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1.
二氧化碳(carbon dioxide, CO2)资源化利用是全球可持续发展面临的巨大挑战。自然界生物固碳绿色环保,但能效低、速度慢,难以满足工业生产需求;物理化学固碳效率高,但能耗高、产品单一,如何结合生物、物理与化学技术优势,以二氧化碳为原料进行生物转化利用是当前迫切需要解决的科技难题。本文结合中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所建所10年来的发展,综述了人工固碳元件、途径与系统的设计与构建等前沿基础领域取得的重要进展,特别是首次实现二氧化碳人工合成淀粉,并对建立二氧化碳人工生物转化技术体系进行了展望。相关进展与展望为助力实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标提供了新思路。  相似文献   

2.
碳捕获、利用与封存(carbon capture, utilization and storage, CCUS)是实现我国“双碳”目标的重要技术手段,微生物活动是CO2地质封存过程中不可忽视的一部分。部分微生物可将封存CO2转化为甲烷或有机酸以实现资源利用,也可转化为碳酸盐实现长久固定,这些微生物活动有助于实现CO2的稳定封存与负碳排放。本文分析了深地封存CO2可能涉及的微生物甲烷化、液化、矿化机理,综述了各转化途径的研究进展。CO2微生物甲烷化和液化技术能够将封存CO2转化为甲烷或高值有机物,实现资源再利用,二者既能单独使用,也可以耦联应用以扩大CO2生物转化的应用范围。CO2微生物矿化利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀将CO2转化为方解石,是一种极具潜力的固定CO2和限制CO2逃逸技术。目前CO2微生物转化仍处于起步探索阶段,亟须从转化原理及影响因素、转化效率、经济性和环保性、工艺条件等方面开展深入研究,建立健全CO2地下原位生物转化理论技术体系,并与CCUS结合建立“捕、输、驱、封、转、采”一体化技术体系,助力CCUS的高值应用和我国“双碳”目标的实现。  相似文献   

3.
半纤维素生物转化研究进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
1半纤维素在自然界中的存在和组成在自然界中着遍存在的土壤纤维物质(llsnocellulosicmat。rials),K24由纤维素(cellulose,40-60qo).、半纤维素(20-3O轴)和本质素(lignin,15-30畅)组成,这些物质是陆生植物细胞壁的主要组分(15,’l)。半纤维素较集中于初级和次级细咆哮中,与木质素和纤维素结合在一趄,以增强细胞壁的强度(幻。半纤维素是异质多糖。即是由两种或两种以上(2-4忡,少数是5,6?P)单糖基组成的不均一果糖。构成半纤维素线性聚糖主涟的单糖主要是D一水糖、D一葡萄糖、D一甘露糖;半纤维素大多具有短的…  相似文献   

4.
中药现代化是目前中药研究最迫切的需要,微生物转化技术可以利用微生物的特性解决中药现代化研究中难以解决的诸多问题,我们总结了微生物转化中药的特点,转化酶系统及反应类型,分析了微生物生物转化对中药的影响,认为微生物转化技术酶系统广泛,选择性强,反应条件温和可控,反应类型广泛,适用于所有类型的中药有效成分的生物转化,经过转化后,可以提高中药药效,降低毒性,去除杂质,帮助有效成分的体内代谢及产生新的药物成分。中药微生物转化技术必定成为中药学与微生物学完美契合的典范,推进中药现代化的进程。  相似文献   

5.
邱并生 《微生物学通报》2014,41(11):2388-2388
正秸秆作为农作物的主要副产品,是一种重要的可再生资源。利用微生物的降解能力,将秸秆转化为动物可利用的饲料,对于解决人畜争粮具有重大意义。微生物处理法具有提高营养价值、改善适口性、绿色无污染、能耗低等优点,是当前最具应用潜力和发展前景的秸秆饲料生产技术。本刊2013年第4期刊登了吴文韬、鞠美庭等发表的文章\"一株纤维素降解菌的分离、鉴定及对玉米  相似文献   

6.
生物转化中药化学成分的研究进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
生物转化是实现中药现代化的重要途径之一,阐明了生物转化中药化学成分的研究内容和应用范围,讨论了目前存在的问题和解决办法,并对生物转化中药化学成分的发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

7.
甾体皂苷是中药中一类较为复杂的糖苷类化合物,具有多方面的药理活性。生物转化是利用各种酶系或微生物对天然活性化合物进行生物合成与结构修饰。利用生物转化技术可以对甾体皂苷类化合物完成化学法难以进行的结构改造和修饰,从而获得具有更高药用价值的目标化合物。本文对近几年利用微生物和酶法转化对甾体皂苷结构修饰的研究进展进行了综述,并分析了甾体皂苷生物转化研究中存在的问题,展望了其研究的前景。  相似文献   

8.
作为来源广泛、储量丰富的有机碳一气体,甲烷被认为是下一代工业生物技术中最具潜力的碳原料之一.嗜甲烷菌能够利用其体内的甲烷单加氧化酶,将甲烷作为唯一的碳源和能源进行生长和代谢,这为温室气体减排及其开发利用提供了新的策略.目前,嗜甲烷菌生物催化体系的相关研究已开展多年,随着系统生物学和合成生物学的快速发展,利用代谢工程合理...  相似文献   

9.
《生命科学研究》2013,(6):554-560
砷广泛分布于自然界中,与人类的活动与健康息息相关.一方面,砷中毒与砷污染事件在全球范围内的频发,严重威胁人类的健康.目前的研究发现自然界中的抗砷微生物直接参与了砷的地球化学循环,在砷的生物转化以及在砷污染的生物治理中起到重要的作用.另一方面,砷作为毒物的同时亦是一种有效的中西药制剂,在治疗血液系统、恶性淋巴系统疾病及癌症中具有明显的疗效,因此砷在人体的转化过程与机制研究有待深入的探讨.有鉴于此,对砷在自然界和人体中的转化形式以及抗砷微生物的抗砷机制进行了阐述,并对砷的微生物转化在环境与医学中的应用进行了展望.  相似文献   

10.
甲醇来源丰富、价格低廉,已成为生物制造行业极具吸引力的底物之一。构建微生物细胞工厂实现甲醇到增值化学品的生物转化,具有过程绿色、条件温和、产品体系多样等优势,不仅能拓展基于甲醇的产品链,还能缓解当前生物制造“与民争粮、与粮争地”的问题,是实现绿色生物制造的重要手段。因此,阐明不同天然甲基营养菌中涉及甲醇氧化、甲醛同化和异化途径对于后续基因工程改造工作至关重要,也更有利于构建新型非天然甲基营养菌。本文讨论了甲基营养菌中甲醇代谢途径的研究现状,并结合近年来天然和人工合成甲基营养菌在甲醇生物转化中的应用进展及面临的挑战。  相似文献   

11.
随着生物化工技术的不断发展成熟,通过改造微生物已可以实现二氧化碳、甲烷等温室气体的固定、转化和利用,而电子传递及能量供给对微生物固碳效率起着决定性的作用。本文首先分析了好氧性嗜甲烷菌、化能自养微生物等天然微生物细胞内外的直接、间接电子传递系统。在此基础上,围绕微生物固碳细胞工厂的构建,进一步介绍了基于光能、电能的人工电子供给策略及其对固碳过程中代谢通量、合成路径和供能效率的影响。最后针对微生物固碳的关键共性技术难点,简要展望了可行性的解决方案及相关应用前景。  相似文献   

12.
微生物电合成(Microbial electrosynthesis,MES)可直接利用电能驱动微生物还原固定CO_2合成多碳化合物,为可再生新能源转化、精细化学品制备和生态环境保护提供新机遇。但是,微生物吸收胞外电极电子速率慢、产物合成效率低和产品品位不高,限制了MES实现工业化应用。在概述阴极电活性微生物吸收胞外电子的分子机制的基础上,重点综述近5年应用生物工程的理论和技术强化MES用于CO_2转化的策略与研究进展,包括改造和调控胞外电子传递通路和胞内代谢途径以及定向构建有限微生物混合培养菌群三方面,阐明了生物工程可有效突破MES中电子传递慢和可用代谢途径相对单一等瓶颈。针对目前生物工程在改进MES所面临的主要问题,从胞外电子传递机理研究、基因工具箱开发、组学技术与现代分析技术联用等角度展望了今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

13.
Results of hydrochemical and stable isotope measurements during the ice-breaking period on Lake Baikal indicate an apparent lack of relationship between measured δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and phytoplankton below the trophogenic layer. While planktonic values of −31.7 to −33.5‰ are within a typical lacustrine range, the δ13C values of DIC turned out to be very negative, from −28.9 to −35.6‰. These isotopic values of DIC appear to be associated with oxidation of methane that accumulated during winter ice cover period. At the time of sampling, however, the observed depletion did not affect the phytoplankton/DIC fractionation relationship, because the difference between phytoplankton and DIC (−20 to −22‰ in surface waters) lies within the expected range of the fractionation coefficient. By analogy with small lakes, we explain this lack of relationship by the time lag between peak productivity and peak methane oxidation. Our interpretation of the Baikal DIC isotopic signature is consistent with methanogenesis in bottom sediments and with the known presence of widespread unstable gas hydrates and active methane seeps on the lake floor. Our findings suggest that methane is an important component of the Baikal carbon cycle, that late winter concentrations of methane in Baikal under ice may be 3–4 orders of magnitude higher than previously reported values for summer, and that the lake may be emitting a significant amount of methane to the atmosphere.  相似文献   

14.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Biochar additions can improve soil fertility and sequester carbon, but biochar effects have been investigated primarily in agricultural systems. Biochar from spruce and maple sawdust feedstocks (with and without inorganic phosphorus in a factorial design) were added to plots in a commercially managed temperate hardwood forest stand in central Ontario, Canada; treatments were applied as a top‐dressing immediately prior to fall leaf abscission in September 2011. Forests in this region have acidic, sandy soils, and due to nitrogen deposition may exhibit phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium limitation. To investigate short‐term impacts of biochar application on soil nutrient supply and greenhouse gas fluxes as compared to phosphorus fertilization, data were collected over the first year after treatment application; linear mixed models were used to analyze data. Two to six weeks after treatment application, there were higher concentrations of potassium in spruce and maple biochar plots, and phosphorus in spruce biochar plots, as compared to the control treatment. There were higher concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in the phosphorus plots. In the following spring and summer (9–12 months after treatment application), there were higher soil calcium concentrations in maple biochar plots, and phosphorus plots still had higher soil phosphorus concentrations than control plots. No treatment effects on fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, or nitrous oxide were detected in the field; however, laboratory incubations after 12 months showed higher microbial respiration in soils from maple biochar plots as compared to spruce biochar, despite no effect on microbial biomass. The results suggest that the most important short‐term impact of biochar additions in this system is the increased supply of the limiting plant nutrients phosphorus and calcium. We expect that larger changes in mineral soil physical and chemical properties will occur when the surface‐applied biochar becomes incorporated into the soil after a few years.  相似文献   

15.
An aerobic methanotrophic-heterotrophic soil community has been characterised when growing with different partial pressures of CO2. The methanotrophic population using methane as carbon source reached 3 × 107 cfu ml–1 with one of the major methanotrophs being of type II which uses the serine pathway for C assimilation. Optimal methanotrophic activity required the addition of CO2, and in the absence of CO2 no methane oxidisers grew. Partial pressures of CO2 from 1.6 to 11.6 kPa gave optimal cell growth and production of soluble organic compounds. Biomass yield, soluble organics and CO2 production were 0.36, 0.15, and 0.48 mg mg–1 methane uptake, respectively, with CO2 at 11.6 kPa. The results presented here may have important implications for the use of methane-oxidising bacteria in bioremedial applications.  相似文献   

16.
Recent anthropogenic emissions of key atmospheric trace gases (e.g. CO2 and CH4) which absorb infra-red radiation may lead to an increase in mean surface temperatures and potential changes in climate. Although sources of each gas have been evaluated independently, little attention has focused on potential interactions between gases which could influence emission rates. In the current experiment, the effect of enhanced CO2 (300 μL L–1 above ambient) and/or air temperature (4 °C above ambient) on methane generation and emission were determined for the irrigated tropical paddy rice system over 3 consecutive field seasons (1995 wet and dry seasons 1996 dry season). For all three seasons, elevated CO2 concentration resulted in a significant increase in dissolved soil methane relative to the ambient control. Consistent with the observed increases in soil methane, measurements of methane flux per unit surface area during the 1995 wet and 1996 dry seasons also showed a significant increase at elevated carbon dioxide concentration relative to the ambient CO2 condition (+49 and 60% for each season, respectively). Growth of rice at both increasing CO2 concentration and air temperature did not result in additional stimulation of either dissolved or emitted methane compared to growth at elevated CO2 alone. The observed increase in methane emissions were associated with a large, consistent, CO2-induced stimulation of root growth. Results from this experiment suggest that as atmospheric CO2 concentration increases, methane emissions from tropical paddy rice could increase above current projections.  相似文献   

17.
李洋  唐书恒  陈健  陈萍 《微生物学报》2022,62(6):2328-2339
在“双碳”目标引领下,传统化石能源将逐渐被取代。我国煤炭资源储量多、分布广,将不可开采的煤炭资源生物气化可作为天然气资源的重要补充。因此,研究生物成因煤层气的增产机理具有重要的理论和现实意义。煤生物气化的发展前景广阔,但难点在其缓慢的动力学特征。为揭示生物煤层气的生成潜力和内部因素,本文就煤的物理化学特征对生物气化的影响、煤的物化性质对生物作用的响应以及预处理煤提高其生物有效利用性进行系统论述。生物作用降解煤的内部因素和环境条件已通过室内研究查明,发现低阶煤比高阶煤更具生物气增产潜力。产甲烷微生物群落对煤的生物转化过程势必引起煤的各项物理化学性质的变化。为产甲烷菌持续提供可用底物是煤生物气化的主要限制因素,研究多以化学预处理手段提高煤生物气化的效率和产量,而超临界CO2萃取以物理方式溶解大分子网格中小分子有机物用于生物气化。生物成因煤层气的增产潜力巨大,但室内实验条件与储层环境差异明显,原位增产有待深入研究,煤层有机物生物转化的微生物学研究亦有待完善。不同煤阶、不同储层环境对生物气化影响的主控因素研究是实现煤的生物气化商业化开发的关键。  相似文献   

18.
    
  1. With the recent population increase in beavers (Castor spp.), a considerable amount of new riparian habitat has been created in the Holarctic. We evaluated how beaver‐induced floods affect carbon (C) dynamics in the beaver ponds and in the water‐atmosphere and riparian zone interfaces.
  2. Beaver disturbance affects soil organic C storage by decreasing or increasing it, resulting in a redistribution of C. Upon flooding, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC ) increases in the water. This C can be released into the atmosphere, it can settle down to the bottom sediments, it can be sequestered by vegetation, or it can be transported downstream. The carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions vary between 0.14 and 11.2 g CO 2 m?2 day?1, averaging 4.9 CO 2 g m?2 day?1. The methane (CH 4) emissions vary too, from 27 mg m?2 day?1 to 919 mg m?2 day?1, averaging 222 mg CH 4 m?2 day?1. Globally, C emission from beaver ponds in the form of CH 4 and CO 2 may be 3.33–4.62 Tg (teragram, 1012 g) year?1.
  3. The yearly short‐term sedimentation rates in beaver ponds vary between 0.4 and 47 cm year?1, and individual ponds contain 9–6355 m3 of sediment. The approximate global estimate for yearly C sedimentation is 3.8 Tg C; beaver ponds globally contain 380 Tg sedimented C. After being formed, beaver pond deposits can remain for millennia.
  4. Both C sequestration and CO 2 and CH 4 emissions in ponds of various ages should be taken into account when considering the net effect of beavers on the C dynamics. With present estimates, beaver ponds globally range from a sink (?0.47 Tg year?1) to a source (0.82 Tg year?1) of C. More research is needed with continuous flux measurements and from ponds of different ages. Likewise, there is a need for more studies in Eurasia to understand the effect of beaver on C biogeochemistry.
  相似文献   

19.
张尹  于志国  金彪 《生态学报》2020,40(24):8936-8947
为研究北方泥炭沼泽湿地二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)浓度随深度的变化规律及其影响因素,选取欧洲北部典型雨养泥炭地贝尔山湿地(BBM)和舒特兹山湿地(SBM)两个采样点,通过原位采集泥炭剖面温室气体、孔隙水以及土壤样品,结合傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术、碳氮同位素技术,探讨泥炭土壤的分解程度及温室气体浓度变化的关系。研究结果表明:(1)BBM采样点地下部的CO2浓度变化规律总体呈现随深度波动减少趋势,值多在3000μmol/L附近波动,最大值为4210.74μmol/L(120 cm),SBM采样点的CO2浓度随深度先增后减,60 cm以上在1800μmol/L附近波动,60 cm以下在3000μmol/L附近波动,最大值为4191.94μmol/L(90 cm);BBM和SBM地下部CH4浓度都随深度增大,并且在60cm以下浓度增加较快,BBM最大值为735.90μmol/L(260 cm),SBM最大值为543.51μmol/L(170 cm)。(2)BBM和SBM...  相似文献   

20.
舍饲绵羊甲烷和二氧化碳的日排放动态   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
运用密闭呼吸代谢箱系统,对3只舍饲绵羊24h(有间断)甲烷(CH4)和二氧化碳(CO2)日排放特征进行了研究.供试3只甘肃细毛羊体况相近(平均体重为(25±5)kg),其基础日粮为燕麦干草和玉米精料,粗精比为 6∶4.结果表明:供试绵羊CH4和CO2的平均排放量分别为11g/d和147 g/d,CH4排放的峰值分别出现在17:00和22:00左右,达0.4217g/h和0.8082 g/h,直到0:00降至最小为0.2993g/h;之后趋于平稳,次日8:00左右再次达到排放高峰,排放量为0.6587 g/h.而CO2在各个测定时间段内差异不显著(p>0.05).因此,舍饲条件下绵羊CH4和CO2排放量动态(g/min)变化不同步.由此,推算出舍饲绵羊(25±5)kg年排放CH4和CO2总量分别约为4.38 kg和53.66 kg.  相似文献   

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