~(60)Co γ线对肿瘤病人T、B淋巴细胞转化过程中三种大分子合成的效应

应用植物血凝素(PHA)和脂多糖(LPS)激活淋巴细胞,以氢-胸腺嘧啶核苷(~3H-TdR)、碳一尿嘧啶核苷(~(14)C-UR)和碳-缬氨酸作掺入实验,以分别反映T、B淋巴细胞转化过程中的DNA、RNA和蛋白质的合成能力。共测定了50例肿瘤病人,与正常人比较:T淋巴细胞转化能力明显降低,B淋巴细胞转化能力显著增高。经过一个疗程的~(60)Co照射后T细胞转化比照前又显著降低,B细胞转化比照前又显著增高,三种大分子合成都表现同样的规律,反映了辐射抑制T淋巴细胞DNA和RNA合成,相反地刺激了B淋巴细胞的DNA、RNA和蛋白质的合成。以上的辐射效应随照射剂量和照射野的增加而愈益明显。     

凝血酶诱导大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡及其与Bcl-2及Bax表达变化关系的实验研究

目的研究不同浓度凝血酶诱导海马神经元凋亡的作用及其机制.方法将原代培养新生大鼠海马神经元分为对照组,凝血酶组(1U/ml,10U/ml,20U/ml,40U/ml),凝血酶受体激活肽组.应用TUNEL及流式细胞仪检测凋亡细胞数及凋亡百分率,免疫细胞化学方法检测Bcl-2,Bax蛋白表达.结果低浓度凝血酶组(1U/ml)凋亡细胞数和凋亡率与对照组无差异,Bcl-2表达增加;随凝血酶浓度增加,TUNEL阳性细胞数及凋亡率明显增多,Bcl-2表达下调,Bax表达上调,Bcl-2/Bax比值降低.凝血酶受体激活肽的作用与大剂量凝血酶类似.结论凝血酶可能通过激活PAR-1受体诱导凋亡,凋亡呈剂量依赖性.Bcl-2的表达减少,Bax的表达增加,Bcl-2/Bax降低可能为高浓度凝血酶诱导凋亡的机制之一.     

甲2巨球蛋白制剂对正常人外周血淋巴细胞周期的影响

采用外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体差别法(SCE)检测技术,研究甲_2巨球蛋白制剂α_2M对人外周血淋巴细胞周期的影响,在人外周血淋巴细胞培养中加入α_2M制剂浓度在≤0.5mg/ml培养液时,第一次细胞周期(M_1)、第二次细胞周期(M_2)、第三次细胞周期(M_3)、细胞增殖速度指数(PRI)改变不大。在加入的α_2M制剂浓度(?)1.0 mg/ml培养液时,M_1百分数增加(r=0.977,P<0.001)、M_2百分数也随α_2M浓度递增而增高(r=0.956,P<0.001)而M_3百分数则随α_2M浓度递增而减少(r=-0.979,P<0.001)、细胞增殖速度指数则随α_2M浓度递增而减少(r=-0.983,P<0.01),表明在人外周血淋巴细胞离体培养时,当每毫升培养液中α_2M浓度等于或大于1mg时,细胞分裂周期延缓。讨论了它的意义和可能作用的环节。     

B7分子家族及其配体

新近发现众多B7分子家族成员及其受体，其第二信号功能并不单纯表现为T淋巴细胞正向激活，对激活T细胞效应功能和诱导耐受也有调节作用。这些B7分子在非淋巴组织广泛表达，而它们的受体仅在激活的淋巴细胞表面诱导表达。本对其结构、表达和功能特点作一综述。     

胰岛素对β细胞胰岛素分泌的反馈影响

目的：探讨不同浓度外源性胰岛素在不同浓度葡萄糖情况下对β TC-3细胞胰岛素分泌的影响。方法：取对数生长期的13TC3细胞分三组,即低糖组、中糖组、高糖组（葡萄糖浓度分别取1．0mmol／L、3．Ommoi／L、20．Ommol／L）。每组分0、5、10、15、100、500、5000和50000μU／ml胰岛素八个亚组（其中0μU／ml作为对照组）。刺激10分钟后取上清液测C肽。结果：在高糖组中,C肽分泌量无明显差异;在中糖组中,10μU／ml和15μU／ml两组相对对照组C肽分泌量显著增加,50000μU／ml组C肽分泌量则相对对照组出现减少,其余3个亚组无明显改变;在低糖组中,c肽分泌量除5000μU／ml组减少外。其它亚组C肽分泌量无明显差畀。结论：胞外胰岛素在适宜葡萄糖浓度时,对BTC3细胞胰岛素分泌的反馈影响呈剂量依赖关系。     

微囊藻毒素与饮用水消毒副产物复合诱导草鱼淋巴细胞凋亡

针对饮用水中消毒副产物与微囊藻毒素的低剂量复合污染问题,采用离体细胞培养诱导方法,以草鱼淋巴细胞为暴露受体,研究了MCLR、MCRR两种微囊藻毒素和CHClBr₂、CHCl₂Br两种消毒副产物的单独与联合毒效应.结果表明:4种污染物在试验浓度下暴露2 h即能使草鱼淋巴细胞发生凋亡,且呈显著的剂量-效应关系;1 nmol·L^-1MCLR、MCRR分别和1～100 nmol·L^-1的CHCl₂Br、CHClBr₂的联合作用均表现为相加作用,并且均呈显著的剂量-效应关系.草鱼淋巴细胞凋亡率可作为一种有效的指标来评价微囊藻毒素及消毒副产物复合污染引起的细胞毒性.     

刺五加多糖对断奶仔猪外周血淋巴细胞信号传导的影响

为了初步探讨刺五加多糖(ASPS)调节仔猪免疫功能的作用机制,试验研究了ASPS对体外培养的仔猪外周血淋巴细胞信号传导的影响。试验取28日龄断奶仔猪的外周血制备淋巴细胞悬液,分离其中的T、B淋巴细胞,分别与培养体系终浓度为0、40、80、160、320μg/mL ASPS共同孵育,MTT法测定T、B淋巴细胞转化率;在培养体系中加入TLR4抗体初步探讨ASPS影响淋巴细胞的信号传导途径。结果表明,ASPS能显著促进体外培养的仔猪外周血T淋巴细胞转化率以及淋巴细胞IL-2的分泌量(P0.05),而对B淋巴细胞转化率和IL-4水平无显著影响(P0.05)。当培养体系中无TLR4抗体时,ASPS对淋巴细胞分泌TNF-α、NO、iNOS和NF-κB因子水平有显著影响(P0.05),而当培养体系中加入TLR4抗体后,ASPS对上述指标无显著影响(P0.05)。上述结果提示,T细胞可能是ASPS直接作用的靶细胞之一,ASPS调节淋巴细胞免疫功能可能是通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路起作用。     

白细胞介素-2对大鼠心肌Ca2+ATPase和Na+ /K+ATPase的影响

为了探讨IL－2对心肌细胞内钙影响的可能机制,用光学法检测心肌肌浆网Ca^2 ATPase的活性,以及细胞膜Ca^2 ATPase和Na^ /K^ ATPase的活性。结果：（1）用IL－2（10、40、200、800U/ml）灌流心脏后,其肌浆网Ca^2 ATPase的活性随IL－2浓度的升高而增强;（2）在ATP浓度为0.1-4mmol/L时,Ca^2 ATPase的活性随ATP浓度的升庙则增强,由IL－2（200U／ml）灌流后的心脏获得肌浆网（SR）,其Ca^2 ATPase的活性对ATP的反应强于对照组;（3）在[Ca^2 ]为1－40μmol/L时,心脏SR Ca^2 ATPase的活性随[Ca^2 ]增加而增强,而IL－2灌流心脏后分离的SR,其Ca^2 ATPase活性在[Ca^2 ]升高时没有明显改变;（4）用nor-BNI(10nmol/L）预处理5min后,IL－2（200U／ml）灌流后不再使SR Ca^2 ATPase的活性增强;（5）用PTX（5mg/L）预处理后,IL－2对SR Ca^2 ATPase的影响减弱;（6）用磷脂酶C（PLC）抑制剂U73122（5μmol/L）处理后,IL－2不再使SR Ca^2 ATPase活性增高;（7）用IL－2直接处理从正常大鼠分离的SR后,对SR Ca^2 ATPase活性无明显影响;（8）IL－2灌流后,对心肌细胞膜Ca^2 ATPase和Na^ /K^ ATPase活性没有显著。上述结果表明,IL－2灌流心脏后使心肌肌浆网Ca^2 ATPase的活性增加,心肌细胞膜上的κ－阿片受体及其下游的G蛋白和PLC介导了IL－2的作用。尽管IL－2提高SR Ca^2 ATPase对ATP的反应性,但却抑制SR Ca^2 ATPase对钙离子的敏感性。IL－2对心肌细胞膜Ca^2 ATPase和Na^ /K^ ATPase的活性无明显影响。     

N—硝基精氨酸抑制海马神经元兴奋机制

研究N－硝基精氨酸（L－NNA）在青霉素诱发的培养海马CA1区神经元细胞兴奋过程中的抑制机制。用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察发现4000IU／ ml的青霉素可诱发一氧化氮（NO）的快速合成模式。L-NNA(0-10μmol/L）呈剂量依赖性抑制NO的合成和青霉素刺激15min后谷氨酸水平的二次升高。同时发现1μmol/L和10μmol/L剂量的L－NNA可显著抑制甲硫氨酸脑啡肽的水平,而10μmol/L剂量的L－NNA还显著升高强啡肽－B的水平。对L－NNA抑制谷氨酸水平二次升高效应,100μmol/L的甲硫氨酸脑啡肽受体抑制剂β－funaltrexamine(β-FNA）可显著协同,而100μmol/L的强啡肽－B受体抑制剂norbinaltorphimine(nor-BIN)则显著逆转。以上结果提示：L－NNA抑制4000IU／ml的青霉素诱导的NO合成,并进而通过抑制氨酸脑啡肽水平,升高强啡肽－B水平来抑制谷氨酸水平,调节神经元的兴奋性。     

产胞外青霉素酰化酶菌株的选育

以短小杆菌（B．pumilus）B－97为出发菌株,经过连续两次紫外线诱变处理,分离得一突变株B－U－29。其酶活力为4．56U／ml,较出发菌株酶活力提高113．3％。对B－U－29菌株进行连续两次亚硝酸处理,分离得一正变稳定株B—H－29,酶活力为4．93u／ml,较出发菌株酶活力提高了20％。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.