人SBK1 cDNA的克隆及其相互作用蛋白的筛选

首次克隆到人的SBK1（homo sapiens SH3-binding domain kinase 1,SBK1）的cDNA序列,并通过生物信息学的手段,电子克隆到人SBK1的基因组DNA序列.人的SBK1是鼠SBK1的直系同源物,两者基因组DNA结构相似,均含有4个外显子.人的sbk1基因ORF长1 275 bp,编码424个氨基酸,而鼠的ORF长1 254 bp,编码417个氨基酸.两者编码区的核苷酸序列同源性达87.7%,而氨基酸序列同源性达95.7%,在羧基端均有一个PV富集区,推测其能与含有SH3结构域的蛋白质结合.将RT－PCR所获得的长度为1 610 bp的sbk1cDNA序列搜索EST数据库,进行电子延伸,最终获得了约5 kb的人sbk1全长mRNA序列,它与鼠的sbk1全长mRNA大小一致;通过比较基因组学发现UniGene族Hs.97837实际上代表了sbk1基因UniGene族Hs.460471的3′UTR区域,而不是代表了一个新的UniGene族.采用酵母双杂交技术,以SBK1为“诱饵”,获得了与之相互结合的蛋白表皮生长因子受体EGFR和核孤儿受体蛋白NR4A1,它们之间的具体功能关系有待进一步研究.     

A mouse c-ros genomic clone: identification of a highly conserved 22-amino acid segment in the juxta-membrane domain.

The mouse c-ros protooncogene genomic sequences have been cloned; an analysis of the partial genomic clone revealed a high conservation of the exons encoding the juxta-membrane (JM) and the 5' most protein tyrosine kinase domains. We have identified a segment of 22 amino acids conserved between the human and mouse JM domains; this segment may have a critical role in the function of the c-ros-encoded protein tyrosine kinase receptor.     

Isolation and characterization of a novel human gene expressed specifically in the cells of hematopoietic lineage.

A novel cDNA clone designated as HS1, which show an expression pattern limited to human hematopoietic cells, was isolated. About 2kb mRNA of the clone was accumulated in all the mature and immature lymphoid and myeloid cell lines tested, and two of three erythroblastoid cell lines, but not in any cell lines of non-hematopoietic tissues. The same mRNA was also detected in normal lymphoid and myeloid tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes, granulocytes and macrophages, but again not in non-hematopoietic tissues. Nucleotide sequence of the HS1 predicts a protein of 486 amino acids (Mr 53,931). N-terminal half of the protein retains unique repeating motifs, each of which shows a significant homology with the helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif of several proteins reported previously. C-terminal half of the protein retains a region conserved between non-receptor tyrosine kinases (src family), phospholipase C(PLC)-148 and the crk oncogene product. A unique feature of HS1 suggests that the protein may be involved in signal transduction and regulation of gene expression.     

Oncogenic activation of the human trk proto-oncogene by recombination with the ribosomal large subunit protein L7a.

The trk-2h oncogene, isolated from the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB 231 by genomic DNA-transfection into NIH3T3 cells, consists of the trk proto-oncogene receptor kinase domain fused to a N-terminal 41 amino acid activating sequence (Kozma, S.C., Redmond, S.M.S., Xiao-Chang, F., Saurer, S.M., Groner, B. and Hynes, N.E. (1988) EMBO J., 7, 147-154). Antibodies raised against a bacterially produced beta gal-trk receptor kinase fusion protein recognized a 44 kd phosphoprotein phosphorylated on serine, threonine and tyrosine in extracts of trk-2h transformed NIH3T3 cells. In vitro, in the presence of Mn2+/gamma ATP, this protein became phosphorylated extensively on tyrosine. Cells transformed by trk-2h did not, however, show an elevation in total phosphotyrosine. We have cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding the amino terminal activating sequences of trk-2h (Kozma et al., 1988). The encoded protein has a high basic amino acid content and the gene is expressed as an abundant 1.2 kb mRNA in human, rat and mouse cells. Antipeptide antibodies raised against a C-terminal peptide recognized specifically a 30 kd protein on Western blots of human, rat and mouse cell extracts. Immunofluorescence revealed, in addition to granular cytoplasmic fluorescence, intense nucleolar staining. The high basic amino acid content and nucleolar staining prompted us to investigate whether the 30 kd protein could be a ribosomal protein. Western immunoblotting analysis of 2D-electrophoretically resolved ribosomal proteins indicated that the 30 kd protein is the ribosomal large subunit protein L7a.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Molecular cloning and characterization of a protein tyrosine phosphatase enriched in testis, a putative murine homologue of human PTPMEG

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is regulated by protein tyrosine kinase and protein tyrosine phosphatase activities. These two counteracting proteins are implicated in cell growth and transformation. Using polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers, we have identified a novel mouse protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). This cDNA contains a single open reading frame of the predicted 926 amino acids. Those predicted amino acids showed significant identity with human megakaryocyte protein-tyrosine phosphatase by 91% in nucleotide sequences and 94% in amino acid sequences. We have identified that expression of this PTP is highly enriched in the testis in mouse and human and has been termed here as a 'testis-enriched phosphatase' (TEP). Northern analysis detected two mRNA species of 3.7 and 3.2kb for this PTP in mouse testis and the expression of TEP is regulated during development. The recombinant phosphatase domain possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity when expressed in Escherichia coli. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cellular localization of TEP on mouse testis sections showed that this PTP is specifically expressed in spermatocytes and spermatids within seminiferous tubules, suggesting an important role in spermatogenesis.     

Characterization and expression of the mouse Hsc70 gene

A genomic clone encoding the mouse Hsc70 gene has been isolated and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. The gene is approximately 3. 9 kb in length and contains eight introns, the fifth, sixth and eighth of which encode the three U14 snoRNAs. The gene has been located on Chr 9 in the order Fli1-Itm1-Olfr7-Hsc70(Rnu14)-Cbl by genetic analysis. Expression of Hsc70 is universal in all tissues of the mouse, but is slightly elevated in liver, skeletal muscle and kidney tissue, while being depressed in testes. In cultured mouse NIH 3T3 cells or human HeLa cells, Hsc70 mRNA levels are low under normal conditions, but can be induced 8-fold higher in both lines by treatment with the amino acid analog azetidine. A similar induction is seen in cells treated with the proteosome inhibitor MG132 suggesting that elevated Hsc70 expression may be coupled to protein degradation. Surprisingly, expression of the human Hsc70 gene is also regulated by cell-cycle position being 8-10-fold higher in late G1/S-phase cells as opposed to the levels in early G1-phase cells.     

Gene structure of human and mouse methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. A human cDNA for MTHFR, 2.2 kb in length, has been expressed and shown to result in a catalytically active enzyme of approximately 70 kDa. Fifteen mutations have been identified in the MTHFR gene: 14 rare mutations associated with severe enzymatic deficiency and 1 common variant associated with a milder deficiency. The common polymorphism has been implicated in three multifactorial diseases: occlusive vascular disease, neural tube defects, and colon cancer. The human gene has been mapped to chromosomal region 1p36.3 while the mouse gene has been localized to distal Chromosome (Chr) 4. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the human and mouse genes for MTHFR. A human genomic clone (17 kb) was found to contain the entire cDNA sequence of 2.2 kb; there were 11 exons ranging in size from 102 bp to 432 bp. Intron sizes ranged from 250 bp to 1.5 kb with one exception of 4.2 kb. The mouse genomic clones (19 kb) start 7 kb 5′ exon 1 and extend to the end of the coding sequence. The mouse amino acid sequence is approximately 90% identical to the corresponding human sequence. The exon sizes, locations of intronic boundaries, and intron sizes are also quite similar between the two species. The availability of human genomic clones has been useful in designing primers for exon amplification and mutation detection. The mouse genomic clones will be helpful in designing constructs for gene targeting and generation of mouse models for MTHFR deficiency. Received: 28 January 1998 / Accepted: 9 April 1998