两类超声影像，其分类的准确率达100%。脂肪肝分级分析模块在测试集数据的准确率达到84%，展现出可胜任辅助医生诊断的能力。基于人工肝脏脂肪含量定量方法开发的肝脏脂肪含量定量分析模块的准确率达到67.74%。结论：本研究已开发出一套基于肝脏超声影像的智能辅助诊断系统，可以辅助医生快速、简单、无创地筛选出潜在患有脂肪肝的患者，虽然现阶段实现肝脏脂肪定量分析仍有难度，但已展现出较大的临床应用潜力。     

The advancement in the early diagnostics of developmental hip dysplasia in infants--the role of ultrasound screening

Developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) is a deformation of the locomotor system that can occur on previously normal bone structures in late fetal development. The study was undertaken to determine the value of continuous ultrasound screening in early diagnosis of DDH. In the area covered by the Labin Primary Health Center, clinical and ultrasound examination of the hips was performed in all children during the fourth month of life from 1989 to 2001. The incidence of DDH was 3.3%. The authors compared the obtained results with results of clinically examined hips in the period from 1968 to 1988 (incidence 1.7%), before the ultrasound diagnostics was introduced. The hip radiograms were performed only in children with clinically positive signs of higher degree of DHD. The ultrasound examination was performed with Hitachi EUB 410 real time linear transducer with a 5 MHz probe. The examiners used methods and criteria suggested by Graf. The most useful feature of the ultrasound method is that it allows the visualization of cartilaginous femoral head and its relationship to the acetabulum in infants. The method is non-invasive, repeatable, without risk of ionizing radiation or need for the contrast material administration. The results of the study revealed an important increase of DHD incidence after the introduction of ultrasound examination. US is highly sensitive in hip imaging and reveals the existence of a number of dislocated and subluxated hips that otherwise would be missed. The anomaly was discovered in the early period of life, which is very important for appropriate therapeutic effects.     

Method of local action by focussed ultrasound on deep brain structures in unrestrained unanesthetized animals

A method of local effect of focused ultrasound has been devised for blocking brain structures of an unrestrained experimental animal. The effect of reversible blocking of the visual tract following focused ultrasound was recorded.     

Design of lymphedema ultrasound phantom with 3D-printed patient-specific subcutaneous anatomy: A-mode analysis approach for early diagnosis

The secondary lymphedema is mostly caused due to injury of lymphatic system during cancer treatment and its psychological and cosmetic issues are very critical for patients since it can cause severe thickening and swelling of lesions, mostly upper and lower limbs. Therefore, early diagnosis of the secondary lymphedema is more important to treat the symptoms in advance. The amplitude-mode (A-mode) ultrasound is suggested as an early diagnostic modality because it is relatively more cost-effective, portable, and easy to use than other previous diagnostic modalities. In order to see features of the A-mode ultrasound forearly diagnosis of lymphedema, ultrasound lymphedema phantoms were designed and fabricated with patient-specific subcutaneous honeycomb structures at the sub-stages of the international society of lymphedema (ISL) stage II and gelatin- or gelatin-salt based phantom materials. The patent-specific honeycomb structures were segmented from computed tomography (CT) venography images using various image process technologies and printed using a three dimensional (3D) printer for which its printing material shows similar acoustic impedance range with human subcutaneous tissues. The lymphedema phantoms showed similar subcutaneous anatomical features to those of patient's imagesin brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound examination, and acoustic information originated from the stage-specific honeycomb structures was well represented in A-mode ultrasound examination. In particular, the A-mode wave form well represented stage-specific honeycomb information even with higher impedance value of fibrous fat region. Such stage-specific wave form information of A-mode ultrasound for the corresponding stage-specific lymphedema phantoms at the ISL stage II can be useful for further development of an A-mode ultrasound applications for early diagnosis of the secondary lymphedema.     

A prospective analysis of endometrial cycle changes by ultrasound in the female cynomolgus monkey.

Endometrial cycle changes in adule female cynomolgus monkeys with normal ovulatory cycles were examined prospectively by real-time ultrasound. Endometrial thickness, as measured by ultrasound, was correlated with cycle day and serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels. We conclude that ultrasound is a reliable method of diagnosis of endometrial cycle stage.     

Dynamic morphometric characterization of local connective tissue network structure in humans using ultrasound

Background  

In humans, connective tissue forms a complex, interconnected network throughout the body that may have mechanosensory, regulatory and signaling functions. Understanding these potentially important phenomena requires non-invasive measurements of collagen network structure that can be performed in live animals or humans. The goal of this study was to show that ultrasound can be used to quantify dynamic changes in local connective tissue structure in vivo. We first performed combined ultrasound and histology examinations of the same tissue in two subjects undergoing surgery: in one subject, we examined the relationship of ultrasound to histological images in three dimensions; in the other, we examined the effect of a localized tissue perturbation using a previously developed robotic acupuncture needling technique. In ten additional non-surgical subjects, we quantified changes in tissue spatial organization over time during needle rotation vs. no rotation using ultrasound and semi-variogram analyses.     

Pregnancy diagnosis in swine: A comparison of the technique of rectal palpation and ultrasound

The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis in swine by rectal palpation and by ultrasound was compared using sows and gilts thirty days or more after breeding. A total of eighty-four pigs were included in this experiment and they were examined an average of thirty-nine days following breeding. Forty-nine animals were slaughtered within a few days of pregnancy examination and thirtyfive were allowed to farrow. Pregnancy status was correctly diagnosed by palpation per rectum in eighty-three of the eighty-four pigs (98.8%) and by ultrasound in eighty-one of the eighty-four pigs (96.6%) examined. The accuracy of the two methods was not significantly different.     

The correlation of changes of the optic nerve diameter in the acute retrobulbar neuritis with the brain changes in multiple sclerosis

The aim of this paper is to compare diameter of healthy and affected optic nerve determined by ultrasound with brain lesions in acute retrobulbar neuritis in patients with multiple sclerosis. In this prospective study 20 patients with multiple sclerosis and acute retrobulbar neuritis were examined. Optic nerve diameter was measured by ultrasound. Brain lesions were detected by magnetic resonance. Correlation between demyelinating lesions of the brain in multiple sclerosis and optic nerve diameter was tested by Kruskal-Wallis test. Significant difference in diameter between healthy and affected optic nerve in acute retrobulbar neuritis was found. Demyelinating brain changes examined by magnetic resonance revealed periventricular lesions, subcortical lesions and lesions in corpus callosum. There is statistically significant correlation between optic nerve diameter and number of brain lesions in multiple sclerosis, p < 0.05. Diameter of optic nerve in retrobulbar neuritis measured by ultrasound correlates with brain lesions detected by magnetic resonance in multiple sclerosis.     

Strain imaging of the lateral collateral ligament using high frequency and conventional ultrasound imaging: An ex-vivo comparison

Recent first attempts of in situ ultrasound strain imaging in collateral ligaments encountered a number of challenges and illustrated a clear need for additional studies and more thorough validation of the available strain imaging methods. Therefore, in this study we experimentally validated ultrasound strain measurements of ex vivo human lateral collateral ligaments in an axial loading condition. Moreover, the use of high frequency ultrasound (>20 MHz) for strain measurement was explored and its performance compared to conventional ultrasound. The ligaments were stretched up to 5% strain and ultrasound measurements were compared to surface strain measurements from optical digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The results show good correlations between ultrasound based and DIC based strain measures with R² values of 0.71 and 0.93 for high frequency and conventional ultrasound, subsequently. The performance of conventional ultrasound was significantly higher compared to high frequency ultrasound strain imaging, as the high frequency based method seemed more prone to errors. This study demonstrates that ultrasound strain imaging is feasible in ex vivo lateral collateral ligaments, which are relatively small structures. Additional studies should be designed for a more informed assessment of optimal in vivo strain measurements in collateral knee ligaments.     

Effect of ultrasound on DNA polymerase reactions: monitoring on a 27-MHz quartz crystal microbalance

Effects of ultrasound irradiation on DNA polymerase (Klenow fragment, KF) reactions were studied on the template/primer DNA-immobilized quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Under ultrasound irradiation, binding of KF to the DNA was suppressed due to the decrease of the binding rate constant (k(1)) and the increase of the dissociation rate constant (k(-)(1)). The catalytic elongation rate (k(cat)) was increased, but the stability of the KF/DNA/monomer ternary complex (K(m)) was decreased by the ultrasound irradiation. Ultrasound effects are discussed in correlation with the conformation changes of domain structures in KF.     

Comparison of barium swallow and ultrasound in diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children.

Fifty one infants and older children with suspected gastro-oesophageal reflux entered a study comparing the diagnostic accuracy of a standard barium swallow examination with that of ultrasound scanning. All children were examined by both techniques. In 40 cases there was unequivocal agreement between the examinations. Of the remaining patients, four had definite reflux by ultrasonic criteria but showed no evidence of reflux on barium swallow examination, four had positive findings on ultrasound but showed only minimal reflux on barium swallow, and one showed minimal reflux on ultrasound but had a negative barium meal result. In two children the ultrasound study was inconclusive. Ultrasound has an important role in the diagnosis and follow up of patients under the age of 5 years with gastro-oesophageal reflux.