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1.
人体微生物组学研究显示肠道细菌与健康关系极为密切。人体肠道丰富多样的细菌构成了肠道细菌组, 是人体微生物组数量最多的部分。研究肠道细菌时使用较多的是宏基因组学方法, 但技术本身存在“深度偏差”等缺点亟待解决。肠道细菌的培养组学是近年来的一个研究热点, 该方法可以在一定程度上减小宏基因组学带来的误差, 培养条件的多样化亦可帮助研究者找到目标菌种相对适宜的生长条件, 极大提高培养效率等。还综述了近些年国内外人体肠道细菌培养组研究的最新进展, 分别从人体肠道细菌的组成特征、肠道细菌培养组学的研究成果, 培养组学的不足等方面进行了论述, 探讨了肠道细菌的培养组学在人体疾病防治领域应用的可行性。虽然作为一个新兴的研究思路, 培养组学还存在很多不够成熟的方面, 但不可否认的是它的发展前景十分可观。培养组学和其他研究方法的互补或许会成为下一个研究微生物的突破口。  相似文献   

2.
利用培养组学技术分离培养肺部微生物群研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
[目的]使用培养组学技术分离培养肺部微生物群,初步了解人体肺部可培养细菌的组成特点,建立呼吸道微生物菌库,为以后进行重点菌株的功能研究提供菌株条件.[方法]针对6个临床肺泡灌洗液样本,使用补充不同添加剂的血培养瓶对样本进行预增菌,在预增菌不同的时间点对血培养瓶内细菌进行分离培养和保藏,使用MALDI-TOF质谱和16S...  相似文献   

3.
胆汁酸功能及其与肠道细菌相互关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
胆汁酸具有多种重要生理功能. 近年研究发现,胆汁酸可作为信号分子与褐色脂肪细胞表面受体TGR5结合,可激活法尼酯衍生物X受体(nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor, FXR)的表达. 通过激活这些不同的信号传导途径,胆汁酸可以分别起到调节体内能量代谢平衡、控制肥胖以及抑制肠道细菌过度增殖的作用. 胆汁酸与人及动物肠道细菌具有复杂的相互关系:肠道细菌对于胆汁酸的转化很重要,除了在胆汁酸的转化中发挥重要作用外,肠道微生物菌群还可以十分有效地水解已被胆汁酸清除的生物体内结合寄生物或异源物质,促进这些物质的活化或肠肝循环. 宿主拥有一些抑制细菌过度增殖的机制,这些机制包括快速转运以及利用抗菌肽、蛋白水解肽和胆汁酸等进行抑菌;而有些肠道细菌在进化中形成一些抗性机制可避免胆汁酸胁迫. 本文主要就胆汁酸控制肥胖以及抑制细菌过度增殖的机制和胆汁酸与肠道细菌相互关系进行了综述.  相似文献   

4.
目的 通过对口腔的不同部位进行细菌分离,扩展对口腔微生物多样性的认识,以期为后续的口腔菌群研究提供参考。方法 通过培养组学方法分离口腔不同部位的细菌,采集2个健康人扁桃体、唾液、牙菌斑3个部位的样本,使用13种培养基并于需氧和厌氧条件下进行培养,采用16S rRNA基因全长测序分析。结果 总计获得144株菌,分属36个种,10个科,3个门。其中,链球菌属细菌种类最多。基于16S rRNA基因全长相似度98.65%的阈值判定,获得5种潜在全新细菌。3个部位中,扁桃体分离的细菌种类多样性最丰富。结论 13种培养基中,BHI培养基获得的口腔细菌多样性最好;BAB培养基与TSA培养基更适合口腔链球菌生长,链球菌的比例更高;LBB培养基上只有较单一的口腔细菌生长,不适于广谱分离口腔细菌。  相似文献   

5.
【目的】探讨寡营养对人体肠道细菌培养组的条件。【方法】通过稀释富集培养基、固体平板和增菌肉汤培养基成分获得寡营养培养基。对健康人粪便样本分别用原液(0)、5、10、20、30和40倍稀释的富集培养基(添加羊血和瘤胃液的血培养瓶)连续增菌,在不同时间点(第0、3、6、9、15、27、30天)吸取增菌液,用YCFA (yeast casitone fatty acid)固体培养平板分离菌落;用YCFA增菌肉汤增菌后再次挑取单菌落,利用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF)质谱和16S rRNA基因测序鉴定菌株。通过比较上述6种寡营养条件分离肠道菌群的效果,选取富集培养基原液、稀释10倍和30倍这3 种条件下分离效果较好的富集条件,与同样稀释倍数条件的固体平板和增菌肉汤分别组合成9种培养基条件,进一步优化肠道菌群的培养组条件。【结果】在6种寡营养富集培养基中,未稀释(原液)、10 倍和30倍稀释的富集培养基分离细菌的种类比其他...  相似文献   

6.
【目的】本研究旨在明确草地贪夜蛾Spodopterafrugiperda幼虫肠道可培养细菌组成,筛选纤维素降解细菌。【方法】采用传统细菌培养及16S rDNA分子标记相结合的方法分离鉴定草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道可培养细菌;采用刚果红染色法筛选纤维素降解细菌,并通过3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)法测定不同pH(5.0-9.0)条件下的纤维素酶活力。【结果】从草地贪夜蛾幼虫中筛选分离出14种肠道细菌菌株,分别隶属放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)等3门11属,即谷氨酸棒杆菌属(Glutamicibacter)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、摩根菌属(Morganella)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、志贺氏菌属(Shigella)、克洛诺杆菌属(Cronobacter)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum)。2株产纤维素酶细菌隶属厚壁菌门芽胞杆菌属。酶活力测定结果显示:2株纤维素降解细菌的纤维素酶在pH 6.0-8.0均有相对较高的活性,在pH 8.0时,纤维素酶活最高。【结论】草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道中细菌种类多样,其肠道内存在纤维素降解细菌。在偏碱性条件下,纤维素降解细菌的纤维素酶活力显著高于酸性条件。研究结果丰富了纤维素降解细菌资源,在饲料生产、食品加工、化学能源等方面具有应用前景。此外,草地贪夜蛾作为重大农业害虫,其肠道有益菌群,有望成为新的防治靶标。  相似文献   

7.
目的了解人工饲养树[鼠句]肠道菌群感染情况及其各种细菌对药物的敏感性。方法通过肠道细菌采样、培养、分离和菌落生长特性观察,并经革兰氏染色、氧化酶试验、触酶试验、生化编码鉴定管试验和9种药敏试验分析,初步鉴定了107例人工饲养树[鼠句]肠道感染细菌的种类和这些细菌对药物的敏感程度。结果本次细菌培养共从树[鼠句]肠道中培养分离出5株细菌,其中革兰氏阳性菌2株,革兰氏阴性菌3株,以大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌最为多见。同时确定了菌株的药敏情况为:(1)大肠杆菌对头孢类药头孢哌酮最为敏感,对药物磺胺甲嚼唑/甲氧苄定、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、呋喃妥因、诺氟沙星、氨苄西林高敏;(2)沙门氏菌对阿米卡星最为敏感,对药物头孢哌酮青霉素G高敏;(3)链球菌对试验药物氨苄西林、头孢哌酮、呋喃妥因显示为中敏;(4)葡萄球菌对头孢类药头孢哌酮、磺胺类磺胺甲晤唑/甲氧苄定、沙星类诺氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、氧氟沙星、呋喃妥因和氨苄西林最为敏感,对其它药物均为中敏;(5)假单胞菌对药物左氧氟沙星最为敏感,对大多数药物都显示高敏。结论大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌可能是树鼢肠道中正常寄生的主要菌群,同时其它菌群也有寄生。用药敏实验筛选出的药物可为临床用药和动物的生物净化提供指导依据。  相似文献   

8.
粪菌移植技术(fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT)是利用健康人群的粪便或经过处理的粪便中的微生物来治疗消化、代谢等系统诸多疾病的一项古老而又新兴的技术。宏基因组、培养组等肠道微生物组前沿研究技术的飞速发展,为粪菌移植治疗疾病提供了强有力的研究和临床实践武器。宏基因组技术可全面揭示健康及疾病状态下肠道微生态的组成及功能变化,而培养组学技术则可以用来分离和鉴定人类肠道中的诸多在常规培养条件下未可培养菌,两项技术联用不仅可以使我们更为深入地理解粪菌移植在临床实践中的因果规律,还将有力推动粪菌移植技术在未来的应用与发展。基于此,本文综述了宏基因组及培养组学技术在粪菌移植中的应用及未来发展趋势。  相似文献   

9.
椰子织蛾幼虫肠道细菌的初步分离鉴定及功能分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的] 研究椰子织蛾幼虫肠道微生物的种类和功能,以揭示其消化利用寄主老叶的机制。[方法] 采用传统微生物分离培养技术分离培养肠道细菌,用16S rRNA基因序列分析的方法鉴定菌株,采用透明圈染色法对所得菌株进行功能性验证。[结果] 基因序列检测对比鉴定得到9种可培养细菌菌株,主要属于变形菌门和厚壁菌门以及放线菌门;功能性验证结果表明,伯克霍尔德氏菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株具有纤维素降解酶,寒气玫瑰单胞菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌含木聚糖降解酶。[结论] 椰子织蛾肠道中存在可培养的具有降解纤维素及木聚糖能力的细菌,这些细菌可能有助于椰子织蛾取食消化椰子等老叶,研究所获得的肠道微生物菌株也为后续研究该虫与环境的关系及相关菌株应用于农业、能源、环保价值的探索提供帮助。  相似文献   

10.
组学技术及其在食品科学中应用的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
后基因组时代的主要研究任务即是组学(转录组学、蛋白质组学及代谢组学)研究,其发展迅速,有望成为解决生命科学领域诸如食品品质与安全等科学问题的有力工具.组学研究为食品科学相关研究提供了新的思路和技术,在食品加工、贮藏、营养素检测、食品安全以及食品鉴伪等领域中已有广泛的应用.综述转录组学、蛋白质组学及代谢组学研究的核心技术,以及组学技术在食品科学研究中的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行展望.  相似文献   

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Pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia (PT) is believed to be associated with the disruption of lipid metabolism. The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism disorder in the livers of ewes with PT. In total, 10 pregnant ewes were fed normally (control group) whereas another 10 were subjected to 70% level feed restriction for 15 days to establish a pathological model of PT. Results showed that, as compared with the controls, the levels of blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and cholesterol were greater (P<0.05) and blood glucose level was lower (P<0.05) in PT ewes. The contents of NEFAs, BHBA, cholesterol and triglyceride were higher (P<0.05) and glycerol content was lower (P<0.05) in hepatic tissues of PT ewes than those of the controls. For ewes with PT, excessive fat vacuoles were observed in liver sections stained with hematoxylin–eosin; furthermore, inner structures of hepatocytes including nuclei, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were damaged seriously according to the results of transmission electron microscope. Real-time PCR data showed that compared with the controls, the expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and triglyceride synthesis (TGS) was enhanced (P<0.05) whereas that related to acetyl-CoA metabolism (ACM) was repressed (P<0.05) in PT ewes. Generally, our results showed that negative energy balance altered the expression of genes involved in FAO, ACM and TGS, further caused lipid metabolism disorder in livers, resulting in PT of ewes. Our findings may provide the molecular basis for novel therapeutic strategies against this systemic metabolic disease in sheep.  相似文献   

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Germ-free mice were orally inoculated with human intestinal 7alpha-dehydroxylating bacterial strains to evaluate their ability to transform bile acids in vivo. Three weeks after inoculation of the bacteria, cecal bile acids were examined. Among free-form bile acids, only beta-muricholic acid was detected in the cecal contents of gnotobiotic mice associated with Bacteroides distasonis strain K-5. No secondary bile acid was observed in the cecal contents of any of the gnotobiotic mice associated with 7alpha-dehydroxylating bacteria, Clostridium species strain TO-931 or Eubacterium species strain 36S.  相似文献   

15.
Elevated triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and are often associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Recent reports suggest that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19 and FGF21 can dramatically improve metabolic dysfunction, including hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Due to their similar receptor specificities and co-receptor requirements, FGF19 and FGF21 share many common properties and have been thought to be interchangeable in metabolic regulation. Here we directly compared how pharmacological administration of recombinant FGF19 or FGF21 proteins affect metabolism in B6.V-Lepob/J leptin-deficient mice. FGF19 and FGF21 equally improved glucose parameters; however, we observed increased serum TG and cholesterol levels after treatment with FGF19 but not with FGF21. Increases in serum TGs were also observed after a 4-day treatment with FGF19 in C57BL6/J mice on a high-fat diet. This is in contrast to many literature reports that showed significant improvements in hyperlipidemia after chronic treatment with FGF19 or FGF21 in high-fat diet models. We propose that FGF19 has lipid-raising and lipid-lowering actions mediated through different FGF receptors and target tissues, and the results described here provide a potential mechanism that may explain the inconsistency in the reported effects of FGF19 on lipid metabolism.  相似文献   

16.
    
Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) plays a key role in maintaining lipid and bile salt homeostasis as it is the rate-limiting enzyme converting cholesterol to bile acids. Deficiency of CYP7A1 leads to hyperlipidemia in man and mouse. Hyperlipidemia is often seen in patients when treated with high-dose retinoic acid (RA), but the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Our present study revealed that CYP7A1 mRNA expression is greatly repressed by RA in both human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells where increased fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and small heterodimer partner (SHP) expressions were also observed, suggesting farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) were activated. Promoter reporter assays demonstrate that all-trans RA (atRA) specifically activated FXR/RXR. However, detailed molecular analyses indicate that this activation is through RXR, whose ligand is 9-cis RA. Knocking down of FXR or RXRα by small interference RNA (siRNA) in human hepatocytes increased CYP7A1 basal expression, but the repressive effect of atRA persisted, suggesting there are also FXR/RXR-independent mechanisms mediating atRA repression of CYP7A1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and cell transfection results indicate that PGC-1α plays a role in the FXR/RXR-independent mechanism. Our findings may provide a potential explanation for hyperlipidemic side effects observed in some patients treated with high-dose RA.  相似文献   

17.
3,4-Diaryl-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles have been prepared by the cyclization of the corresponding 1-aroyl-4-Substituted thiosemicarbazide with alkali. The resulting mercapto triazoles were converted into 3,4-disubstituted-5-alkylthio-1,2,4-triazoles with the action of different alkyl halides and some of the sulphides were converted into sulphones by oxidation with aqueous potassium permanganate.  相似文献   

18.
一株能降解胆固醇的乳酸菌的选育   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用选择性培养基从成年人的粪便中分离出1株能降解胆固醇的乳酸菌,该菌能以胆固醇作为生长的唯一能源。在10%牛奶的发酵试验中,该菌能使牛奶发酵并凝固。在液体发酵中,胆固醇的降解率为34.6%。经初步鉴定,该菌为双歧杆菌(Bifidoacterium sp.)。  相似文献   

19.
董琳  吴涛  杨志秋  傅正伟 《生命科学》2009,21(3):425-429
核受体是配体活化的转录因子,能调控大量的靶基因。近年来核受体调节脂质代谢的研究已成为国内外研究的热点。由于核受体在调节脂质代谢、糖代谢以及炎症反应方面发挥重要作用,它们是治疗心血管疾病理想的靶标。本文简要地介绍了核受体在调节脂质代谢方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

20.
Dietary plant protein is well known to reduce serum cholesterol levels. Rice bran is a by-product of rice milling and is a good source of protein. The present study examined whether feeding rats a high-cholesterol diet containing 10% rice bran protein (RBP) for 10 d affected cholesterol metabolism. Rats fed dietary RBP had lower serum total cholesterol levels and increased excretion of fecal steroids, such as cholesterol and bile acids, than those fed dietary casein. In vitro assays showed that RBP strongly bound to taurocholate, and inhibited the micellar solubility of cholesterol, compared with casein. Moreover, the bile acid-binding proteins of the RBP were eluted by a chromatographic column conjugated with cholic acid, and one of them was identified as hypothetical protein OsJ_13801 (NCBI accession No. EAZ29742) using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis. These results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic action of the RBP may be caused by the bile acid-binding proteins.  相似文献   

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