广东番禺红树林造林研究

结合广东番禺红树林造林的现状,对影响红树林幼苗成活率和生长状况的因素进行初步分析,并据此提出提高造林保存率的措施等。影响红树林造林成活及生长的因素为①水深潮水越深,红树幼苗成活率越低,生长越差;②风浪海面风浪越大,红树幼苗受干扰越大,成活和生长越差;③人为活动干扰会严重影响红树幼苗的成活和生长;④造林地的杂草会影响某些红树植物幼苗的光照条件;⑤海滩垃圾废物会挂断和压倒大量红树幼苗;⑥海滩石油污染会阻止红树胚轴的萌发;⑦幼苗种植时越粗壮,种植得越精细,则种植后生长越好。并提出提高造林成效的措施①加强维护和管理包括护理受损伤的红树幼苗,清除塑料袋等垃圾物,制止在红树幼苗区的捕捞活动,造林前清除杂草和固定某些红树植物幼苗;②补植受破坏的红树幼苗和扩大种植。     

广东番禺红树林造林研究

结合广东番禺红树林造林的现状,对影响红树林幼苗成活率和生长状况的因素进行初步分析,并据此提出提高造林保存率的措施等。影响红树林造林成活及生长的因素为：①水深：潮水越深,红树幼苗成活率越低,生长越差;②风浪：海面风浪越大,红树幼苗受干扰越大,成活和生长越差;③人为活动干扰会严重影响红树幼苗的成活和生长;④造林地的杂草会影响某些红树植物幼苗的光照条件;⑤海滩垃圾废物会挂断和压倒大量红树幼苗;⑥海滩石油污染会阻止红树胚轴的萌发;⑦幼苗种植时越粗壮,种植得越精细,则种植后生长越好。并提出提高造林成效的措施：①加强维护和管理：包括护理受损伤的红树幼苗,清除塑料袋等垃圾物,制止在红树幼苗区的捕捞活动,造林前清除杂草和固定某些红树植物幼苗;②补植受破坏的红树幼苗和扩大种植。     

深圳福田红树林生态造林方法技术研究

为了增加深圳红树林生物多样性而引种海南岛的银叶树、海芒果、海桑、水椰、海莲、地瓣海桑、正红树等,其技术关键是抗低温使引种成功,为了大面积造林成功,选择当地优势种秋茄,桐花树、白骨壤及木榄进行繁殖试验,其关键问题是不同种类适合于不同水深及淤泥深度,大面积造林成功的技术关键是种植时间、插植方法等。     

广东湛江红树林保护区考察散记

广东湛江红树林自然保护区管理处座落在广东湛江至广西合浦公路旁,驱车从湛江市出发,约2小时的路程。红树林保护区核心区距管理处约5公里,乘小型车经境蜒的小路可到达海岸边。地理位置为2130N和1094iE,在广东的最西端,与广西的英罗港红树林区隔湾相望,其中有林面积1250公顷;沿岸堤长对公里,林带平均宽500米。该区地处北热带季风区,即北热带与南亚热带的过渡区,年均气温23℃,绝对最高温38T,绝对最低温一4T;年均水温26T,年降雨量1200－1500毫米之间;海水盐度较高,达31．5％c;常风和台风的风力稍小,有利于红树林的生长发育…     

造林对土壤碳储量影响的研究

全球气候变化和土地利用变化,体现了自然和人类活动对陆地生态系统的影响。造林,作为一种土地利用变化．能够改变陆地土壤碳储量。但其作用结果具有不确定性,受到多种因素的制约。本文对造林后土壤碳储量变化和影响这种变化的因素及其影响效果进行综述,介绍了土壤碳储量变化的研究方法,最后指出当前研究的不足和今后的努力方向。随着我国造林面积的扩大和人工林年龄的增加,加强造林后土壤碳积累机制及这种积累的空间分异和时间动态的研究,具有重要的政治意义和科学实践意义。     

广东林业生态省建设与红树林保护

广东是我国红树林分布最多的省份之一,有红树植物17科31种,红树林湿地面积21 438.3hm²,主要分布在粤西,其次是珠江三角洲地区。红树林具有防灾减灾、净化环境、调节区域小气候、保护生物多样性等重要生态功能。在广东林业生态省建设中,保护和发展红树林被列为八大林业生态工程之一。本文对红树林的生态功能进行了具体分析;阐述了广东红树林资源分布现状、红树林在广东林业生态省建设中的作用以及保护、发展状况;指出目前红树林还面临围海造田、围海养殖、沿海城市化、废水污染等威胁,红树林保护任务艰巨;并就加强红树林保护提出建议。     

中国红树林基准价值及其单株价值分配研究

合理快速地评估红树林及其生态系统服务价值不仅是立法和管理的迫切需要,也是一个重要理论问题。迄今,89.19%的国内相关文献为个案研究,缺少国家层面的系统分析。经过文献梳理,形成了由24个指标组成的中国红树林价值评估指标体系。通过贴现折算各指标、定义红树林影响率函数,评估了中国红树林生态系统基准价值(BVE)和红树林基准价值(BVM)。结果表明,2019年BVE和BVM分别为98.74万元hm^-2 a^-1和216.79万元hm^-2 a^-1。在BVM中,红树林自身直接产生的价值占57.12%,红树林对林外湿地间接贡献的价值占42.88%。借助人均GDP比率,推算出中国东南沿海各省(区)的BVE介于59.84—149.90万元hm^-2 a^-1之间,BVM波动于131.39—329.12万元hm^-2 a^-1之间。2019年广西红树林单株林木的平均基准价值为103.78元/a。在此基础上,通过树种、高度、自然度及生长地权重...     

研究保护和开发利用红树林生态系统

一、红树林生态系统的特殊地位红树林是热带亚热带沿海滩涂上的水生或湿生乔、灌木群落。生态环境的特征是高温,潮湿、日照长、光照强、风浪区和盐土等。红树林与群落中的其他生物和非生物环境形成一个特殊的生态系统——红树林生态系统。红树林生态系统成份复杂,具有强大的活力。其中红树林是该生态系统的主体,是强大的生产者,生物能量的供给者,也是调控海岸生态平衡的     

红树林湿地碳储量及碳汇研究进展

红树林是生长在热带和亚热带地区潮间带的特殊的湿地森林,在防风固田、促进淤泥沉积、抵御海啸和台风等自然灾害和保护海岸线方面起着重要的作用.全球约有红树林152000 km²,占陆地森林面积的0.4%,我国约有230 km².热带红树林湿地的碳储量平均高达1023 Mg C·hm^-2,全球红树林湿地的碳汇能力在0.18～0.228 Pg C·a^-1.影响红树林碳储量和碳汇能力的主要因子除了植物种类组成以外,气温、海水温度、海水盐度、土壤理化性质、大气CO₂浓度及人类干扰等均有着重要作用.红树林湿地碳储量、碳汇能力的研究方法以实测法为基础,包括异速方程、遥感反演和模型模拟等.研究红树林湿地碳储量及碳汇能力,有利于深入认识红树林湿地碳循环过程及其调控机制,对红树林湿地的保护和合理利用具有重要意义.     

广西海岛红树林资源的调查研究

广西海岛有红树林植物２０种,分隶１４科、１９属;按生态外貌和优势种的原则,可划分为８个群系,１１个群落．     

广东澳头红树植物群落的物种多样性与种群分布格局研究

广东澳头红树植物群落的物种多样性与种群分布格局研究陈桂珠,缪绅裕（中山大学环科所,中山大学生物系,广州５１０２７５）ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＤｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙａｎｄＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎＰａｔｔｅｒｎｏｆＭａｎｇｒｏｖｅＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ...     

Mangrove zooplankton of North Queensland,Australia

Measurements of plankton community structure and trophic resourcespotentially available to planktonic copepods were made in the mangroveestuaries of six rivers in Northeastern Australia. The Pascoe, Claudie,Lockhart, McIvor and Daintree Rivers represent wet tropical systems on CapeYork, whereas the Haughton River estuary has restricted freshwater inflowbecause of a drier climate and freshwater diversion for agriculture. TheHaughton River was sampled approximately monthly between October 1992 andMay 1994, and had a mean abundance of zooplankton >37 μm of 200l⁻¹ (range 60–500 l⁻¹). The Cape Yorkrivers were sampled infrequently, and zooplankton abundances ranged between0.4 and 1400 l⁻¹. The zooplankton of all rivers was dominatedby copepods, particularly representatives of the genus Oithona which werecharacteristic of a distinct mangrove fauna. Physical forcing influencedthe zooplankton of mangrove estuaries much more than the measured biologicalvariables. The water column was characterised by high concentrations ofparticulate matter, up to 3.3 mg l⁻¹ C and 1.1 mgl⁻¹ N, of low food quality (as indicated by the C:N ratio).Phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll a) in all six rivers was on averagefour-fold greater than in neighbouring coastal waters (1.1–12.6μg l⁻¹), and 25% of this chlorophyll a wasderived from cells >10 μm, and thus potentially available tocopepods. The degree of mixing, determined by the combination of tidal stateand the extent of freshwater input, appears to drive both the quantity andquality of particulate material available to higher consumers and thedistribution of zooplankton communities within mangrove estuaries. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

广东电白人工红树林大型底栖动物群落的功能特征及其影响因子

随着人们对红树林生态价值的重视,近年来全球范围内陆续开展了红树林人工造林活动。以往对红树林造林成效的评价,主要集中在面积、成活率等数量指标上,很少针对红树林的生态功能进行评价。本研究对华南沿海水东湾人工红树林大型底栖动物群落的功能特征进行了调查,并分析其与环境参数的关联性。结果表明:通过1年的野外采样,共记录了5门6纲40种大型底栖动物,不同树种、林型的红树林中大型底栖动物群落的栖息密度、生物量以及功能多样性存在显著差异,无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)人工林与白骨壤(Avicennia marina)天然林的生态功能较为接近。与拉关木(Laguncularia racemosa)人工纯林相比,人工混交林能满足更多功能特征底栖动物的生境利用需求。水土理化性质与某些大型底栖动物的功能性状存在显著的相关性,红树林定居后引起生境中环境参数的改变,是造成大型底栖动物群落多样化的主要原因。     

福建红树林湿地鸟类区系研究

红树林湿地是热带、亚热带海岸带的重要湿地类型。由于红树林是自然辅助供能的高生产率的生态系统 ,具有高光合率、高呼吸率和高归还率的三高特点 ,为红树林区底栖动物的生活提供了能量来源 ,丰富的底栖动物又为鸟类等高等动物提供了充足的饵料来源。红树林湿地特殊的环境特点 ,使之成为咸淡水交迭的环境下生存的动植物、微生物丰富的基因库[10 ] 。因此 ,红树林区域在生物多样性研究中具有重要价值。在香港米埔红树林保护区 ,鸟类学家对当地鸟类的迁徙和生态进行了 30多年的研究[15,16 ] ,2 0世纪 80年代后对广东、广西、海南等地主要红树…     

Investigations of the Benthos of Mangrove Coastal Lagoons in Southern Cuba

Benthic studies were undertaken in two mangrove-lagoons on the south coast of Cuba. Both lagoons are approximately 30–50 cm deep and the tidal range is 15–20 cm. There is little influx of fresh water, and the lagoons are normally euhaline. Most of the lagoon bottom is not colonized by plants, although filamentous algae (Cladophora and Enteromorpha spp.) and Thalassia testudium grow in a few places. Meiobenthic organisms account for 92% of the invertebrates in the benthic zone of the lagoon. The five most common taxa (Nematoda, Copepoda, Tanaidacea, Oligochaeta, Polychaeta) account for 88–94% of the total number of individuals in Tolete Lagoon and in Basto Lagoon the five most common taxa (Nematoda, Copepoda, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Polychaeta) account for 97–98%. Biomasses were 26.6 g/m² in Tolete and 20.2 g/m² in Basto Lagoon. The dominant taxon on the roots of Rhizophora mangle is Crustacea (Balanus eburneus, B. recurvus and Corophium insidiosum), accounting for over 60% of the total number of individuals. They are followed by molluscs (Crassostrea rhizophora) and the polychaetes (serpulids).     

Mercury Concentration in Sediment Cores from Sundarban Mangrove Wetland,India

The work presents an extended database (n = 123) of total mercury (T_Hg) in fine-grained sediment fraction (<63 μm) of core samples in 10 sampling stations of the Sundarban mangrove wetland, India, formed at the estuarine realm of the Hugli (Ganga) River. Results revealed a wide range of spatial, seasonal, and intertidal flat variations of T_Hg (7.3 to 93.3 ng/g) with a definite enhancement level at the lower stretch of the estuary, which has extreme mangrove vegetation. An overall enrichment of T_Hg in surface/subsurface layers of the core is tentatively explained by remobilization and resuspension of the metal from deeper sediments (36–40 cm). A strong positive correlation was observed between the Hg and clay fraction content of the sediments, while correlations of Hg with organic carbon was poor. Based on the index of geoaccumulation (I_geo), enrichment factor (EF), and anthropogenic factor (AF) values, it is suggested that the sediments of Sundarban were found to be less polluted with respect to total mercury. The data reported are a useful baseline for T_Hg in Sundarban and would be of importance in future sediment quality studies.     

中国红树林生态系统生态价值评估

使用市场价值法 ,影子工程法 ,机会成本法和替代花费法等对中国现存自然分布的136 4 6hm2 的红树林生态系统的功能价值进行经济评估 ,评估结果表明 ,中国红树林总的年生态功能价值为 2 36 531万元 ,其中生物量价值 816 3万元 ,抗风消浪护岸价值 992 0 6万元 ,保护土壤价值 1156 92万元 ,固碳以减弱温室效应和释放O2 的价值 6 70 6万元 ,生物多样性保护即动物栖地价值 5470万元 ,林分养分积累价值 10 12万元 ,污染物生物降解和病虫害 2 82万元。     

Observations on vertical distribution of fungi associated with standing senescent Acanthus ilicifolius stems at Mai Po Mangrove,Hong Kong

The present study was carried out to investigate the higher fungi colonizing the herbaceous mangrove associate Acanthus ilicifolius. This paper reports part of an investigation to determine if there is vertical distribution of fungi on the standing plant.The Mai Po Mangrove, Hong Kong is estuarine with great variations in salinity mainly due to the influence of the Pearl River. Senescent and dead stems of standing Acanthus ilicifolius were collected from mangroves in Mai Po from April to December 1992. The maximum tidal range observed was 2.6 m. A stratified sampling strategy was employed to assess the vertical distribution on the standing plant. A total of 44 fungi were collected: 32 Deuteromycotina, 11 Ascomycotina and 1 Basidiomycotina. Very frequent species were Acremonium sp.(55%), Colletotrichum gloesporioides cf.(42.5%), Phoma sp. (42.5%) Fusarium sp.,(25%), Tubercularia sp. (24.2%) and Phialophora sp. cf. (19.2%). Agerita sp., Corynespora cassiicola, Stachybotrys chartarum, Trichoderma sp. and D82 were frequent, while the remaining species were recorded at less than 10%. Vertical zonation of fungi colonizing the standing stems was observed. The apical portions were colonized by typical terrestrial fungi and the basal portions by marine species. This can be attributed to both the nature of the substratum and the degree of exposure due to tidal inundation.     

Effect of pH and Salinity on Sorption of Antimony (III and V) on Mangrove Sediment,Sundarban, India

The extent of toxic metalloid retention and bioavailability and mobility in the sediment is of interest for understanding their biogeochemical cycling and for accurate risk assessment in an ecosystem. Intensification of monsoon and rainfall, believed to be related to global warming, could drive future changes of temperature, salinity, and pH distribution pattern affecting antimony cycling in the Sundarbans. This study investigated sorption kinetics of antimony (Sb) (III and V) as a function of temperature, salinity, and pH following the Langmuir model, and demonstrated that clayey silt type mangrove sediment was an effective adsorbent with higher efficiency for Sb (V) than Sb (III). Background level of Sb in the sediment was 0.35–0.78% of the maximum adsorption capacity (Γ_m). Out of the two distinct type of sorption sites governing mobility and bioavailability of Sb in the sediment, site 1 (Humic acid) showed higher affinity for Sb than the site II (oxyhydroxide). Sb adsorption was strongly influenced by temperature, salinity, and pH, which may be altered by long-term changes in climate and rainfall pattern.