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二十世纪我国植物学家对植物组织培养的贡献 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
朱至清 《Acta Botanica Sinica》2002,44(9):1075-1084
回顾了上一世纪我国植物组织培养的发展。 1934年以来 ,我国的植物组织培养研究一直与国际发展同步进行。我国学者在离体器官发生、茎尖培养、花药培养、子房培养、胚乳培养、原生质体培养和细胞大量培养等分支领域都取得重要进展。本文在引证我国研究者发表的植物组织培养论文的基础上 ,着重评述了那些被国际同行公认的研究成果。此外 ,还介绍了植物组织培养在我国农业和工业上应用的情况 相似文献
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石竹科植物组织培养与细胞工程 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
近年来,植物组织培养与细胞工程研究在石竹科植物上取得了一定进展。现从组织培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交、单倍体育种、试管开花、转基因等5个方面对其进行综述,并展望了石竹科植物在组织培养和细胞工程研究方面的发展前景。 相似文献
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植物细胞培养技术诞生于20世纪初,随着研究的不断进步,逐步发展出植物组织培养、植物器官培养、原生质体培养、细胞培养、冠瘿瘤培养以及不定根或毛状根培养等技术.20世纪80年代前后,利用植物细胞培养生产植物次生代谢产物的研究成为热点.比如1977年Noguchi等就利用20吨发酵罐进行了烟草细胞培养生产尼古丁实验.1977年Alfernmann等利用毛地黄培养细胞把甲基洋地黄毒苷转化为甲基地戈辛,证明植物细胞的生物转化能力.1985年日本的三井石油化学公司利用紫草细胞大规模培养生产紫草宁,并且投放市场,首次将植物细胞培养技术实现了产业化. 相似文献
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植物细胞的同步培养技术 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
植物离体培养从固体(琼脂)上的组织培养发展到液体中的细胞培养是一个发展。它与固体培养相比,细胞增殖速度快,又可大量提供较均一的细胞。但是培养细胞之间,无论在形态上还是生化特性上,仍有很大差别。在细胞培养过程中,细胞会集聚成大小不同的细胞团。这些细胞团之间,蛋白质合成速率、酶活力、细胞分裂速度等都不同。取得同步分裂的细咆培养系,既控制了细胞分裂的速度,改善细胞间的均一性,又使 相似文献
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植物组织培养方法生产药用次生代谢产物研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
赵春梅 《现代生物医学进展》2008,8(4):790-792
许多药物来源于植物次生代谢途径,目前植物组织培养方法已成为生产药用成分的重要手段.在植物组织培养中,选择高产的外植体,寻找合适的培养条件,运用两相培养法和毛状根培养技术以及控制组织培养过程中的污染、褐化及玻璃化等问题,则是提高植物细胞生长速度和次生代谢产物产量并实现工业化生产的先决条件.本文主要从以上几个方面介绍其近来的研究进展,并提出了存在的问题及解决对策. 相似文献
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生物反应器(bioreactor)是一种以表达目标产物或获得繁殖体为目的的设备系统,包括微生物、动物、植物生物反应器以及相关设备。植物生物反应器(phytobioreactor)是借鉴植物组织培养和微生物发酵原理制作的设备系统。其中,应用较广泛的是间歇浸没式植物生物反应器。与传统植物组织培养相比,该方法具备可换气、无需转接和大容量培养等特点。国内制作的BIOF系列新型植物生物反应器还可以利用串/并联方法,实现更高通量培养能力,其应用于植物种苗繁育、代谢产物的表达、耐盐等变异的定向筛选、植物生长发育的动态分析等方面均具备显著优势。现代植物生物技术在基础研究和产业方面的应用对植物生物反应器提出了新要求,新型生物反应器应用方法的持续改进和设备系统的不断完善,使其成为植物学领域的高效研究平台,并将促进植物育种和植物源化合物的发掘等方面研究效率的提高。 相似文献
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Summary The progress in the development of the technologies of plant tissue and cell culture over the past four decades has been remarkable.
This article covers my personal reflections on the various topics and is based on my involvement in the field during that
period. There are three fundamental technologies which constitute most of what is referred to as plant in vitro technologies or tissue culture. The origin and some of the key persons involved in the development of each of these procedures
will be discussed. The technology that is most common is growing plant tissue on gel-solidified nutrient media. That technology
is being used in the most vital procedures, namely the regeneration of plants from cultured cells. The culture of plant cells
in liquid suspension was developed very shortly after that, and has become a very effective technology for plant regeneration
by somatic embryogenesis. The method of meristem culture arose out of a need for developing plants that were virus-free. In
many species the technique is now being used to produce virus-free crop plants. Another important technology is the culture
of anthers and microspores for producing haploid and homozygous plants. Included with plant tissue culture is the development
of the plant protoplast and cell fusion technologies for the production of new plant hybrids. The final aspect of the development
concerns the integration of tissue culture with molecular genetics, which has developed into the rapidly expanding field of
biotechnology. 相似文献
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鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense(Hemsl.) Sarg.)是中国特有珍稀树种.鉴于目前还鲜有野生鹅掌楸组培过程生理生化变化的相关报道.本研究以峨嵋山野生鹅掌楸茎尖芽为外植体进行组织培养,并对其继代培养再生过程中超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化进行了测定.研究结果表明,随着培养时间的延长,植物体中O_2~-和MDA含量呈现逐渐增加的变化趋势.这表明在连续继代培养条件下,植物体内活性氧会积累,引起膜脂过氧化.H_2O_2含量"S"形曲线变化,并随着再生芽的分化而上升,因此,H_2O_2不仅参与了膜脂过氧化过程,还可能作为一种细胞信号物质参与诱导细胞分化和再生芽的形成.该研究也为进一步用组织培养法保存峨眉山珍稀植物鹅掌楸种质资源提供了参考. 相似文献
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The influence of ethylene in plant tissue culture 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
N. L. Biddington 《Plant Growth Regulation》1992,11(2):173-187
Ethylene produced by plant tissues grown in vitro may accumulate in large quantities in the culture vessels, particularly from rapidly growing non-differentiated callus or suspension cultures, and hence is likely to influence growth and development in such systems. Research into this aspect of tissue culture has been sparse, although it has grown recently with the increasing importance of in vitro regeneration. This review deals with the measurement and relevance of the accumulated ethylene, and the influence of both exogenous and endogenous ethylene in the different types of tissue culture systems. The relationships between ethylene and other growth regulators in tissue culture growth and development are also discussed. Although in some cases its influence seems negligible, in many types of tissue culture ethylene may act either as a promoter or inhibitor depending on the species used. Thus ethylene has an important influence on many aspects of in vitro regeneration, but it is also clear that we cannot at present describe a specific role or roles for ethylene in tissue culture which can be applied at a general, species-wide level. If its effects are to be enhanced or diminished in order to improve the efficiency and range of plant tissue culture, then more research is needed to clarify what its fundamental role might be in in vitro growth and development.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- ACC
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
- AOA
aminooxyacetic acid
- ASA
acetylsalicyclic acid
- AVG
aminoethoxyvinylglycine
- BA
N6 benzylaminopurine; 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- DNP
2,4-dinitrophenol
- GA
gibberellin
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- SAM
S-adenosylmethionine
- STS
silver thiosulphate
- TIBA
2,3,5-triidobenzoic acid 相似文献
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生物文化对生物多样性保护具有重要意义,植物园的形成和发展在历史长河中处处体现着人类因物质和精神需求而形成的植物文化。现代植物园在植物迁地保护上虽然做出了卓越贡献,但其植物文化的建设稍显滞后。在全球生物多样性保护工作的开展过程中,传统文化对生物多样性保护和生物资源可持续利用的重要作用越来越被重视。在此背景下,该文探讨了生物文化多样性和生物多样性之间紧密联系、共同演化的关系,回顾了早期植物园和我国古典园林中植物文化的体现; 通过对全球3 085个现代植物园主要功能的分析,发现开展了民族植物学研究的植物园占比7.36%,开展了保护生物学研究的植物园占比11.18%,制定了植物保护计划的占比17.18%,从而揭示了现代植物园保护功能的提升和文化功能的弱化。基于当前植物园植物多样性有效保护中对植物文化建设的需求,该文进一步分析了我国植物园植物文化建设的不足,主要包括:(1)植物物种多样性信息中植物文化信息数据不足;(2)对生物多样性保护中传统知识惠益分享的考虑欠缺;(3)缺少以文化展现植物多样性的主题园。在此基础上,该文聚焦国家植物园植物多样性保护和管理的目标,从植物多样性保护和利用、惠益共享、公众参与3个层面对国家植物园体系中的植物文化建设提出了建议,以期为我国建设具有中国生态文明特色的国家植物园体系提供参考。 相似文献
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Gunjan Prakash Sant S. Bhojwani Ashok K. Srivastava 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2002,7(4):185-193
With increasing awareness towards environment-friendly and non-toxic pesticide azadirachtin obtained from neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is gaining more and more importance. Its broad-spectrum activity, peculiar mode of action. eco-friendly and non-toxic action
towards beneficial organisms has offered many advantages over chemical pesticides. All currently use commercial formulations
based on azadirachtin contains azadirachtin extracted from seeds of naturally grown whole plants which is labour intensive
process depending upon many uncontrollable geographical and climatic factors. Plant tissue culture can be a potential process
for the production, offering consistent, stable and controlled supply of this bioactive compound, However the research on
tissue culture aspects of production are in preliminary stage and requires culture and process optimization for the development
of a commercially viable process. This review states the present status and future challenges of plant tissue culture for
azadirachtin production. 相似文献
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Recent rapid progress in plant science and biotechnology in China demonstrates that China’s stronger support for funding in plant research and development (R&D) has borne fruit. Chinese groups have contributed major advances in a range of fields, such as rice biology, plant hormone and developmental biology, genomics and evolution, plant genetics and epigenetics, as well as plant biotechnology. Strigolactone studies including those identifying its receptor and dissecting its complex structure and signaling are representative of the recent researches from China at the forefront of the field. These advances are attributable in large part to interdisciplinary studies among scientists from plant science, chemistry, bioinformatics, structural biology, and agronomy. The platforms provided by national facilities facilitate this collaboration. As well, efficient restructuring of the top–down organization of state programs and free exploration of scientists’ interests have accelerated achievements by Chinese researchers. Here, we provide a general outline of China’s progress in plant R&D to highlight fields in which Chinese research has made significant contributions. 相似文献