二十世纪我国植物学家对植物组织培养的贡献

回顾了上一世纪我国植物组织培养的发展。 1934年以来 ,我国的植物组织培养研究一直与国际发展同步进行。我国学者在离体器官发生、茎尖培养、花药培养、子房培养、胚乳培养、原生质体培养和细胞大量培养等分支领域都取得重要进展。本文在引证我国研究者发表的植物组织培养论文的基础上 ,着重评述了那些被国际同行公认的研究成果。此外 ,还介绍了植物组织培养在我国农业和工业上应用的情况     

培养基质对植物组织培养的影响

培养基质对植物组织培养的影响严菊强（浙江农业大学农学系,杭州３１００２９）ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＭＥＤＩＵＭＭＡＴＲＩＸＯＮＰＬＡＮＴＴＩＳＳＵＥＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＹａｎＪｕ－ｑｉａｎｇ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＡｇｒｏｎｏｍｙ,ＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａ...     

石竹科植物组织培养与细胞工程

近年来,植物组织培养与细胞工程研究在石竹科植物上取得了一定进展。现从组织培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交、单倍体育种、试管开花、转基因等5个方面对其进行综述,并展望了石竹科植物在组织培养和细胞工程研究方面的发展前景。     

猕猴桃的组织培养和遗传转化研究进展

综述了国内外猕猴桃组织培养和遗传转化研究进展,内容包括花药培养、胚培养、胚乳培养、子叶、叶、茎段等器官培养、原生质体培养以及遗传转化等,并对生物技术在猕猴桃研究中存在的问题以及今后在猕猴桃中的应用前景进行了讨论。     

铁线蕨的组织培养及植株再生

1植物名称铁线蕨(Adiantum capillus-veneris). 2材料类别茎尖. 3培养条件(1)愈伤组织诱导培养基:MS 6-BA2.0 mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)愈伤组织继代增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0;(3)愈伤组织分化培养基:1/2MS 6-BA 0.5;(4)再生植株壮苗培养基:1/2MS 6-BA 0.1;(5)生根培养基:1/2MS NAA 0.5.以上培养基均含蔗糖30 g·L-1、琼脂0.7%,pH 5.5～5.8.培养温度(25±2)℃,光照度1 500～2 000 lx,光照12 h·d-1.     

金叶接骨木的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称金叶接骨木(SambuCus racemosa ‘Plumosa aurea'). 2材料类别茎尖、茎段. 3培养条件芽诱导培养基:(1)MS NAA 0.2 mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA 1.0,(2)MS NAA 0.4 6-BA 1.0,(3)MS IBA 0.2,(4)1/2MS(大量元素1/2) IA 0.2;生根培养基:(5)MS NAA 0.4,(6)1/2MS NAA 0.2,(7)1/2MS IBA 0.2.以上培养基均加入6 g·L-1琼脂粉,pH 5.8.培养基(1)、(2)、(5)和(6)中含30g·L-1蔗糖,(3)、(4)和(7)含20 g·L-1蔗糖.培养温度(25±1)℃,光照度2 000 lx,光照12 h·d-1.     

植物组织培养中器官建成的生理生化基础

组织培养中器官发生可通过外植体诱导愈伤组织形成,随后出现根、芽分化,也可通过外植体直接分化根、芽。无论哪条途径,愈伤组织诱导和原基的形成是十分重要的,这一过程被称为脱分化过程。脱分化过程从细胞分裂的启动开始,经过分裂形成拟分生组织或分生组织中心,随后形成器官原基。器官原基的形成受外界因素和体内生理生化因素的调节,本文结合我们课题组工作对国内外这方面的新进展作一简单介绍。     

瑞香狼毒的组织培养及快速繁殖

1植物名称瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme). 2材料类别茎尖. 3培养条件培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.01 3.0%蔗糖;(2)MS 6-BA 1.0～2.0 NAA 0.02 3.0%～4.0%蔗糖;(3)1/2MS(大量元素减半) NAA 0.1～0.5 2.0%蔗糖.上述培养基均附加5.0%～6.0%琼脂,pH 5.6.培养温度为25℃,光照12 h·d-1,光照度1 500～2000 lx.     

美国红栌的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称美国红栌(Cotinus coggygria‘Royal purple'). 2材料类别嫩茎段、茎尖. 3培养条件(1)启动培养基:MS 6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.05 3%蔗糖;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.1 3%蔗糖;(3)壮苗培养基:MS NAA 0.1 3%蔗糖;(4)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA 1.0 NAA 0.1 PP3332.0 2%蔗糖.以上培养基均加0.7%琼脂,pH 5.8～6.0.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照12 h·d-1,光照度为2 000lx.     

荔枝生物技术研究进展（综述）

从荔枝的组织培养、花药培养和原生质体培养方面综述荔枝生物技术的研究概况,并提出该领域存在问题及发展方向。     

Regeneration of Elaeagnus angustifolia from leaf segments of in vitro-derived shoots

Shoot regeneration was achieved from in vitro-produced leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Half-leaf explants from the terminal part of the shoot produced more shoots than explants from the basal part of the in vitro-derived shoots on agar-solidified WPM medium supplemented with 1 M benzyladenine (BA). In liquid medium of the same formulation, compact shoots that did not elongate were formed on the explants. Leaf cross-section explants (1 mm thick) produced shoots both on solid and liquid medium with 1 M BA, whereas again compact shoots were formed with 10 M BA. Further shoot development on these explants was promoted by their transfer to fresh solid medium containing 1 M BA and 1 M gibberellic acid (GA₃).Abbreviations BA benzyladenine - GA₃ gibberellic acid - WPM woody plant medium     

Plant regeneration through callus initiation from anthers and ovules of Scabiosa columbaria

Anthers and ovules of Scabiosa columbaria L. were cultured in vitro to determine whether gametophytic cells would proliferate and/or a protocol for plant regeneration could be developed. Several factors were tested, including explant type, donor plant, cold pre-treatment, and medium composition. Callus induction frequency varied among treatments, indicated by significant effects of explant type, medium composition, and their interactions. Histological analysis revealed numerous sites of callus induction, however, gametophytic cells did not proliferate. Stepwise removal of growth regulators and simultaneous lowering of sucrose from the nutrient medium, resulted in initiation of embryogenesis or shoot organogenesis, and allowed plant regeneration. Under the conditions tested, regeneration capacity was donor related, because only material of one donor responded. Regenerants were diploid (except one mixoploid individual), but showed various types of flower heads. They were probably of sporophytic origin. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Agar and ammonium nitrate influence hyperhydricity,tissue nitrate and total nitrogen content of serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) shoots in vitro

Shoot tip cultures of Amelanchier arborea Michx.f. were grown on Murashige & Skoog or Woody Plant (WP) medium containing 4.4 M benzyladenine and various concentrations of agar. Increases in agar concentration affected various culture growth variables, decreased culture hyperhydricity and increased tissue nitrate concentration. Additions of ammonium nitrate to cultures grown on WP medium containing 0.4% agar increased all growth variables measured except percent dry weight. Hyperhydricity and tissue nitrate concentration also increase in response to increasing ammonium nitrate in the medium. Since hyperhydricity was shown to be both positively and negatively correlated with increases in tissue nitrate content, it is unlikely that tissue nitrate level alone directly affects hyperhydricity.Abbreviations BA benzyladenine - MS Murashige & Skoog - WP Woody Plant     

Plant regeneration from somatic tissue of Rhododendron laetum x aurigeranum

The influence of the source of plant material (greenhouse-grown plants or in vitro shoot cultures), the type of tissue explant (shoot-tip, single-node stem segment, whole leaf, leaf strip or half-leaf section) and growth regulator concentration on shoot regeneration from somatic tissue of Rhododendron laetum × aurigeranum was evaluated. No regeneration response was obtained on explants from greenhouse-grown plants. Adventitious shoots were obtained from callus produced at the basal end of shoot-tip and single-node stem segment explants derived from in vitro-grown shoots cultured on Anderson's medium supplemented with 22.8 M IAA and 73.8 M 2iP. The greatest percentage of adventitious shoot regeneration (77%) was induced on leaf sections cultured in the presence of 22.8 M IAA and 147.6 M 2iP. Plant regeneration was accomplished with minimal callus formation. This technique represents a further step toward gene manipulation of Rhododendron.Abbreviations IAA 1-H-Indole-3-acetic acid - 2iP N-(3-methyl-2-Butenyl)-1H-purin-6 amine     

柑桔无病原体苗培育研究进展

简述了柑桔无病原体苗培育的 2种主要方法 :热处理法和组织培养法。其中重点介绍了利用珠心培养、胚珠培养以及茎嫁接脱除柑桔病原体的研究现状和最新进展 ,并就目前存在的问题及今后的发展方向进行了探讨     

Adventitious bud formation and shoot development from in vitro leaves of Vitis x Muscadinia hybrids

High levels of regeneration were obtained from young leaves excised from axillary shoots in proliferating nodal cultures of several Vitis x Muscadinia hybrids. Best results were obtained when the explants were cultured on solidified half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 8.9 M 6-benzyladenine and 0.05 M 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Though variation was observed among the hybrids, the procedure used does not seem to be genotype-specific as all the hybrids and cultivars tested could regenerate. Scanning electron microscopy observations and histological studies carried out during the development of adventitious shoot organogenesis revealed that the promeristem initiation occurred in the outer cell layers near the wounded area of the petiolar stub.Abbreviations BA 6-benzyladenine - NAA 1-naphthaleneacetic acid