弱激光通过激活Src增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能

巨噬细胞对病原菌的吞噬以及随后的降解在机体免疫防御中起重要作用.近年来,对增强巨噬细胞吞噬能力的研究越来越被重视.弱激光具有独特的生物组织学作用特征,从而调节机体多种功能.本文重点探讨了He-Ne激光(632.8 nm)照射对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响及分子信号调控机理.实验结果表明,弱激光能够通过激活巨噬细胞内Sre激酶...     

弱激光的生物学效应及对红细胞变形性的改善作用

简要叙述激光生物效应和弱激光生物刺激作用。概括阐述激光照射血液所产生的生物学效应,叙述了弱激光对红细胞变形性的改善作用并探讨其可能的作用机理。     

弱激光对大鼠胃运动的调节及其作用途径分析

采用成年Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠,应用Ｒａｙｂｏｕｌｄ法测定了弱激光照射足三里穴对大鼠胃运动的调节作用,实验结果为：（１）弱激光照射足三里穴对大鼠胃内压及胃收缩频率均有明显升高作用;（２）腹腔预先注射酚托拉明,部分抑制了弱激光效应;（３）腹腔预先注射心得安,显著地抑制了弱激光的升压及升频作用,并使胃内压及胃收缩频率低于单纯心得安的效应值;（４）腹腔预选注射纳洛酮,部分抑制了弱激光的效应;（５）腹腔预先     

激光对机体免疫功能的影响

激光对机体免疫功能的影响黄瑜峰,黄卓正广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院５３００２１近十年多来激光技术在临床医学上的应用日益广泛,弱激光照射治疗某些疾病国内外均有许多成功的报道,但对其作用机理目前尚未十分清楚。为此,促使人们探讨弱激光治疗的作用机制进行了多方面...     

激光育种机理非线性研究

本文对激光与ＤＮＡ分子相互作用,考虑了随机力作用,建立了ＤＮＡ分子在激光作用下的Ｆｏｋｋｅｒ－ｐｌａｎｃｋ方程（ＦＰＥ）。分析了ＤＮＡ分子系统的ＦＰＥ势函数,对激光育种中的ＤＮＡ遗传变异的随机不确定性现象进行了解释。     

准分子激光的医学应用

由于准分子激光对生物组织作用的独特机理─光化学分解作用,解决了许多临床治疗难题。近年来,难分子激光在激光医学中得到较广泛的应用。医用准分子激光种类主要有XeCl,308nm;ArF,193nm;KrF,248nm。本文介绍了准分子激光在医学中的几种典型应用。     

高频激光-DNA分子相互作用体系相空间的局域特征

利用激光与DNA分子相互作用的动力学模型,借助适当的数值方法,讨论了系统动力学演化及相空间特性。结果表明：高频激光可使DNA分子的运动状态发生变化;特别地,相空间分析表明,高频激光的作用会使DNA分子运动在一些特定状态之间转变。从而可说明高频激光作用下DNA分子呈现新的有序运动现象。     

激光对DNA的作用

简述了激光对DNA的作用。介绍了与激光辐照导致DNA链断裂、光产物形成及其分子机理、激光损伤与突变的关系以及高能脉冲激光和双光子作用有关的一些研究结果。     

激光育种机理的动力学研究

对ＤＮＡ分子系统的动力学研究表明,ＤＮＡ分子系统存在双稳势。激光与ＤＮＡ作用,可激发ＤＮＡ分子系统进入混沌状态,从而引起遗传变异。若无激光作用,生物体系是一个稳定体系。     

大白鼠糖致白内障的激光喇曼光谱研究

作者用激光喇曼光谱法分析半乳糖导致大白鼠晶状体混浊过程中构象的变化。通过SPEX 1403型激光喇曼光谱仪得到了正常及不同混浊度晶状体的喇曼光谱。结果表明晶状体可溶性蛋白质二级结构的光谱未见异常,其残基酪氨酸及色氨酸微环境起了变化。随着晶状体混浊度的增加,SH谱峰强度变小而S-S键谱峰增强,同时观察到荧光背景逐渐加强。经分析认为晶状体混浊是与蛋白质分子的聚集有关。     

Forces-induced pinpoint denaturation of short DNA

A method that can pinpoint control DNA denaturation is reported. In the single molecule experiment using spFRET, DNA adhered on a quartz surface is acted upon by both a weak laser field force and a fast temporal mechanical force. The experiment showed that increasing strengths of laser power result in increasing percentage of denatured DNA; different mechanical forces produce different numbers of DNA opening. Besides the method’s simplicity and convenience for DNA melting, its crucial advantage and potential application is the ability to denature DNA at specified locations, i.e., a weak laser and a fast temporal mechanical force can be used in pinpoint denaturation of short DNA.     

Photoinduced enzymatic epimerization of glucose

The possibility was examined whether weak external electromagnetic radiation can affect the parameters of enzymic reactions. It was found that, in a system involving an aqueous solution of concanavalin A, glucose, and erbium salt exposed to helium-neon laser light of a wavelength of 633 nm, epimers of glucose: allosa, mannose, and galactose are formed. The effect observed was found to represent a photoinduced enzymic reaction in which the protein dissolved in water converts the glucose associated with it into epimers by the action of electromagnetic radiation. The photoepimerase activity of concanavalin A was established for the first time.     

Molecular classification of liver cirrhosis in a rat model by proteomics and bioinformatics

Liver cirrhosis is a worldwide health problem. Reliable, noninvasive methods for early detection of liver cirrhosis are not available. Using a three-step approach, we classified sera from rats with liver cirrhosis following different treatment insults. The approach consisted of: (i) protein profiling using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) technology; (ii) selection of a statistically significant serum biomarker set using machine learning algorithms; and (iii) identification of selected serum biomarkers by peptide sequencing. We generated serum protein profiles from three groups of rats: (i) normal (n=8), (ii) thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis (n=22), and (iii) bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis (n=5) using a weak cation exchanger surface. Profiling data were further analyzed by a recursive support vector machine algorithm to select a panel of statistically significant biomarkers for class prediction. Sensitivity and specificity of classification using the selected protein marker set were higher than 92%. A consistently down-regulated 3495 Da protein in cirrhosis samples was one of the selected significant biomarkers. This 3495 Da protein was purified on-chip and trypsin digested. Further structural characterization of this biomarkers candidate was done by using cross-platform matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight/time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Combined data from PMF and MS/MS spectra of two tryptic peptides suggested that this 3495 Da protein shared homology to a histidine-rich glycoprotein. These results demonstrated a novel approach to discovery of new biomarkers for early detection of liver cirrhosis and classification of liver diseases.     

Raman amplification of laser pulses near the threshold for plasma wave breaking

Equations are derived for the amplitudes of counter-propagating laser pulses near the threshold for plasma wave breaking, which allow one to describe laser pulses with durations on the order of the plasma oscillation period. In the quasi-monochromatic approximation, they take the form of conventional threewave equations with an additional nonlinearity for the plasma wave. The amplitudes of the amplified laser pulses estimated using these equations agree with results obtained by solving the complete equations. It is shown that Raman amplification of a weak quasi-monochromatic signal (plasma noise) in rarified plasma is significantly suppressed. At the same time, according to numerical simulations, the amplification of laser pulses with durations on the order of the plasma oscillation period is suppressed insignificantly. This result opens new prospects in the application of Raman compression of laser pulses without additional frequency modulation.     

Cell-dependent differential cellular uptake of PNA,peptides, and PNA-peptide conjugates

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers were conjugated to cell-penetrating peptides: pAnt, a 17-residue fragment of the Drosophila protein Antennapedia, and pTat, a 14-amino acid fragment of HIV protein Tat. A 14-mer PNA was attached to the peptide by disulfide linkage or by maleimide coupling. The uptake of (directly or indirectly, via biotin) fluorescein-labeled peptides, PNAs, or PNA-peptide conjugates was studied by fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and fluorometry in five cell types. In SK-BR-3, HeLa, and IMR-90 cells, the PNA-peptide conjugates and a T1, backbone-modified PNA were readily taken up (2 microM). The PNA was almost exclusively confined to vesicular compartments in the cytosol. However, the IMR-90 cells also showed a weak diffuse staining of the cytoplasm. In the U937 cells, we observed a very weak and exclusively vesicular staining with the PNA-peptide conjugates and the T(lys)-modified PNA. No evident uptake of the unmodified PNA was seen. In H9 cells, both peptides and the PNA-peptide conjugates quickly associated with the membrane, followed by a weak intracellular staining. A cytotoxic effect resulting in artificial staining of the cells was observed with fluoresceinated peptides and PNA-peptide conjugates at concentrations above 5-10 microM, depending on cell type and incubation time. We conclude that uptake of PNAs in many cell types can be achieved either by conjugating to certain peptides or simply by charging the PNA backbone using lysine PNA units. The uptake is time, temperature, and concentration dependent and mainly endocytotic. Our results also show that proper controls for cytotoxicity should always be carried out to avoid misinterpretation of visual data.     

基因突变细菌视紫红质薄膜的长寿命M态光存储

实验研究了D96N型基因突变细菌视紫红质薄膜的光存储性能,实现了用670 nm激光在BR膜上记录光学图像,用560 nm弱光读出图像,用488 nm激光擦除图像的写读擦操作.M态寿命在室温下延长到了3 min,比溶液状态下的野生细菌视紫红质M态寿命延长了5个数量级.     

激光技术在果树育种的应用

在激光果树育种中,激光的生物效应不仅取决于辐照时的激光参数,也取决于被辐照组织的部位、辐照季节等。本文对如何预选激光参数,并对激光诱变生物效应的机制均进行了探讨。紫外和可见激光的诱变机制主要是光化学反应;红外激光的诱变机制,在强激励方式下主要是多光子吸收,在弱激励时则热效应和非热的相干共振效应同时存在。     

Picoliter-scale protein microarrays by laser direct write

We demonstrate the accurate picoliter-scale dispensing of active proteins using a novel laser transfer technique. Droplets of protein solution are dispensed onto functionalized glass slides and into plastic microwells, activating as small as 50-microm diameter areas on these surfaces. Protein microarrays fabricated by laser transfer were assayed using standard fluorescent labeling techniques to demonstrate successful protein and antigen binding. These results indicate that laser transfer does not damage the active site of the dispensed protein and that this technique can be used to successfully fabricate a functioning protein microarray. Also, as a result of the efficient nature of the process, material usage is reduced by two to four orders of magnitude compared to conventional pin dispensing methods for protein spotting.     

Characterizing weak protein–protein complexes by NMR residual dipolar couplings

Protein–protein interactions occur with a wide range of affinities from tight complexes characterized by femtomolar dissociation constants to weak, and more transient, complexes of millimolar affinity. Many of the weak and transiently formed protein–protein complexes have escaped characterization due to the difficulties in obtaining experimental parameters that report on the complexes alone without contributions from the unbound, free proteins. Here, we review recent developments for characterizing the structures of weak protein–protein complexes using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with special emphasis on the utility of residual dipolar couplings.     

An increase in the intracellular pH of fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis is associated with inhibition of protein and DNA syntheses and followed by an arrest of embryonic development

In many systems, events participating in cell division are controlled by intracellular pH (pHi). In Xenopus eggs, fertilization is accompanied by an increase in pHi which occurs concomitantly with an increase in protein synthesis and a reinitiation of DNA synthesis, leading the embryo to cell division. In this paper, we have shown that increasing pHi of fertilized eggs from 7.8 to 8.2 by using weak bases produced an arrest in embryonic development. Such a change in pHi was accompanied by a severe inhibition of both protein and DNA syntheses. In order to discriminate between a direct effect of pHi and a pH-independent effect of weak bases on these biosyntheses, the situation was studied in vitro. For this purpose, cytoplasmic extracts were used in which weak base addition did not produce any change in pH. Under these conditions, protein synthesis was not inhibited, suggesting that pH is probably one of the events implicated in the regulation of protein synthesis. On the other hand, DNA synthesis was inhibited by weak bases in vitro, without any change in pH intervening.