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1.
Background
Genetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome (TS). Notably, Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene has been suggested as a possible candidate gene for this disorder. Several studies have demonstrated that DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of developing TS. However, past results remain conflicting. We addressed this controversy by performing a meta-analysis of the relationship between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and TS.Methods
Literature was searched in multiple databases including PUBMED, COCHRANE and WEB OF SCIENCE up to July 2014. The number of the genotypes for DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA in the TS and control subjects was extracted and statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.0.16 and Stata 12.0 software. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were utilized to calculate the risk of TS with DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA. Stratified analysis based on ethnicity was also conducted.Results
523 patients with TS, 564 controls and 87 probands plus 152 relatives from five published studies were finally involved in this meta-analysis. Combined analysis revealed that the overall ORs for the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA A1 allele were 1.69 (95%CIs = 1.42-2.00) in the fixed-effect model and 1.66 (95%CIs = 1.33-2.08) in the random-effects model. Stratification by ethnicity indicated the TaqIA A1 allele was significantly associated with TS in Caucasians (fixed-effect model: OR=1.75, 95%CI = 1.43-2.16; random-effect model: OR=1.69, 95%CI = 1.25-2.28) and in Asians (OR=1.54, 95%CI = 1.12-2.10). Meta-analysis of the A1A1 vs. A2A2 (homozygous model), A1A2 vs. A2A2 (heterozygous model) and A1A1+A1A2 vs. A2A2 (dominant model) of this polymorphism revealed a significant association with TS in overall populations and Caucasians.Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggested that the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism might contribute to TS susceptibility, especially in Caucasian population. However, further investigation with a larger number of worldwide studies should be conducted to verify the association. 相似文献2.
Epidemiologic studies have strongly implicated genetics in smoking behavior. Genes in the dopaminergic system, which mediates the reinforcing and dependence-producing properties of nicotine, are plausible candidates for roles in nicotine dependence (ND). In this study, we examined five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within or near the dopamine D1 receptor gene (DRD1) for their association with ND, which was assessed by smoking quantity (SQ), the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), and the Fagerström Test for ND (FTND). The samples were obtained from 2,037 participants representing 200 European American (EA) and 402 African American (AA) families. Although we found significant associations of SNPs rs265973, rs686, and rs4532 in the AA sample; of rs4532 in the EA sample; and of rs265975, rs686, and rs4532 in the pooled sample with various ND measures, only the association of rs686 in the AA sample and of rs686 and rs4532 in the pooled sample remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Haplotype-based association analysis revealed that haplotype C-T-A, formed by rs265973, rs265975, and rs686, was significantly associated with all three ND measures in both the AA and the pooled sample. Another haplotype, T-A-T, formed by rs265975, rs686, and rs4532, showed a significant association with FTND in the pooled sample. Furthermore, in a luciferase reporter assay, rs686, located in the 3′ untranslated region, caused differential luciferase activities, indicating that rs686 is a functional polymorphism affecting expression of DRD1. 相似文献
3.
Dopamine Genes (DRD2/ANKK1-TaqA1 and DRD4-7R) and Executive Function: Their Interaction with Obesity
M Ariza M Garolera MA Jurado I Garcia-Garcia I Hernan C Sánchez-Garre M Vernet-Vernet MJ Sender-Palacios I Marques-Iturria R Pueyo B Segura A Narberhaus 《PloS one》2012,7(7):e41482
Obesity is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction between genotype and environment, and it is considered to be a type of addictive alteration. The A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA gene has been associated with addictive disorders, with obesity and with the performance in executive functions. The 7 repeat allele of the DRD4 gene has likewise been associated with the performance in executive functions, as well as with addictive behaviors and impulsivity. Participants were included in the obesity group (N = 42) if their body mass index (BMI) was equal to or above 30, and in the lean group (N = 42) if their BMI was below 25. The DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA and DRD4 VNTR polymorphisms were obtained. All subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment. Eating behavior traits were evaluated. The ‘DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA A1-allele status’ had a significant effect on almost all the executive variables, but no significant ‘DRD4 7R-allele status’ effects were observed for any of the executive variables analyzed. There was a significant ‘group’ x ‘DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA A1-allele status’ interaction effect on LN and ‘group’ x ‘DRD4 7R-allele status’ interaction effect on TMT B-A score. Being obese and a carrier of the A1 allele of DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA or the 7R allele of DRD4 VNTR polymorphisms could confer a weakness as regards the performance of executive functions. 相似文献
4.
Background: studies investigating the associations between UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 (UGT1A7) gene polymorphisms and various carcinomas risk reported conflicting results. To derive a more precise estimation of the association, we have conducted a meta-analysis. Methods: data were collected from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Medline and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, with the last report up to September 2011. Case–control studies containing available genotype frequencies of UGT1A7 were chose. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used to assess the strength of association. Results: a total of 22 separate case–control studies including 3852 cases and 5604 controls based on the search criteria were involved in this meta-analysis. The combined results based on all studies showed that there was a statistically significant link between UGT1A7*3 allele and cancer risk (OR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.14–1.50, P = 0.0001). In the stratified analysis by racial descent, significant increased risk was found in Asian population for UGT1A7*3 allele (OR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.22–1.63, P < 0.00001). No significant associations were found between the UGT1A7 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility among Caucasians and African-Americans. In the subgroup analysis by cancer types, significant associations were found in UGT1A7*2 allele (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.06–1.43, P = 0.006) and *3 allele (OR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.11–2.06, P = 0.009) for hepatocellular carcinoma, *3 allele for lung cancer (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.11–1.68, P = 0.004) and for bladder cancer (OR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.09–2.07, P = 0.01). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that the UGT1A7*3 allele is a risk factor for cancer among Asians, especially for hepatocellular carcinoma. 相似文献
5.
Relationship of gastric cancer with the GSTM1 polymorphism was reported with inconsistent results. The objective of this study
was to quantitatively evaluate the association between GSTM1 polymorphism and gastric cancer susceptibility. Relevant studies
were identified from PubMed and references of retrieved articles. A meta-analysis was performed, which included 38 studies
with 6,605 gastric cancer cases and 11,311 controls. The combined result based on all studies showed there was a significant
link between GSTM1 null genotype and gastric cancer (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.08–1.34). When stratifying for the race, the phenomenon
was found that gastric cancer case had a significantly higher frequency of GSTM1 null genotype than control in Asians (OR = 1.27,
95%CI: 1.10–1.47). However, there was not enough evidence to show there was a significant difference in GSTM1 null genotype
distribution between gastric cancer case and control in Caucasians (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.96–1.32). This meta-analysis indicated
that GSTM1 null genotype might be associated with increased gastric cancer risk in Asians. However, this meta-analysis did
not provide an evidence of confirming association between GSTM1 polymorphism and gastric cancer in Caucasians. 相似文献
6.
Jianbing Hu Chuan Liu Qinghua Yin Mingzhen Ying Junhui Li Lian Li Chun-xia Zhou Yajie Wang 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2014,289(3):271-277
To date, epidemiological studies have assessed the association between CYP1A2-164 A/C polymorphism and colorectal cancer susceptibility. However, the results of these studies remained controversial. We aimed to examine the associations by conducting a meta-analysis of case–control studies. A total of 11 studies including 5,093 cases and 5,941 controls evaluated the association between the CYP1A2-164 A/C polymorphism and colorectal cancer susceptibility. No significantly associations were found in all genetic models (CC vs. AA: OR = 1.14, 95 % CI = 0.93–1.40; AC vs. AA: OR = 1.05, 95 % CI = 0.91–1.20; dominant model: OR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 0.95–1.24; recessive model: OR = 1.10, 95 % CI = 0.95–1.28). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity or source of controls, there were still no significant associations detected in all genetic models. This meta-analysis suggested the CYP1A2-164 A/C polymorphism was not a risk factor for increasing colorectal cancer, further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these conclusions. 相似文献
7.
− 866G/A polymorphism in the promoter of UCP2 gene has been reported to be associated with obesity, but the results remain inconclusive. To assess the relation of UCP2 − 866G/A polymorphism and obesity susceptibility, a meta-analysis was performed. PubMed, ISI, Wanfang database, VIP and CBM were searched to identify relevant studies up to July 31, 2012. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were pooled using fixed or random effect models. Subgroup analysis was performed by ethnicity (categorized as Asian and European). Heterogeneity and publication bias evaluation were performed to validate the credibility. Meta-regression and the ‘leave one out’ sensitive analysis were used to explore the potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. 14 studies were included in this meta-analysis. After exclusion of articles that deviated from the HWE in controls, and were the key contributors to between-study heterogeneity, the meta-analysis showed a significant association of the A allele with reduced risk of obesity in overall analysis and in European in the dominant, codominant and additional models. In Asian, no significant association was found between the − 866G/A in UCP2 gene and obesity susceptibility. The meta-analysis suggested that UCP2 − 866G/A polymorphism was associated with obesity. The A allele may be an important protective factor for obesity in European, but not in Asian. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship. 相似文献
8.
Serý O Vojtová V Zvolský P 《Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca》2001,50(1):43-50
We investigated the association between metamphetamine dependence and TaqI A polymorphism of the dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2), I/D polymorphism in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and M235T polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT) in 93 unrelated metamphetamine-dependent subjects and 131 controls. Our results did not prove any association of TaqI A polymorphism of the DRD2 gene, I/D polymorphism of ACE gene, and M235T polymorphism of AGT gene with the metamphetamine dependence in Caucasians of Czech origin. However, a significant difference in allele I frequency between male and female control groups for the I/D ACE polymorphism (p<0.03) was found. 相似文献
9.
Development of interpersonal relationships is a fundamental human motivation, and behaviors facilitating social bonding are prized. Some individuals experience enhanced reward from alcohol in social contexts and may be at heightened risk for developing and maintaining problematic drinking. We employed a 3 (group beverage condition) ×2 (genotype) design (N = 422) to test the moderating influence of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4 VNTR) polymorphism on the effects of alcohol on social bonding. A significant gene x environment interaction showed that carriers of at least one copy of the 7-repeat allele reported higher social bonding in the alcohol, relative to placebo or control conditions, whereas alcohol did not affect ratings of 7-absent allele carriers. Carriers of the 7-repeat allele were especially sensitive to alcohol's effects on social bonding. These data converge with other recent gene-environment interaction findings implicating the DRD4 polymorphism in the development of alcohol use disorders, and results suggest a specific pathway by which social factors may increase risk for problematic drinking among 7-repeat carriers. More generally, our findings highlight the potential utility of employing transdisciplinary methods that integrate genetic methodologies, social psychology, and addiction theory to improve theories of alcohol use and abuse. 相似文献
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12.
OBJECTIVES: About 25,000 serious methamphetamine abusers live in the Czech Republic among the total population of 10 million. Dependence on methamphetamine is markedly related to the brain neurotransmitter dopamine, metabolised by catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme. The main aim of the study was to ascertain whether the Val158Met catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism is associated with methamphetamine dependence in this Central European country. Methods: One hundred and twenty-three subjects dependent on methamphetamine (women N=44), parents of sixty-seven dependent individuals, and four hundred healthy controls (women N=250) were involved into the study. We performed a population-based as well as family-based genetic association studies. Results: We did not find any significant association between the Val158Met catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism and methamphetamine dependence using the population-based or family-based design (p=0.41-0.66; Chi-Square Test or UNPHASED program, Version 3.1.4, respectively). We found a trend toward a statistically significant difference between the Val allele carriers and Met/Met homozygotes in the frequence of psychotic symptoms induced by methamphetamine (more frequent in Val carriers; p=0.062; Chi-Square Test). Conclusion: Further research involving haplotype analysis and other dopamine-related genetic polymorphisms in large populations is needed. More attention should also be paid to possible role of the Val158Met catechol-O-methyl-transferase gene polymorphism in individual clinical subtypes of dependence on methamphetamine involving e.g. psychotic features or violence. 相似文献
13.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.
Published data on the association between CYP1A1 (MspI and Ile
462
Val) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk are inconclusive. To address these issues, we carried out a meta-analysis of available
case–control study. Online electronic searches of PubMed were performed. We identified 17 studies (6,673 colorectal cancer
patients and 8,102 control subjects) that examined the association between CYP1A1 (MspI and Ile
462
Val) polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer. For CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism, we performed a meta-analysis from 13 studies including 5,468 cases and 6,492 controls. Overall, there was no
statistically significant association between CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and colorectal cancer susceptibility. In the subgroup analyses based on ethnicities, no statistically significant
associations were observed in all genetic models. With respect to CYP1A1 Ile
462
Val polymorphism, a total of 14 studies including 6,654 cases and 7,859 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. The CYP1A1
Ile
462
Val polymorphism was associated with risk of colorectal cancer. Ethnic subgroup analyses revealed that significant associations
were found in Asians and Caucasians. In summary, this meta-analysis suggests that CYP1A1 Ile
462
Val polymorphism was a low-penetrance susceptibility gene in colorectal cancer development. On the contrary, CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism does not seem capable of modifying colorectal cancer risk. 相似文献
14.
Yuyun Huang Huilong ChenJianmiao Wang Hansvin BunjhooWeining Xiong Yongjian XuJianping Zhao 《Gene》2013
Background and objectives
The role of CCR2-V64I polymorphism in various cancers has been reported in many studies. However, results from published studies on the association between CCR2-V64I polymorphism and cancer risk are conflicting. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the overall cancer risk associated with the polymorphism.Methods
Electronic searches of PubMed and EMBASE were conducted for all publications on the association between this variant and cancer. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to access the strength of this association.Results
Sixteen studies with 2661 cancer patients and 5801 healthy controls were included. Overall, significant association was found between the CCR2-V64I polymorphism and cancer risk (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.35–2.51, AA vs GA/GG, P = 0.37). In the subgroup analysis stratified by cancer types, there was a significant association between this polymorphism and bladder cancer (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.02–4.15, AA vs GA/GG, P = 0.11), cervical cancer (OR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.48–7.50, AA vs GG, P = 0.56), and oral cancer (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.46–2.84, GA vs GG, P = 0.70). In the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicities, an increased cancer risk was also found in Europeans (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.45–3.68, AA vs GA/GG, P = 0.16) and Asians (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.12–3.16, AA vs GA/GG, P = 0.92).Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggested that CCR2-V64I polymorphism may contribute to an increased risk of cancer. 相似文献15.
Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is one of the important mutant sites for the cancer risk at present. The conclusions of the published reports on the relationship between GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer are still debated. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between GSTP1 and the risk of breast cancer. The association reports were identified from PubMed and Cochrane Library, and eligible studies were included and synthesized using meta-analysis method. 35 investigations were included into this meta-analysis for the association of GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility, consisting of 40,347 subjects (18,665 patients with breast cancer and 21,682 controls). The association between GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk was not found for overall population, Caucasians and Africans. Interestingly, the GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility of breast cancer in Asians (G allele: OR = 1.10, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.17, P = 0.001; GG genotype: OR = 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.14–1.62, P = 0.0008; AA genotype: OR = 0.92, 95 % CI: 0.85–0.98, P = 0.02). Furthermore, the GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility of breast cancer for the analysis of the controls from hospital. In conclusion, GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism is associated with the breast cancer susceptibility in Asians. However, more studies on the relationship between GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer should be performed in further. 相似文献
16.
The gene polymorphism of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is supposed to be associated with cancer susceptibility. Many studies focusing on the Pst I/Rsa I polymorphism of CYP2E1 gene and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk have been conducted and the results are conflicting. In the current study, a meta-analysis of published studies was performed to assess the association between CYP2E1 Pst I/Rsa I polymorphism and risk to HCC. 11 studies containing 1,178 cases and 1,623 controls were selected to determine whether c2 allele of CYP2E1 gene can increase HCC susceptibility, especially through interacting with alcohol drinking. Using the random effects model, the result indicated that there was no association between CYP2E1 Pst I/Rsa I genotype and HCC risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.03 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.76–1.40) for c2 variant allele and OR 0.82 (95 % CI: 0.51–1.31) for c2 homozygotes compared with wild-type homozygotes]. The association between CYP2E1 (c2) variant allele and HCC susceptibility were found when interacting with alcohol [OR 2.88 (95 % CI: 1.25–6.60)]. In conclusion, this meta-analysis results showed that Pst I/Rsa I polymorphism of CYP2E1may slightly increase the risk of HCC and alcohol consumption increases the probability of developing HCC, especially for the carriers of some CYP2E1 alleles. CYP2E1 Pst I/Rsa I polymorphism may contribute to the proportion cases of HCC, which needs further investigations. 相似文献
17.
Background
A number of case-control studies were conducted to investigate the association of SULT1A1 R213H polymorphisms with colorectal cancer (CRC) in humans. But the results were not always consistent. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the association between the SULT1A1 R213H polymorphism and CRC.Methods and Findings
Data were collected from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Excerpta Medica Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, with the last report up to September 2010. A total of 12 studies including 3,549 cases and 5,610 controls based on the search criteria were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant association of this polymorphism with CRC was found (H versus R: OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 0.94–1.16, P = 0.46; HR+HH versus RR: OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.92–1.11, P = 0.81; HH versus RR+HR: OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.74–1.38, P = 0.95; HH versus RR: OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.77–1.31, P = 0.98; HR versus RR: OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.92–1.11, P = 0.86). In subgroup analysis, we also did not find any significant association in Cauasians (H versus R: OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 0.92–1.15, P = 0.68; HR+HH versus RR: OR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.91–1.09, P = 0.90; HH versus RR+HR: OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.73–1.39, P = 0.97; HH versus RR: OR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.75–1.31, P = 0.94; HR versus RR: OR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.90–1.09, P = 0.85). The results were not materially altered after the studies which did not fulfill Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were excluded (H versus R: OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.95–1.19, P = 0.31; HR+HH versus RR: OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.93–1.13, P = 0.56; HH versus RR+HR: OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 0.78–1.56, P = 0.57; HH versus RR: OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 0.83–1.44, P = 0.53; HR versus RR: OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 0.92–1.13, P = 0.75).Conclusion
This meta-analysis demonstrates that there is no association between the SULT1A1 R213H polymorphism and CRC. 相似文献18.
19.
Background
Numerous studies have investigated association of OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism with lung cancer susceptibility; however, the findings are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis based on 27 publications encompass 9663 cases and 11348 controls to comprehensively evaluate such associations.Methods
We searched publications from MEDLINE and EMBASE which were assessing the associations between OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and lung cancer risk. We calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by using either fixed-effects or random-effects model. We used genotype based mRNA expression data from HapMap for SNP rs1052133 in normal cell lines among 270 subjects with four different ethnicities.Results
The results showed that individuals carrying the Cys/Cys genotype did not have significantly increased risk for lung cancer (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.98–1.36) when compared with the Ser/Ser genotype; similarly, no significant association was found in recessive, dominant or heterozygous co-dominant model (Ser/Cys vs. Cys/Cys). However, markedly increased risks were found in relatively large sample size (Ser/Ser vs. Cys/Cys: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.13–1.48, and recessive model: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07–1.32). As to histological types, we found the Cys/Cys was associated with adenocarcinoma risk (Ser/Ser vs. Cys/Cys: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.12–1.56; Ser/Cys vs. Cys/Cys: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04–1.37, and recessive model OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08–1.40). No significant difference of OGG1 mRNA expression was found among genotypes between different ethnicities.Conclusions
Despite some limitations, this meta-analysis established solid statistical evidence for an association between the OGG1 Cys/Cys genotype and lung cancer risk, particularly for studies with large sample size and adenocarcinoma, but this association warrants additional validation in larger and well designed studies. 相似文献20.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the functional protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) C1858T
polymorphism (rs2476601) confers susceptibility to systemic sclerosis (SSc) in different ethnic populations. A meta-analysis
was conducted on the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism across twelve comparative studies containing 4,367 SSc patients and 4,771
normal control subjects. The analysis showed an association between the PTPN22 1858T allele and SSc in all study subjects
(OR [odds ratio] 1.169, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.051, 1.300, P = 0.004). Analysis after stratification by ethnicity indicated that the PTPN22 1858T allele was significantly associated
with SSc in Europeans (OR 1.147, 95% CI 1.029, 1.278, P = 0.013), and analysis showed an association between the T allele and SSc in anti-centromere antibody (ACA)-positive European
subjects (OR 1.220, 95% CI 1.051, 1.417, P = 0.009). However, no association was found between the allele and anti-topoisomerase antibody (ATA)-positive SSc European
patients (OR 1.1786, 95% CI 0.979, 1.417, P = 0.083). In addition, African Americans were found to have a much lower prevalence of the T allele (1.5%) than any other
population studied, and Europeans had the highest prevalence (8.2%). This meta-analysis confirms that the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism
is associated with SSc susceptibility and ACA status in Europeans, and that its prevalence is dependent on ethnicity. 相似文献