一种快速筛选酵母高表达菌株的新方法

为建立一种快速筛选酵母高表达菌株的方法,将生长在固体培养基上的新转化的表达菌落原位转移到醋酸纤维素薄膜上,再利用硝酸纤维素薄膜原位捕获醋酸纤维素薄膜上的蛋白,然后用免疫印迹的方法检测原位转印到硝酸纤维素膜上菌落分泌蛋白,根据免疫印迹的强弱进行高表达菌株的筛选。结果显示,经过菌落原位转印和免疫印迹显色,显色信号强的菌落表达量相对较高。因此,双膜法原位检测是一种快速、高效的筛选酵母高表达菌株的方法。     

应用原位双膜法快速筛选人Flt3配体甲醇酵母高表达转化子

原位双膜法是一种基于免疫原理的快速筛选高表达甲醇酵母转化子的方法,即首先将固体培养基上的菌落转印至醋酸纤维素薄膜上,再利用硝酸纤维素薄膜原位捕获穿过醋酸纤维素薄膜的菌落外泌蛋白,然后用免疫方法检测与硝酸纤维素薄膜结合的蛋白.利用此法筛选到人Flt3配体（hFL）的甲醇酵母高表达转化子,液体诱导表达量约20 mg/L.ELISA结果证明,原位双膜法所得的菌落染色强度与该菌落液体诱导表达水平正相关.蛋白质印迹结果显示,培养上清在25 ku处有明显杂交条带,而对照组杂交呈阴性,且表达量随诱导天数增加.原位双膜法是一种良好的筛选方法,可以快捷、准确地筛选高表达酵母转化子.     

马立克氏病病毒Md11株pp24基因的原核表达

通过PCR方法扩增MDV Md11株pp24基因的完整ORF,按正确的阅读框架将其克隆入原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1中,重组质粒转化BL21宿主菌后,经IPTG诱导表达.诱导菌体裂解物经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)后,用山羊抗GST抗体进行Western-blotting试验,结果确证了GST-pp24融合蛋白的表达.将表达产物从凝胶中回收,免疫4周龄小白鼠,3次免疫后,采血分离血清.所得抗GST-pp24多克隆抗血清分别与GA株、Md11株和CVI988株MDV感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)进行间接免疫荧光试验(IFA),结果表明大肠杆菌表达的pp24融合蛋白至少保留了部分天然pp24蛋白的抗原性.     

抗伏马菌素单链抗体与碱性磷酸酶的融合表达及活性鉴定

为原核表达抗伏马菌素单链抗体-碱性磷酸酶融合蛋白并分析其活性,本研究根据抗伏马菌素单链抗体H2的基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增获得目的基因,经限制性核酸内切酶SfiⅠ和Not Ⅰ的酶切位点克隆到pDAP2/S载体中,转化大肠杆菌(Eschrichia coli)菌株XL1-Blue并鉴定阳性转化子.IPTG诱导H2-AP融合蛋白基因的表达,利用Western blot检测其表达情况,AP显色反应和ELISA鉴定其活性.结果显示成功构建了 pDAP2/S-H2原核表达载体,融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中实现可溶性表达,并保留单链抗体和碱性磷酸酶的活性.因此,H2-AP融合蛋白通过原核表达后可用于发展伏马菌素的快速免疫检测方法.     

猪瘟病毒E2基因在Pichia pastoris中的表达及其免疫活性的初步研究

将猪瘟病毒的E2基因克隆入酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,酶切线性化后电穿孔导入Pichia pastoris进行整合,经G418筛选得到高拷贝转化子,甲醇诱导表达。SDS－PAGE和Western blit结果证实了酵母培养上清液中含有E2蛋白。免疫活性研究证明P.pastoris表达的E2蛋白能刺激动物产生抗猪瘟病毒的抗体。     

SARS-CoV核衣壳蛋白的表达与免疫研究

依据GenBank中SARS基因组序列,采用人工合成的方法合成编码SARS病毒N蛋白的全基因(1296bp)序列,再与设计的CTL特异性表位基因(195bp)重组后,克隆到pET-28a(+)质粒中,重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达.利用SARS患者恢复期阳性血清,鉴定表达蛋白.进一步纯化后免疫马,并用ELISA方法检测血清抗体效价.结果显示SDS-PAGE表明所表达的蛋白相对分子质量约为55000 Da,与预计大小相符;Westernblot显示表达的蛋白具有良好的抗原性和特异性.对表达蛋白形成的包涵体进行洗涤,得到的蛋白纯度可达到70.1%.切胶纯化免疫马后,获得的抗SARS抗体滴度达12560.为亚单位疫苗研制和精制抗SARS抗体免疫制剂提供基础.     

人copine Ⅴ蛋白多克隆抗体的制备

目的:制备兔抗人copine Ⅴ多克隆抗体.方法:将copineⅤ N端423 bp(626～1 048 bp)构建到原核表达载体pET28a( ),转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下进行蛋白表达;以镍柱纯化后的蛋白为抗原,与等体积佐剂混合后免疫家兔3次;用ELISA和Western印迹检测抗血清,用(NH4)2SO4沉淀法初步纯化抗体.结果:表达并纯化了copine Ⅴ N端蛋白,ELISA检测表明抗血清具有高亲和性,Western印迹检测表明抗体能特异性识别内源性和过表达的copine Ⅴ.结论:制备了具有高亲和性和特异性的抗人copine Ⅴ多克隆抗体.     

果蝇Hsp83多克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的制备和鉴定抗Hsp83蛋白的多克隆抗体。方法利用PCR技术从果蝇cDNA中获得hsp83基因片段,构建重组质粒;将其转化到BL21(DE3)菌株中诱导蛋白表达,利用Ni-NTA亲和法纯化重组蛋白;再将纯化的蛋白免疫BALB/C小鼠制备多克隆抗体;利用免疫印迹法(Western blot)和免疫荧光染色法检测多克隆抗体的特异性。结果构建的pET28ahsp83质粒在大肠杆菌中成功表达了Hsp83融合蛋白,蛋白纯化后作为抗原免疫小鼠,获得了抗Hsp83的多克隆抗体。免疫印迹法和免疫荧光染色法检测显示,抗果蝇Hsp83多克隆抗体具有较高的特异性,并能检测出内源性Hsp83蛋白。果蝇卵巢免疫荧光染色显示,Hsp83蛋白定位在卵巢细胞的细胞质中。结论成功制备了小鼠抗Hsp83蛋白的特异性抗体,此工作为深入研究Hsp83蛋白的功能奠定了基础。     

小鼠RMND5A的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

RMNDSA通过MAPK信号途径参与了对细胞生命活动的调控过程.通过PCR扩增RMND5A基因,并将其克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-1上,转化至大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中,再通过IPTG进行诱导表达GST-RMND5A融合蛋白.通过尿素洗涤包涵体并切胶回收纯化融合蛋白,免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体,Western blot检测抗体活性.结果说明,获得了RMND5A原核表达重组融合蛋白及高效价的特异性兔抗RMND5A多克隆抗体,为RMND5A进一步的功能研究奠定了基础.     

马立克氏病病毒Md11株pp24基因的原核表达

通过PCR方法扩增MDVMd11株pp24基因的完整ORF,按正确的阅读框架将其克隆入原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1中,重组质粒转化BL21宿主菌后,经IPTG诱导表达。诱导菌体裂解物经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)后,用山羊抗GST抗体进行Western-blotting试验,结果确证了GST-pp24融合蛋白的表达。将表达产物从凝胶中回收,免疫4周龄小白鼠,3次免疫后,采血分离血清。所得抗GST-pp24多克隆抗血清分别与GA株、Md11株和CVI988株MDV感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)进行间接免疫荧光试验(IFAA),结果表明大肠杆菌表达的pp24融合蛋白至少保留了部分天然pp24蛋白的抗原性。     

检测HSA—GLP-1融合蛋白双抗体夹心ELISA方法的建立

目的：为检测血清中HSA-GLP-1融合蛋白整体分子的浓度,建立一种特异、灵敏的定量检测食蟹猴体内HSA-GLP-1融合蛋白浓度的双抗体夹心ELISA的方法。方法：采用双抗体夹心ELISA方法,以GLP-1单克隆抗体为包被抗体、HSA-GLP-1融合蛋白为夹心抗原、anti-HSA-Biotin为检测抗体,用Streptavidin-HRP进行免疫放大,TMB显色。结果：建立了检测HSA-GLP-1融合蛋白的ELISA方法,其线性范围为15.6~1000 ng/mL,最低检测限为15.6 ng/mL,与GLP-1、HSA、IL2-HSA均无交叉反应,板内和板间精密度均小于15%,准确度为±15%,冻融稳定性和稀释稳定性良好。结论：建立的HSA-GLP-1蛋白检测方法符合新生物制品临床前药代动力学研究指导原则要求,可用于HSA-GLP-1融合蛋白在临床前药代动力学试验的定量检测。     

An amdS-lacZ fusion for studying gene regulation in Aspergillus

A translational fusion has been constructed between the amdS gene of Aspergillus nidulans and the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli. Sequencing across the fusion junction confirmed the generation of an in-frame fusion at amino acid 34 of amdS and a novel protein has been detected in transformants carrying the fusion plasmid. Transformants of A. nidulans and Aspergillus niger carrying the fusion plasmid were obtained by co-transformation with a second selectable plasmid. These transformants were readily identified on media containing XGal. The intensity of the reaction on XGal media was indicative of the number of copies of the fusion plasmid carried by the transformants. The growth of highly expressing strains of A. nidulans was inhibited on XGal media. The fusion plasmid was used to develop a two-step gene replacement strategy in which the resident amdS gene was replaced with the fusion gene free of vector sequences. Plate tests and in vitro assays of the beta-galactosidase enzyme confirmed that expression of the fusion gene was regulated by amdS flanking sequences and trans-acting regulatory genes.     

Recombinant polypeptide from the endonuclease region of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome retrovirus polymerase (pol) gene detects serum antibodies in most infected individuals.

Sera from the majority of individuals that were positive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) retrovirus (ARV), an isolate of the for antibodies to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated retrovirus (ARV), an isolate of the retrovirus identified as the etiologic agent of AIDS, were found to react with a 31,000-dalton protein (p31) in virus Western blot assays. To determine if this 31,000-dalton immunoreactive species originated from the putative endonuclease region of the polymerase (pol) gene of ARV, we cloned this portion of pol into bacterial expression vectors for direct expression and for expression as a fusion protein with human superoxide dismutase. Transformants from both constructions expressed immunoreactive protein detected in immunoblots with an AIDS patient's serum. Extracts from transformants expressing these sequences competed with the binding of antibodies from AIDS patients' sera to the 31,000-dalton protein in virus immunoblots, confirming that viral p31 originated from the endonuclease domain of the ARV polymerase gene. The superoxide dismutase-p31 fusion protein was purified, and an ELISA for detecting antibodies to p31 was developed. The majority (95%) of serum samples obtained from individuals seropositive in the virus ELISA were also positive in the p31 antibody ELISA.     

Enhancing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression in Pichia pastoris through fusion with human serum albumin

Protein fusion technology has emerged as one of the important strategies to increase the level of expression and half-life of therapeutic proteins in heterologous expression systems. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor and is clinically used against neutropenia. Enhanced expression and stability of G-CSF were achieved in Pichia pastoris by the way of constructing a fusion protein with human serum albumin (HSA). The strategy involved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of fragments corresponding to codon-optimized G-CSF and domain 3 of HSA. Overlapping PCR was used to obtain the full-length fused gene (1,184?bp) with a 15-bp linker sequence comprising of 4 Gly and 1 Ser residues. Extracellular expression was carried out downstream of α-factor secretion signal sequence under the control of alcohol oxidase 1 promoter using pPICZαB. Excreted protein in the range of 110–380?mg?L^?1 was observed among the transformants. Effect of aeration and temperature was investigated in one of the transformants (35) overexpressing fusion protein and levels of G-CSF enhanced by 1.8-fold and 2.3-fold, respectively. Assay of biological activity indicated the fusion protein to retain similar cell proliferation activity as the commercial G-CSF preparation.     

Expression, purification and characterization of recombinant human interleukin-2-serum albumin (rhIL-2-HSA) fusion protein in Pichia pastoris

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) plays important roles in variety of immune functions. Recombinant IL-2 has become an important therapeutic protein for therapy of melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Previously, it was proved that the therapeutic efficacy of rIL-2 expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was improved by prolonging its in vivo half-life through genetic fusion with albumin. In this study, a fusion protein composed of hIL-2 genetically fused to HSA was expressed as a secretory protein under AOX1 (alcohol oxidase 1) promoter in Pichia pastoris. An effective strategy was established to express rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein in 5L scale and the optimal purification procedure was investigated. The purity of rhIL-2-HSA in final product was about 95%. The purified rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein could be recognized by both anti-hIL-2 and anti-human serum albumin monoclonal antibody. Bioactivity analysis showed that the purified rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein displayed high level activity on proliferation in IL-2 dependent manner in CTLL2-cells. rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein also showed a extended half-life in plasma compared with IL-2 when tested in a BALB/c mouse model. This study provides an alternative strategy for large-scale production of bioactive rhIL-2-HSA fusion protein using P. pastoris as an expression host.     

Expression of trimeric CD40 ligand in Pichia pastoris: use of a rapid method to detect high-level expressing transformants

Pichia pastoris is a yeast capable of expressing large amounts of some proteins. When expression vectors are introduced into P. pastoris, individual transformants typically express widely varying amounts of protein. Because clones expressing the highest level of protein occur infrequently during the transformation process, finding them can be very labor-intensive. We developed an immunological based filter screening method that rapidly detects transformants secreting large amounts of a heterologous protein. We have applied this method to the expression of a soluble trimeric form of CD40L, a molecule that regulates B-cell responses. Using this method, we identified transformants with one to 13 copies of the CD40L expression cassette. Maximum expression was obtained with clones containing eight or more copies of the expression cassette, and a clone with eight copies was selected for further analysis. High cell density fermentation of this clone using a mixed glycerol:methanol feed yielded 255 mg CD40L per liter of supernatant.     

Searching for new cell wall protein genes in Arabidopsis

The objective of this study was to test an approach that combines bioinformatic and subcellular localization analysis to identify novel cell wall protein genes in Arabidopsis. Proteins with unknown function in the Arabidopsis genome were first identified and scanned for the presence of N-terminal signal peptides. The signal peptide-containing function-unknown proteins were further analyzed to eliminate the ones containing other sequences, such as endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole retention signals, that may prevent a protein from secretion into cell walls. The top ten genes passing the bioinformatic analysis were selected for protein subcellular localization using green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a reporter. A vector was constructed for high throughput gene-GFP fusion protein generation and overexpression in Arabidopsis for gene function analysis. Transformants of six genes showed reasonable expression of GFP fusion protein. However, none of the transformants showed GFP localization in cell walls. The low rate of new cell wall protein discovery suggests that the number of unidentified cell wall proteins in the Arabidopsis genome may be small.     

利用BglBrick方法进行HSA/Exendin-4长效融合蛋白的快速组装

目的：通过合成生物学的BglBrick方法快速构建不同种类HSA/ Exendin-4长效融合蛋白,为进行各HSA/Exendin-4融合蛋白生物学活性的筛选比较奠定基础。方法：选用酵母表达载体pPICZαA质粒,构建pPICZαA-E4和pPICZαA-HSA两种基础Brick表达载体,运用BglBrick方法,实现了不同数目Exendin-4分子在HSA的不同末端的快速组装。将构建出的10种HSA/Exendin-4融合蛋白,转入毕赤酵母菌KM71H中,用甲醇诱导目的蛋白的表达。结果：用BglBrick方法构建的HSA/Exendin-4融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中都成功诱导表达出相应的目的蛋白。结论：利用BglBrick方法能够实现HSA长效融合蛋白的快速组装。     

A novel strategy for converting recombinant viral protein into high immunogenic antigen.

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a lymphokine promoting immune response and therefore has been investigated as an immunological adjuvant. In order to enhance the immunogenicity of recombinant viral protein, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD), we genetically created a fusion protein consisting of gD and human IL-2. The fusion protein, without any other adjuvants, induced high antibody responses and cell-mediated immunity to HSV-1 in mice. Mice immunized with the fusion protein were protected against HSV-1 infection. The results indicate that IL-2-fusing can provide a means for converting a weak immunogenic protein into a high immunogenic antigen, and the strategy would be widely applicable to the other antigens for pathogens.     

Development of an internally controlled antibody microarray

Antibody microarrays are a high throughput technology used to concurrently screen for protein expression. Most antibody arrays currently used are based on the ELISA sandwich approach that uses two antibodies to screen for the expression of a limited number of proteins. Also because antigen-antibody interactions are concentration-dependent, antibody microarrays need to normalize the amount of antibody that is used. In response to the limitations with the currently existing technology we have developed a single antibody-based microarray where the quantity of antibody spotted is used to standardize the antigen concentration. In addition, this new array utilizes an internally controlled system where one color represents the amount of antibody spotted, and the other color represents the amount of the antigen that is used to quantify the level of protein expression. When compared with median fluorescence intensity alone, normalization for antibody spot intensity decreased variability and lowered the limits of detection. This new antibody array was tested using standard cytokine proteins and also cell lysates obtained from mouse macrophages stimulated in vitro and evaluated for the expression of the cytokine proteins interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, and macrophage inflammatory proteins 1alpha and 1beta. The levels of protein expression seen with the antibody microarray was compared with that obtained with Western blot analysis, and the magnitude of protein expression observed was similar with both technologies with the antibody array actually showing a greater degree of sensitivity. In summary, we have developed a new type of antibody microarray to screen for protein expression that utilizes a single antibody and controls for the amount of antibody spotted. This type of array appears at least as sensitive as Western blot analysis, and the technology can be scaled up for high throughput screening for hundreds of proteins in complex biofluids such as blood.