球茎甘薯花托及花柄切口直接出芽的研究

培养球茎甘蓝的带有花托、花柄和子房的外植体。在附加ＢＡ和ＧＡ３的培养基上,花托部位直接出芽;在附加不同浓度ＢＡ的培养基和附加ＢＡ和ＧＡ３的培养基上均诱导花柄切口直接出芽,在附加ＢＡ和ＮＡＡ的培养基上,花托花柄切口剧烈增生愈伤组织,组织细胞学观察了芽的发生过程,结果表明;花托芽是由靠近维管束的多个皮层薄壁细胞恢复分理解能力形成,并与母体建立维管联系;花柄切口出芽是由皮层几个相靠近的薄壁细胞恢复分裂能     

翅果油树茎段愈伤组织和芽发生的组织学研究

本文对翅果油树大宫灯型茎段培养在ＭＳ附加６－ＢＡ较高、ＮＡＡ较低浓度的培养基上培养０～３０ｄ的组织学变化进行了研究。创伤对其愈伤组织的形成有明显的刺激作用,培养３～４ｄ切口处的皮层细胞、形成层细胞、韧皮部薄壁细胞以及髓组织细胞,甚至表皮细胞均脱分化开始分裂;培养８～１１ｄ,切口明显膨大,起源于髓及维管组织周围薄壁细胞的愈伤组织突起大;培养１２～２０ｄ愈伤组织块中出现了分生组织和维管组织结节;培养２１～３０ｄ,愈伤组织表层和近表层细胞分化出芽原基,但与维管组织结节无直接联系。     

硝酸银与脱落酸相配合影响菜心离体培养之植株再生方式的组织学研究

菜心带子叶的子叶柄在培养基中是否添加ＡｇＮＯ３与ＡＢＡ可导致两种不同的植株再生方式：添加ＡｇＮＯ３与ＡＢＡ时由外植体直接出芽,而不加ＡｇＮＯ３与ＡＢＡ则植株再生经过愈伤组织阶段再分化成芽。培养１—３ｄ,子叶柄切口端之皮层及维管束的薄壁细胞开始启动,细胞迅速分裂而形成分生细胞团和少量愈伤组织。第４天,在不含ＡｇＮＯ３与ＡＢＡ的培养基上,分生细胞团则形成根原基进而发育成根;或者去分化形成愈伤组织。在这种条件下,只有少数芽原基可由培养１５ｄ后的愈伤组织再分化产生．在含ＡｇＮＯ３与ＡＢＡ的培养基上,分生细胞旺盛增殖而形成大量分生细胞团,并由这种分生细胞团直接形成大量的芽原基．１０ｄ左右即可产生为数众多的丛生不定芽．ＡｇＮＯ３与ＡＢＡ相配合抑制了不定根及愈伤组织的形成和生长,促进大量增生的分生细胞团直接分化为不定芽的芽原基．     

黄槐叶片培养过程中器官发生的研究

以黄槐（ＣａｓｓｉａｓｕｒａｔｔｅｎｓｉｓＢｕｒｍ．ｆ．）幼嫩叶片为材料,接种于ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ１ｐｐｍ＋２,４－Ｄ１ｐｐｍ＋６－ＢＡ２ｐｐｍ的培养基上,诱导形成两种形态的愈伤组织,即致密愈伤组织与雪花状愈伤组织．将愈伤组织转移到ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ：１ｐｐｍ＋６－ＢＡ２ｐｐｍ的分化培养基上．仅致密型愈伤组织经过球状体至不定芽途径形成大量再生植株。扫描电镜及组织细胞学观察表明,致密愈伤组织表层细胞排列紧密,有许多分生细胞团,而雪花状愈伤组织表层细胞薄壁化,分裂能力很低。球状体起源于致密愈伤组织表层的分生细胞团,其细胞有极强的分生能力,顶端可以分化发育成不定芽原基,最后形成不定芽并发育成小植株。球状体可以看成是具有形成不定芽能力的繁殖单位．     

翅果油树茎段愈伤组织和芽发生的组织的学研究

本文对翅果油树大宫灯型茎段培养在ＭＳ附加６－ＢＡ较高,ＮＡＡ较低浓度的培养基上培养０－３０ｄ的组织学变化进行了研究。创伤对其愈伤组织的形成有明显的刺激作用,培养３－４ｄ切口处的皮层细胞,形成层细胞,韧皮部薄壁细胞以及髓组织细胞,甚至表皮细胞均脱化分化开始分裂;     

无融合生殖油菜AMR—1花托离体培养的研究

报道了不同激素浓度对无融合生殖没菜花托器官分化效果的研究,结果显示：（１）以ＭＳ为基本培养基,以带有子房和花柄的花托为外植体离体培养,花托、花柄切口部位直接芽诱导的最佳激素配比为４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ,频率为５８．８２％,花托、花柄部位先形成愈伤组织,继而分化出丛生芽的最佳激素配比为５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ ６－ＢＡ＋０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ,频率为８４．００％;（２）腋芽增殖的最佳     

烟草叶组织培养中愈伤组织和芽形成的细胞学观察

用烟草叶组织切块,培养在附加2毫克/升 NAA 和0.5毫克/升 BA 的 MS 培养基上诱导愈伤组织形成,以及在加有2毫克/升 BA 的培养基上诱导形成芽,研究了愈伤组织和芽形成过程中的组织细胞学变化。培养3天后,叶肉细胞增大,核染色加深,细胞积累淀粉;在叶切口处的叶肉细胞,维管束上方的栅栏组织细胞以及维管薄壁细胞开始分裂。随后细胞分裂逐渐遍及整个培养材料,其中以切口处的细胞分裂最为活跃。在栅栏组织中,由于细胞多次横向分裂的结果,形成排列整齐的细胞。叶肉细胞中叶绿体也随之逐渐减少,以至消失。培养7天后,在叶组织中即形成大量的分生细胞团,这种分生组织起源于两类细胞,即叶肉细胞,以及维管组织中的韧皮部薄壁细胞和维管束鞘细胞。在加有 NAA 和 BA 的培养基上,活跃细胞分裂的结果即导致形成愈伤组织。而在附加 BA 的培养基上培养10天,即可见分生细胞团进一步分化形成大量芽原基。芽可以起源于表层的分生细胞团,也可由组织较深处的分生组织分化而成。在芽形成的过程中,细胞中积累的淀粉逐渐被利用而消失。     

金桔组织培养中愈伤组织和芽形成的组织细胞学观察

用金桔茎段为外植体,培养在附加1.0毫克/升BA和0.l毫克/升IBA的MS培养基上,诱导愈伤组织和芽形成。观察了愈伤组织和芽形成过程中的组织细胞学变化。培养一周后,在茎组织切口两端开始膨大,细胞增大和开始分裂。培养两周后,开始形成瘤状愈伤组织。在愈伤组织中有形成层状分生组织、维管组织结节和分生细胞团。培养四周后,表层的分生细胞团分化形成大量芽原基,同时愈伤组织深层也出现分生细胞团。带节茎段可从切口两端的愈伤组织分化形成芽,亦可从叶腋的潜伏芽直接形成芽。     

八角莲组织培养的器官发生途径研究

为探究小檗科植物八角莲组织培养的器官发生方式,该研究以八角莲离体叶片、叶柄在MS培养基上诱导产生的愈伤组织、不定芽、不定根为对象,用连续石蜡切片技术分析八角莲组织培养的器官发生途径。结果表明:八角莲愈伤组织形成的解剖学特征是靠近表皮的薄壁细胞经激素刺激恢复分裂能力,继续培养形成拟分生组织。拟分生组织可形成许多分化中心。通过对八角莲组织培养产生的不定芽细胞组织学观察发现芽原基起源于愈伤组织外侧的几层薄壁细胞,芽原基背离愈伤组织中央生长形成不定芽,故八角莲脱分化形成的芽起源方式为外起源。而八角莲的根原基起源于组织深处髓部薄壁细胞和部分维管形成层细胞,进而形成类似球形或楔形并朝韧皮部突起的根原基轮廓,根原基继续发育会突破表皮生成不定根,起源方式为内起源。八角莲离体再生途径为器官发生型,在组培苗生长过程中先诱导形成不定芽,再诱导形成不定根,在愈伤组织上形成维管组织将不定芽和不定根连接成完整植株。     

山茱英的组织培养与植株再生

目的：建立山茱萸的组织培养及植株再生体系。方法：分别以山茱萸的叶片、花柄和花托为材料,进行山茱萸不同外植体的离体培养研究,筛选最佳培养基组成。结果：适宜山茱萸叶片愈伤组织诱导的培养基组合为1／2MS,附加BA2．0mg/L、IBA0,5—1．0mg／L;适宜山茱萸花柄、花托愈伤组织诱导的培养基组合为1／2MS,附加BA1．0mg／L、2,4-D0．5mg／L;在1／2MS附加BA2．0mg／L、IBA0．05mg／L的培养基上,可诱导不定芽的产生;1／2MS附加IBA2．0mg／L的培养基有利于山茱萸试管苗生根。讨论：山茱萸的花托是进行组织培养的最适外植体,白色或翠绿色、结构致密的愈伤组织较易分化产生不定芽。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.