Cd2+急性胁迫下方格星虫体腔液消化酶活力和游离氨基酸的变化

为了解Cd2+急性胁迫下方格星虫体腔液消化酶活力和游离氨基酸的变化规律, 采用毒理学试验方法, 在确定Cd2+对方格星虫毒性强度的基础上, 选取48h最低致死浓度为试验浓度, 研究该浓度Cd2+胁迫下方格星虫体腔液消化酶活力和游离氨基酸的动态变化。结果表明: 方格星虫死亡率随着Cd2+浓度的升高而增加,Cd2+对方格星虫的24h和48h的LC50分别为37.80和22.68 mg/L。在48h最小致死浓度下, Cd2+对方格星虫体腔液蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力在试验周期内均表现为抑制, 且淀粉酶活力受到的抑制作用较强; Cd2+胁迫前期脂肪酶活力显著升高(P0.05), 24h后又显著降低(P0.05), 48h时仅为初始水平的40%, 说明低浓度Cd2+对脂肪酶活力有诱导作用, 高浓度Cd2+则产生抑制。方格星虫体腔液游离氨基酸的组成和含量在Cd2+胁迫48h内均有显著变化(P0.05)。各游离氨基酸含量及氨基酸总量在24h前均无显著变化(P0.05), 24h后先上升后下降(P0.05),36h的游离氨基酸总量达到初始水平的2倍以上, 为145.50 mg/100 mL, 大部分游离氨基酸组成百分比也在24h前较稳定, 24h后呈现峰值变化。总之, Cd2+急性胁迫对方格星虫体腔液消化酶活力和游离氨基酸均有显著影响(P0.05), 且消化酶活力与游离氨基酸含量和组成的变化与胁迫时间有关。     

杂交水稻抽穗后伤流液中游离氨基酸含量的变化（简报）

杂交水稻衰老时,根系伤流液中天门冬氨酸等15种游离氨基酸含量不同程度地下降,以致游离氨基酸总量下降。而苏、丝、胱、甘四种氨基酸的含量却明显升高。6-BA和ABA调节衰老的同时,也改变了这四种氨基酸含量的变化。根系中合成的这四种氨基酸可能参与了叶片衰老的调节作用。     

鱼腥草游离氨基酸组成及含量的HPLC分析

研究不同鱼腥草材料间及其两个不同采收时期游离氨基酸组成及含量差异 ,筛选游离氨基酸种类较多 ,含量较高的新品系 ,并确定适宜的采收时期。对 1 9份鱼腥草材料阴干地上部分游离氨基酸成分进行了高效液相色谱分析。 6月和 1 0月采收的鱼腥草中分别含有 1 5种和 1 4种氨基酸 ,都不含Cysteine -ss -Cysteine和Lysine,1 0月采收的还不含有Tyrosine。氨基酸中Proline含量最高 ,Glycine含量最低。此外 ,1 0月采收的鱼腥草的游离氨基酸总量高于 6月采收的鱼腥草。供试材料中 6月采收的W0 1 - 86和 1 0月采收的W0 1 - 5多数游离氨基酸含量均为同一采收时期的最高值。分别为 5 894 .76mg/kg和 6 1 6 6 .1 3mg/kg。此外 ,蕺菜与峨眉蕺菜间游离氨基酸成分间无显著差别。因此鱼腥草不同材料间及不同采收时期游离氨基酸含量不尽相同 ,游离氨基酸含量与染色体数目间相关不显著     

冷藏对米蛾卵液中游离氨基酸变化的影响

赤眼蜂的工厂化繁育常使用米蛾卵作为中间寄主卵,为了满足赤眼蜂生产的需要,需对米蛾卵进行冷藏,但冷藏米蛾卵影响赤眼蜂的生长发育。利用核磁共振技术(NMR)测定了新鲜米蛾卵(U)、新鲜杀胚米蛾卵(CK)、杀胚米蛾卵在4℃条件下冷藏15 d(N15)、30 d(N30)、45 d(N45)和60 d(N60)后,米蛾卵卵液游离氨基酸种类和含量的变化。结果共鉴定到24种游离氨基酸及其衍生物,包括昆虫发育必需的10种氨基酸。U和CK之间的游离氨基酸组分没有显著差异,N15、N30和N45游离氨基酸总量随冷藏时间的延长而显著升高,N60中的氨基酸总量与N45比较没有显著增加。对24种游离氨基酸及其衍生物的含量进行主成分分析,结果表明丙氨酸、谷氨酰胺、鸟氨酸、天冬氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸、焦谷氨酸等8种氨基酸的含量随冷藏时间的增加而有着显著的变化,其中,丙氨酸变化幅度最为明显,随着冷藏时间的增加,含量从0.1624 mmol/L增加到8.6192 mmol/L;组氨酸在N30、N45和N60处理之间显著下降,从0.7553 mmol/L降低到0.2495 mmol/L。因此,冷藏会导致米蛾卵内游离氨基酸含量发生一定变化,这可能是冷藏米蛾卵影响赤眼蜂生长发育的重要原因之一。     

薇菜、蕺菜中氨基酸及其他营养素含量的测定

对秦巴山区薇菜 (Osmundajaponicathunb .)、蕺菜 (Houttuyniacordatathunb.)两种山野菜可食部分中氨基酸、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖等含量进行了测定。结果表明 :所测定的 1 7种氨基酸中 ,薇菜含 1 7种氨基酸 ,蕺菜含 1 6种氨基酸 ,七种必需氨基酸含量占各自氨基酸总量的百分数分别为 4 3 .2 6%、3 6.58%。薇菜、蕺菜灰分含量分别为 8.1 1 %、9.4 0 % ;粗蛋白含量分别为 2 2 .80 %、1 7.2 2 % ;粗脂肪含量分别为 3 .3 4 %、5.4 3 % ;粗纤维含量分别为 1 3 .0 7%、1 7.89% ;总糖含量分别为 2 1 .1 4 %、1 3 .4 2 %。     

慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂对亚洲玉米螟γ-谷氨酰转移酶和氨基酸吸收的影响

正常玉米螟血淋巴内瓣离氨基酸总量为22．32mg／ml。当幼虫短时间(四龄未至五龄第二天)和长时间(三龄初至五龄第二天)取食慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂(AHI)后,游离氨基酸总量分别为对照的73．9％和33．3％,大多数氨基酸含量明显低于对照;血液蛋白质浓度下降20-52%;幼虫体内γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GTP)活力也明显下降,但体外不被AHI抑制。这些结果表明：AHI能有效地抑制幼虫蛋白承解酶．并间接地影响其他酶和蛋白质的生物合成、最终导致幼虫生长不良。     

带血与排血梅花鹿茸骨片游离氨基酸含量的比较分析

选用6对带血与排血梅花鹿茸骨片对其游离氨基酸的含量进行了对比测定,结果表明含有7种必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸所占比例约30%,必需与非必需游离氨基酸之比约0.4。对两者进行方差分析,两种样品游离氨基酸总量和必需游离氨基酸总量差异不显著(P(0.05)。     

不同产地和品种桑叶游离氨基酸主成分分析及综合评价CSCD

研究重庆市3个品种共17种不同产地桑叶水提液中游离氨基酸组成及含量,为本地区桑叶的开发利用提供理论基础。以桑、华桑、鸡桑3个品种不同采样地区的样品为原材料,模拟桑叶茶冲泡方式获得水提液,用HPLC荧光法测定其游离氨基酸含量并计算18种游离氨基酸的味道强度值(taste activity value,TAV),通过相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法综合评价不同品种和产地桑叶营养成分和风味特征。研究结果显示,不同品种、不同产地桑叶氨基酸种类无明显差别,但氨基酸含量存在差异,可测得最高总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸含量分别为1927.33 mg/100g、322.6 mg/100g、46.17 mg/100g和1558.56 mg/100g;桑叶氨基酸风味特征表现为甜味氨基酸>鲜味氨基酸>苦味氨基酸;聚类分析将17个样品分为2类,重庆市巴南区安澜镇鸡桑(S15)、华桑(S7)两个品种的氨基酸品质高。综上所述,桑叶中氨基酸含量丰富,具有较高的营养价值,可开发氨基酸类功能性食品。     

不同产地藏红花游离氨基酸比较分析

目的：研究不同产地藏红花中游离氨基酸含量，为藏红花的研究、产品设计和开发提供理论支持。方法：以云南维西、上海、西藏、伊朗等地藏红花为实验材料，采用氨基酸自动分析仪对藏红花中游离氨基酸进行了测定。结果：（1）供试样品中除上海样品中检出17种游离氨基酸，其余样品均检出18种氨基酸，各样品中氨基酸总量分别为维西3号样品（编号为W3）981.464(mg/100 g)、维西2号样品（编号为W2）882.646 (mg/100 g)、维西1号样品（编号为W1）785.140 (mg/100 g)、西藏样品（编号为XZ）325.106 (mg/100 g)，上海样品（编号为SH）312.369 (mg/100 g)、伊朗样品（编号为YL）310.427 (mg/100 g);(2)在游离氨基酸中，有赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸等6种人体必需氨基酸；有谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺和天门冬氨酸等4种鲜味氨基酸；有丝氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸等3种甜味氨基酸；有冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸等9种药效氨基酸；（3）藏红花游离氨基酸中，丙氨酸含量最...     

薄皮甜瓜果实不同部位中的挥发性酯类物质与氨基酸的关系

结合固相微萃取法（SPME）和气质联用仪（GC—Ms）检测薄皮甜瓜果实成熟时期不同部位中挥发性酯类物质和游离氨基酸的种类及含量的结果表明,果实中有25种挥发性酯类物质,脐果肉、中果肉、蒂果肉以及瓜瓤中的酯类物质种类分别为17种、13种、7种和13种,相对含量分别为71．67％、61．45％、51．46％和68．76％。果肉中共检测到12种游离氨基酸,脐果肉、中果肉和蒂果肉中游离氨基酸含量依序呈递减趋势,与总酯类物质和支链酯类物质的种类及含量趋势变化相一致。     

Bovine fetal fluid cells in vitro: Fate and fetal sex prediction accuracy

Summary The in vitro fate of bovine fetal fluid cells and the efficiency of fetal sex prediction from cultures of these cells are studied using aspirates from live animals and pregnant uteri collected from the slaughterhouse. Over 70% of bovine amniotic fluid samples aspirated from pregnant uteri at the time of slaughter yielded cultures adequate for chromosome analysis, whereas only 10% of allantoic fluid samples produced growth of cells satisfactory for chromosome analysis. Fetal sexing accuracy was 100% in all samples studied. Seven readily recognizable cell types were noted in cultures of fetal fluid cells obtained at various stages of gestation. In a majority of cases, the in vitro morphology of cells from both fetal cavities was similar to that observed in primary human amniotic fluid cell cultures.     

Computational fluid dynamics modeling of the paddle dissolution apparatus: Agitation rate,mixing patterns,and fluid velocities

The purpose of this research was to further investigate the hydrodynamics of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) paddle dissolution apparatus using a previously generated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The influence of paddle rotational speed on the hydrodynamics in the dissolution vessel was simulated. The maximum velocity magnitude for axial and tangential velocities at different locations in the vessel was found to increase linearly with the paddle rotational speed. Path-lines of fluid mixing, which were examined from a central region at the base of the vessel, did not reveal a region of poor mixing between the upper cylin-drical and lower hemispherical volumes, as previously speculated. Considerable differences in the resulting flow patterns were observed for paddle rotational speeds between 25 and 150 rpm. The approximate time required to achieve complete mixing varied between 2 to 5 seconds at 150 rpm and 40 to 60 seconds at 25 rpm, although complete mixing was achievable for each speed examined. An analysis of CFD-generated velocities above the top surface of a cylindrical compact positioned at the base of the vessel, below the center of the rotating paddle, revealed that the fluid in this region was undergoing solid body rotation. An examination of the velocity boundary layers adjacent to the curved surface of the compact revealed large peaks in the shear rates for a region within∼3 mm from the base of the compact, consistent with a ‘grooving’ effect, which had been previously seen on the surface of compacts following dissolution, associated with a higher dissolution rate in this region.     

Composition of the fetal fluids in African antelopes

Twenty-four samples of amniotic and allantoic fetal fluids were collected from 15 African antelopes of 11 species and subspecies. Two samples were taken from delivered placentas and the rest were from animals that died during pregnancy or parturition. Data on the sex, development (crown-rump length) and age (trimester of pregnancy) of fetuses, fluid volumes, pH, and 18 biochemical parameters were obtained wherever conditions permitted. Collecting data on fetal fluids in zoo and wild animals may help evaluate both normal and pathological pregnancies.     

Differential proteomic analysis of bovine conceptus fluid proteins in pregnancies generated by assisted reproductive technologies

Proteomic analysis of bovine conceptus fluid proteins during early pregnancy has the potential to expose protein species indicative of both the overall health of the fetal-maternal environment and fetal developmental status. In this study, we examined the differential abundance of bovine conceptus fluid proteins (5-50 kDa fraction) from naturally conceived, in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived pregnancies at days 45 and 90 of gestation. In day 45 allantoic fluid (AllF) samples, an atypical cluster of low molecular weight ( approximately 14-16 kDa), low pI (between 3.0 and 4.5 pH units) protein species was increased in three of four IVF samples (30-100-fold increase in protein spot volumes compared to normal). These proteins were identified as paralogs of the bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (CAMP) by MALDI-TOF MS peptide mass fingerprint and MALDI-TOF MS/MS peptide sequence analysis. Peptidoglycan recognition protein and serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor clade B1, were also significantly increased in the corresponding IVF samples. In two of four SCNT AllF samples, a 2-10-fold increase in CAMP protein spot volumes were detected. No aberrant abundance levels of individual protein species were observed in amniotic fluid samples, or in day 90 IVF AllF samples. Identification of unique protein species present in the normal bovine AllF proteome at day 45 is also reported.     

Some analyses of exsheathing fluid from infective Haemonchus contortus larvae from Ontario

Infective Haemonchus contortus larvae from Ontario were exsheathed, and the exsheathing fluid was prepared, using several procedures some of which duplicated those of other researchers. Infective larvae were exsheathed successfully using the rapid (20-min) tetraborate system. Second-stage sheaths were dissected from infective larvae and were incubated with various preparations of exsheathing fluid. Up to 30% of the sheaths incubated with dilute exsheathing fluid for 1 h had refractile rings. When the fluid was concentrated by dialysis or lyophilization the exsheathing activity was not lost. Heat destroyed the ability of concentrated exsheathing fluid to cause refractile rings in dissected sheaths, but Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺ or diaminoethanetetra-acelic acid did not. The enzyme leucine aminopeptidase was not found in concentrated exsheathing fluid.     

D-amino acid levels in human physiological fluids

Plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and amniotic fluid were examined to determine whether free D-amino acids were present and if so at what levels. It was found that D-amino acids exist in all physiological fluids tested, but that their level varied, considerably. The lowest levels of D-amino acids were usually found in amniotic fluid or CSF (almost always <1% of the corresponding L-amino acid). The highest levels were found in urine (usually tenth percent to low percent levels). Pipecolic acid seemed to be different from the other amino acids tested in that it was excreted primarily as the D-enantiomer (often >90%). Correspondingly high levels of D-pipecolic acid were not found in plasma. Some of the trends found in this work seemed to be analogous to those found in a recent rodent study. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Proteomic analysis of bovine conceptus fluids during early pregnancy

A proteomic analysis of bovine amniotic and allantoic fluids collected around Day 45 of gestation was performed using gel-based and LC-based MS workflows. A depletion/enrichment protocol using ultrafiltration under denaturing and reducing conditions produced an enriched fraction containing protein species predominantly between 5 and 50 kDa molecular weight. The analyses of conceptus fluid proteins were performed using two strategies; first, 2-DE coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of individual protein spots and second, a global protein snapshot of the enriched 5-50 kDa protein fraction by LC-ESI-MS/MS and LC-MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. Allocation of bovine specific protein identities was achieved by searching the Interactive Bovine In Silico SNP (IBISS) and NCBInr protein sequence databases resulting in the confident PMF identification and MS/MS confirmation of >200 2-DE generated allantoic fluids protein spots (74 individual protein species identified) and the MS/MS peptide identification of 105 LC-ESI-MS/MS generated protein identities. In total, the identity of 139 individual protein species from allantoic fluids was confirmed with peptide sequence probability MOWSE scores at the p<0.05 level or better. The comparison of bovine Day 45 amniotic and allantoic fluids protein profiles revealed differences between these two conceptus fluids in early pregnancy.     

Reaction Field Simulations of Monatomic and Diatomic Dipolar Fluids

Firstly, the conditions are explored for which molecular dynamics simulations yield reliable thermodynamic results when the reaction field method is applied for dipolar fluids. The influence of the system size, of the scaling method for avoiding the total energy updrift, and of the reaction field dielectric constant are studied. With appropriate conditions, the results for the Stockmayer fluid when compared to previous results show excellent agreement up to very high dipole moments. In the next step the method is applied to two-centre Lennard-Jones plus ideal axial dipole (2CLJD) molecules of elongation L = 0.505. For one state point, the influence of the molecular shape as well as of the dipolar strength on energy and pressure is studied in detail. Finally, in the project of developing a physically based equation of state for polar fluids, thermodynamic results are presented for 2CLJD fluids of elongation L = 0.505 for four different dipole moments at 29 state points in a temperature and density grid. For these 116 runs which all were performed with vectorized codes on a CYBER 205 also the uncertainties in the results are given as have been estimated from the running averages.     

Liquid chromatographic determination of diclofenac in human synovial fluid

A simple, rapid and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of diclofenac in synovial fluid is described. Special attention was paid to the procedure of sample preparation since gel formation may sometimes occur in synovial samples. With a one-step extraction procedure good and reproducible recovery of diclofenac was obtained. A subsequent HPLC assay was adjusted so as to achieve adequate sensitivity and precision needed for analysis of true samples. The results obtained by the described procedure proved the method to be suitable for monitoring concentrations of diclofenac in synovial fluid.