胃癌患者化疗前后口腔菌群与肠道菌群变化特征

目的研究胃癌患者化疗前后口腔菌群与肠道菌群的变化特征,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法选取2017年2月至2020年2月于我院接受治疗的96例胃癌患者为观察组,另外选取同期我院健康体检者90例为对照组,收集两组对象唾液样本和粪便样本,其中观察组患者需收集化疗前及化疗后两个时间点的样本。采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序法检测菌群构成,分析两组对象组间及观察组患者化疗前后口腔菌群与肠道菌群变化特征。结果化疗前,观察组患者唾液样本、粪便样本菌群Simpson指数、Shannon指数、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门丰富度与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。化疗前,观察组患者唾液样本及粪便样本中放线菌门丰富度显著高于对照组,变形菌门丰富度显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。化疗后,观察组患者唾液样本中厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门丰富度较化疗前显著下降,拟杆菌门丰富度显著上升(均P<0.05);同时粪便样本中厚壁菌门、变形菌门丰富度较化疗前显著上升,拟杆菌门、放线菌门丰富度显著下降(均P<0.05)。化疗后,观察组患者唾液样本中韦荣球菌属、罗氏菌属、普氏菌属丰富度较化疗前显著增加,放线菌属、链球菌属、奈瑟菌属、粪梭杆菌属丰度显著下降(均P<0.05);同时粪便样本中链球菌属、肠志贺菌属、乳杆菌属丰富度较化疗前显著增加,粪梭杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、拟杆菌属丰富度显著下降(均P<0.05)。结论化疗对胃癌患者口腔菌群及肠道菌群构成有一定程度影响,患者口腔菌群中韦荣球菌属丰度上升,而肠道中正常菌群的生长受抑制。     

基于高通量测序分析健康人 咀嚼槟榔前后口腔菌群多样性

目的为揭示健康人咀嚼槟榔前后的菌群结构及其多样性,分析咀嚼槟榔前、咀嚼5 min后和咀嚼30min后口腔内菌群结构变化以及多样性特征。方法通过收集8个人咀嚼槟榔前后唾液,用宏基因组DNA进行高通量测序。结果咀嚼槟榔5min后,链球菌属(Streptococcus)、普雷沃菌_7属(Prevotella_7)、韦荣球菌属(Veillonella)、纤毛菌属(Leptotrichia)、嗜血杆菌属(Haemophilus)、拟普雷沃菌属(Alloprevotella)、普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)、卟啉单胞菌属(Porphyromonas)、梅毒螺旋体_2(Treponema_2)、普雷沃菌_6属(Prevotella_6)和兼性双球菌属(Gemella)较咀嚼前相对丰度明显下降,分别下降了16.57%、12.94%、9.38%、23.08%、54.55%、52.63%、30.00%、42.86%、30.00%、16.67%和42.86%,纤毛菌属(Leptotrichia)降幅最大。而咀嚼30min后,纤毛菌属(Leptotrichia)、嗜血杆菌属(Haemophilus)、拟普雷沃菌属(Alloprevotella)、卟啉单胞菌属(Porphyromonas)、梅毒螺旋体_2(Treponema_2)和罗思菌属(Rothia)的相对丰度较咀嚼5 min后均增大。结论链球菌属(Streptococcus)、韦荣球菌属(Veillonella)作为主要变化的菌属,在咀嚼槟榔的过程中,对口腔产生一定的作用,可能是口腔龋齿等牙周疾病的直接或间接影响因子。     

不同程度口源性口臭患者口腔菌群分析CSCD

目的收集不同程度口源性口臭(IOH)患者和健康者的唾液、舌苔、颊黏膜和颚黏膜菌群样本,探讨其口腔菌群组成差异。方法随机选取于2017年6月至2022年6月以口臭为主诉就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院门诊的7例IOH患者和于健康管理中心体检的3例健康者,按照口气值分为轻度IOH组(H1组)、中度IOH组(H2组)和口气正常组(C组)。采集3组人群唾液、舌苔、颊黏膜和颚黏膜菌群样本。采用16S rDNA测序对微生物群进行分类比较、多样性分析和组间物种差异分析。结果仅IOH患者唾液菌群多样性明显高于健康者,且H2组高于H1组(P<0.05)。Adonis分析显示,唾液和舌苔菌群组间差异显著(P<0.05),而颊黏膜和颚黏膜菌群组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。属水平上,H1组唾液和舌苔中梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)相对丰度相比其他两组最高。LEfSe分析显示,H2组唾液中嗜血杆菌属(Haemophilus)和AF12,舌苔中奇异菌属(Atopobium)和巨球型菌属(Megasphaera)为主要优势菌。结论口腔菌群多样性增高可能是口臭加重的早期改变;唾液和舌苔菌群结构变化可能与IOH程度相关;梭杆菌属、嗜血杆菌属、AF12、奇异菌属和巨球型菌属可能是IOH加重的标志菌属。     

强直性脊柱炎患者咽部菌群变化

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎患者的咽部菌群变化。方法筛选入组7例强直性脊柱炎患者和7例健康者咽拭子样本,提取咽部DNA,扩增16SrRNA基因,在Illumina平台测序,对测序结果进行生物信息学分析。结果从ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数综合来看强直性脊柱炎患者的咽部菌群Alpha多样性差异不大。Beta多样性分析显示两组研究对象咽部菌群样本可被区分。强直性脊柱炎患者咽部菌群组成和含量发生显著改变,主要变化包括:拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)显著降低。拟杆菌门中普雷沃杆菌属(Prevotella)相关的纲目科属水平都显著降低。放线菌门变化落实到属水平,放线菌属(Actinomyces)显著降低,丙酸杆菌属(Propionibacterium)和棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)显著增高。厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)中,芽胞杆菌纲(Bacilli)所属的与链球菌属(Streptococcus)相关的纲目科属水平显著增加,而梭状芽胞杆菌纲(Clostridia)包含的韦荣球菌属(Veillonella)、消化球菌属(Peptococcus)显著下降。此外,变形菌门中出现弧菌属(Vibrio)的增加和弯曲菌属(Campylobacter)的降低等变化。结论强直性脊柱炎患者(本次研究样本)的咽部菌群出现紊乱,以普雷沃杆菌属、放线菌属、韦荣球菌属、消化球菌属和弯曲菌属等显著降低,丙酸杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、链球菌属和弧菌属等显著增加为主要特征。     

不同脑卒中风险中老年人群肠道菌群的差异

目的研究不同脑卒中风险中老年人群肠道菌群的差异,为后续研究提供参考。方法选取2017年2月至2019年2月来我院接受检查的中老年脑卒中风险者126例,根据不同卒中风险程度分为低危组(48例)、中危组(45例)、高危组(33例);同时进行认知功能筛查,选出轻度认知功能障碍患者35例为轻度障碍组,剩余91例认知功能正常者设为照组。采集所有受试者粪便并提取细菌DNA,分析肠道菌群构成情况;同时比较不同卒中风险者肠道短链脂肪酸水平并分析肠道菌群与认知功能的关系。结果低危组患者肠道菌群主要由瘤胃球菌科、柔嫩梭菌属、毛螺旋菌科、罗氏菌属及丁酸弧菌属构成。中危组患者肠道菌群主要由韦荣球菌科、埃希菌属及乳杆菌科构成。高危组患者肠道菌群主要由韦荣球菌科、肠杆菌科构成。低危组患者肠道瘤胃球菌科、毛螺旋菌科、普雷沃菌科丰富度显著高于中危组,肠杆菌科、韦荣球菌科、梭菌属及链球菌科丰富度显著低于中危组及高危组(均P0.05)。低危组患者肠道丁酸水平显著高于中危组和高危组(均P0.05)。轻度认知功能障碍患者肠道氨基酸球菌科、肠杆菌科、梭杆菌科丰富度显著高于对照组,而乳杆菌科、瘤胃菌科、毛螺菌科及普雷沃菌科丰富度显著低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论不同脑卒中风险及不同认知功能障碍中老年人肠道菌群存在显著差异。     

干燥综合征患者肠道微生物菌落的分析

目的通过检测干燥综合征(Sj9gren′s syndrome,SS)患者粪便标本的微生物种群分布及外周血Treg细胞绝对计数,分析SS患者肠道菌群变化状态及其与Treg细胞的相关性,为临床诊疗提供新思路。方法通过采用Illumina HiSeq 2500高通量测序平台对29例干燥综合征患者粪便标本中的16S rRNA V3区进行定性分析,与83例健康人粪便标本中菌群的多样性与丰富度统计数据进行比较,分析SS患者中差异性菌群丰富度及其与Treg细胞绝对计数的关系。结果两组研究对象性别、年龄比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与健康人对比,SS患者粪便菌群中细菌多样性低于健康对照组(P0.05),肠道菌群丰富度在门(Phylum)水平上厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)细菌数量较正常对照组减少(P0.05),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)较健康对照组明显增加(均P0.05)。在科(Family)水平上链球菌科(Streptococcaceae)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriales)和乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)细菌数量较正常对照组明显升高(均P0.05),普雷沃菌科(Prevotellaceae)和Paraprevotellaceae较对照组明显减少(均P0.05)。在属(Genus)水平上Blautia、颤螺旋菌属(Oscillospira)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)和韦荣球菌属(Veillonella)细菌数量较正常对照组明显升高(均P0.05),而Roseburia、粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)和普氏菌属(Prevotella)较正常对照组明显减少(均P0.05)。其中,SS患者粪便中韦荣球菌属的百分比与其外周血Treg细胞绝对计数呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论 SS患者肠道微生态环境中细菌群落的多样性和均衡性与正常人群存在明显差异,且韦荣球菌属水平的升高与外周血Treg细胞绝对计数呈显著负相关,肠道菌群紊乱或许参与了SS的发病过程。     

WHBE兔与日本大耳白兔腹泻型肠易激综合征模型的肠道菌群研究

目的比较分析WHBE兔和日本大耳白(Japanese white rabbit,JW)兔腹泻型肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)模型肠道菌群的差异性。方法 WHBE兔和JW兔各16只,按品系随机分为两组,即正常对照(NC)组和IBS模型组,每组8只。采用湿热应激复合番泻叶方法建立腹泻型IBS兔模型,观察实验兔的腹围指数、粪便含水量、结肠转运功能,处死后分别取结肠组织和结肠内容物进行病理组织学观察和肠道菌群多样性分析。结果与NC组比,IBS模型兔均出现腹围指数和粪便含水量增加,结肠转运时间缩短,但结肠组织未见病理性改变;同时IBS模型兔Shannon指数和Chao1指数均显著下降(P0.05)。根据OTU分类分析的结果,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门为兔肠道菌群的绝对优势菌群。与NC组比较,WHBE兔IBS模型组厚壁菌门、疣微菌门、绿弯菌门、Akk菌属、链球菌属均明显下降(P0.05,P0.01),拟杆菌门和rc4-4菌属丰度显著上升(P0.05,P0.01);而JW兔IBS模型组优杆菌属和罕见小球菌属均显著上升(P0.05),乳酸杆菌属、粪杆菌属、韦荣球菌属和链球菌属均显著下降(P0.05)。与JW兔NC组比,WHBE兔NC组厚壁菌门、Odoribacter菌属、韦荣球菌属、链球菌属、颤螺旋菌属、Pseudoflavonifractor菌属较低(P0.05,P0.01),拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、优杆菌属、粪杆菌属、Akk菌属较高(P0.05,P0.01)。与JW兔IBS模型组比,WHBE兔IBS模型rc4-4菌属、粪杆菌属、梭菌属的丰度较高(P0.05,P0.01),而厚壁菌门、多尔氏菌属、粪球菌属和罕见小球菌属的丰度则较低(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 IBS模型兔存在肠道菌群失调,导致菌群多样性降低;WHBE兔和JW兔IBS模型肠道菌群变化均具有其自身的特点,且具有明显的差异性。     

胃溃疡患者三联疗法治疗前后舌苔菌群的变化

目的观察并分析胃溃疡患者三联疗法治疗前后舌苔菌群的变化,为后续研究提供参考。方法选择2018年1月至2018年12月我院收治的20例GU活动期患者为研究对象,分为GU治疗前组(20例,GU1组,均为黄腻苔)和GU治疗后组(20例,GU2组,均为薄白苔)。选择同期我院体检无异常的健康者20例为正常组(NGT组,均为薄白苔)。运用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对比分析3组对象舌苔菌群结构及菌属差异。结果与GU1组相比,GU2组与正常组的舌苔相似菌群更多。与GU2组相比,GU1组和正常组舌苔菌群在属水平的各物种丰度较多,同时GU1组与正常组在属水平的各物种群落构成更为相似。BetaNMDS差异分析显示与GU2组相比,GU1组舌苔菌群与正常组的群落构成差异更小,GU1组的各物种群落构成更接近于正常组。在属水平中,与GU2组和正常组相比,GU1组Gammaproteobacteria的丰度明显偏低,而Prevotellaceae、Prevotella-7、Fretibacterium丰度明显偏高(均P0.05)。结论 GU患者经过三联疗法治疗后舌苔菌群构成更接近健康人,但各物种丰富度明显降低,个别菌属生长受到抑制,其可能为不利于GU患者恢复的菌群,但Gammaproteobacteria的生长受到促进,其可能为有利于GU患者恢复的有益菌群。     

幽门螺杆菌感染对舌苔菌群的影响

目的 探讨慢性萎缩性胃炎患者和慢性浅表性胃炎患者胃内幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染与舌苔菌群的关系.方法 根据61名患者内镜、病理和H.pylori检测结果,将其分成慢性萎缩性胃炎H.pylori阳性组(12名)、慢性萎缩性胃炎H.pylori阴性组(16名)、慢性浅表性胃炎...     

唾液菌群特征分析对儿童龋齿复发的预测价值

目的探究唾液菌群特征对儿童龋齿复发的预测价值。方法收集2017年1月至2018年1月在中铁十七局集团有限公司中心医院诊断及治疗的龋齿患儿94例,在进行龋齿治疗后第4周搜集唾液样本,并根据12个月后的龋齿发生情况分为复发组及未复发组,对比两组微生物检测结果,并使用ROC曲线评估微生物指标对龋齿复发的预测效能。结果本研究随访结束时,龋齿复发23例(25.84%)。龋齿复发与未复发组的唾液微生物组成存在显著差异:复发组的变形链球菌(Streptococcus mutans)、内氏放线菌(Actinomyces naeslundii)、普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、二氧化碳噬纤维菌属(Capnocytophaga)、普雷沃氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)、放线菌属(Actinobacillus)的相对丰度显著高于未复发组(均P<0.05),未复发组在纤毛杆菌属(Leptotrichia)、奈瑟氏菌属(Neisseria)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)的相对丰度显著高于复发组(均P<0.05)。纤毛杆菌属、内氏放线菌、普雷沃氏菌属、变形链球菌载量预测龋齿复发的AUC值分别为0.753、0.715、0.680、0.940,其中变形链球菌的AUC值显著高于其他三种菌属(均P<0.05)。结论分析唾液菌群对儿童龋齿的复发具有一定的预测价值,其中变形链球菌的预测效能较好。     

急性胰腺炎患者舌苔微生物研究

目的观察急性胰腺炎（ＡＰ）患者舌苔微生物的变化,总结不同舌象、不同病情的ＡＰ患者舌苔微生物变化规律。方法将纳入的５２例ＡＰ患者按分级标准分为轻症（ＭＡＰ）组（ｎ＝３３）,重症（ＳＡＰ）组（ｎ＝１９）,分别于治疗前、第３天及第９天清晨观察并采集舌苔,作细菌培养、鉴定、定量,测溶菌酶（ＬＺＭ）含量。２５例健康薄白苔作为对照组。结果ＡＰ患者舌苔菌落总数减少。厚苔菌落总数及Ｇ－厌氧杆菌多于薄苔,口腔优势菌在厚苔变化表现为厌氧菌检出率增高而需氧菌下降。ＳＡＰ组肠道杆菌的检出率显著增加;病程早期除口腔链球菌、Ｇ＋厌氧杆菌减少外,ＳＡＰ组Ｇ－厌氧杆菌也减少;病程第９天时,ＭＡＰ组基本恢复正常,而ＳＡＰ组各种异常无改变。ＡＰ患者舌苔ＬＺＭ均显著升高。结论ＡＰ病程中口腔舌面出现微生态失调现象,严重程度与病情及舌苔的变化有关。ＡＰ厚苔菌落总数多于薄苔,主要为Ｇ－厌氧杆菌增加。厚苔厌氧菌增加,而需氧菌减少。     

Coaggregation properties of human oral Veillonella spp.: relationship to colonization site and oral ecology.

The primary habitats of oral veillonellae are the tongue, dental plaque, and the buccal mucosa. Isolates were obtained from each habitat and tested for coaggregation with a battery of other oral bacterial strains. All 59 tongue isolates tested for coaggregation were Veillonella atypica or Veillonella dispar. All but one of them coaggregated with strains of Streptococcus salivarius, a predominant inhabitant of the tongue surface but not subgingival dental plaque. These tongue isolates were unable to coaggregate with most normal members of the subgingival flora such as Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces israelii, and Streptococcus sanguis. In contrast, 24 of 29 Veillonella isolates, of which 20 were Veillonella parvula from subgingival dental plaque samples, coaggregated strongly with the three species of Actinomyces, S. sanguis, and other bacteria usually present in subgingival plaque, but they did not coaggregate with S. salivarius. The majority of isolates from the buccal mucosa (42 of 55) has coaggregation properties like those from the tongue. These results indicate that the three human oral Veillonella species are distributed on oral surfaces that are also occupied by their coaggregation partners and thus provide strong evidence that coaggregation plays a critical role in the bacterial ecology of the oral cavity.     

Coaggregation properties of human oral Veillonella spp.: relationship to colonization site and oral ecology

The primary habitats of oral veillonellae are the tongue, dental plaque, and the buccal mucosa. Isolates were obtained from each habitat and tested for coaggregation with a battery of other oral bacterial strains. All 59 tongue isolates tested for coaggregation were Veillonella atypica or Veillonella dispar. All but one of them coaggregated with strains of Streptococcus salivarius, a predominant inhabitant of the tongue surface but not subgingival dental plaque. These tongue isolates were unable to coaggregate with most normal members of the subgingival flora such as Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces israelii, and Streptococcus sanguis. In contrast, 24 of 29 Veillonella isolates, of which 20 were Veillonella parvula from subgingival dental plaque samples, coaggregated strongly with the three species of Actinomyces, S. sanguis, and other bacteria usually present in subgingival plaque, but they did not coaggregate with S. salivarius. The majority of isolates from the buccal mucosa (42 of 55) has coaggregation properties like those from the tongue. These results indicate that the three human oral Veillonella species are distributed on oral surfaces that are also occupied by their coaggregation partners and thus provide strong evidence that coaggregation plays a critical role in the bacterial ecology of the oral cavity.     

Anaerobic bacteria cultured from the tongue dorsum of subjects with oral malodor

The bacteria on the dorsum of the tongue are the most frequent cause of oral malodor; however, the bacterial flora of the tongue has not been well defined. Although recent studies have used DNA probes to detect the presence of certain periodontal pathogens, cultural studies have been limited because of the complexity of the flora of the tongue dorsum. The purpose of this study was to grow and to identify maximum numbers of capnophylic Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic micro-organisms by culturing tongue samples on to several selective and non-selective media. The most frequently isolated species included Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Collinsella aerofaciens, Eubacterium group, Actinomyces spp., Eikenella corrodens, Veillonella spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, pigmented Prevotella spp. and Selenomonas spp. Reported for the first time are Actinomyces turicensis, Collinsella aerofaciens, Eubacterium saburreum, E. timidum, Prevotella tannerae, Campylobacter concisus, Campylobacter mucosalis, Leptotrichia buccalis, Selenomonas flueggei, and Centipeda periodontii. Species not previously reported in studies that used only molecular techniques were identified in the present study.     

Possible variation of the human oral bacterial community after wearing removable partial dentures by DGGE

Although it is well-known that variations of the microbial community in a specific location of human body may be associated with some diseases, the developing change of the oral microbiota related to oral diseases before and after wearing the removable partial dentures (RPD) is not completely understood. In this study, three kinds of samples (saliva, supra- and subgingival plaque, and oral mucosal surfaces) were collected from the 10-patients group at three different times: before, 1-month and 6-months after the treatment. Ten healthy adults were also selected as the control group. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was applied to identify the bacterial profiles and to analyze the dynamics of the oral microbial population in the pre- and post-therapy. The ANOVA of Repeated Measurement Data indicated that, in the saliva and mucosal surfaces, wearing RPDs caused significant change of numbers of amplicons. As many as 607 amplicons were chosen to cut out and re-amplify by PCR. After cloning and sequencing, a total of 16 bacterial genera were identified. The health-associated genera such as Streptococcus, Neisseria, Rothia, Corynebacterium, Leptotrichia, Gemella, Veillonella, Selenomona and Actinomyces tended to decrease, whereas the disease-associated species including Streptococcus mutans tended to increase. In general, wearing RPDs influenced the diversity of the bacterial species in the oral microbial ecosystem. It is noteworthy that the oral environment will be changed from the healthy status towards the disease status after the treatment.     

胃复春和瑞巴派特联合治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎临床疗效观察

目的:观察胃复春和瑞巴派特联合治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)的临床疗效,以探索更好的治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床方法。方法:选择经胃镜检查符合慢性萎缩性胃炎患者150例,随机分为瑞巴派特组、胃复春组和联合治疗组各50例,联合治疗组给予胃复春和瑞巴派特,疗程均为l2周,观察治疗前后症状变化,并复查胃镜及活检进行组织病理学改善的评估。并考察联合治疗组治疗前后血液流变学变化。结果:组织病理学改善方面联合治疗组总有效率为92%,明显优于各组总有效率;症状改善方面联合治疗组优于瑞巴派特组和胃复春组,联合治疗组治疗前后血液流变学变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:联合应用胃复春和瑞巴派特可有效提高慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效。     

Effects of lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase‐containing food on the oral microbiota of older individuals

The oral microbiota influences health and disease states. Some gram‐negative anaerobic bacteria play important roles in tissue destruction associated with periodontal disease. Lactoferrin (LF) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) are antimicrobial proteins found in saliva; however, their influence on the whole oral microbiota currently remains unknown. In this randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study, the effects of long‐term ingestion of LF and LPO‐containing tablets on the microbiota of supragingival plaque and tongue coating were assessed. Forty‐six older individuals ingested placebo or test tablets after every meal for 8 weeks. The relative abundance of bacterial species was assessed by 16S rRNA gene high‐throughput sequencing. Most of the bacterial species in supragingival plaque and tongue coating that exhibited significant decreases in the test group were gram‐negative bacteria, including periodontal pathogens. Decreases in the total relative abundance of gram‐negative organisms in supragingival plaque and tongue coating correlated with improvements in assessed variables related to oral health, such as oral malodor and plaque accumulation. Furthermore, there was significantly less microbiota diversity in supragingival plaque at 8 weeks in the test group than in the placebo group and low microbiota diversity correlated with improvements in assessed variables related to oral health. These results suggest that LF and LPO‐containing tablets promote a shift from a highly diverse and gram‐negative‐dominated to a gram‐positive‐dominated community in the microbiota of supragingival plaque and tongue coating. This microbial shift may contribute to improvements in oral health, including oral malodor and state of the gingiva.

     

Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle in chronic gastritis.

Flow cytometric cell cycle analysis was recorded in gastric biopsy specimens from patients with normal gastric mucosa (GM), superficial gastritis (SG) and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Cell-cycle analysis showed significantly higher percentages of cells in S- and S+G2/M-phase in CAG than in SG and normal GM (P < 0.0001). Moreover, CAG with severe or moderate atrophy showed significantly higher percentages of cells in S-phase (P < 0.05) and S+G2/M-phase (P < 0.02) than CAG with mild atrophy in antrum. In fundus, even if this increase was observed, it did not reach statistical significance. Consideration of concomitant pathologic findings such as oesophagite, gastric or duodenal ulcer, duodenite or benign polyp allowed a better differentiation of CAG both in antrum and in fundus. Significantly higher S-phase was observed in CAG with severe or moderate atrophy than in CAG with mild atrophy (P < 0.05). No statistically significant results were observed in patients with normal gastric mucosa or chronic gastritis and a concomitant pathologic finding.     

Enteral tube feeding alters the oral indigenous microbiota in elderly adults

Enteral tube feeding is widely used to maintain nutrition for elderly adults with eating difficulties, but its long-term use alters the environment of the oral ecosystem. This study characterized the tongue microbiota of tube-fed elderly adults by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene. The terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiles of 44 tube-fed subjects were compared with those of 54 subjects fed orally (average age, 86.4 ± 6.9 years). Bar-coded pyrosequencing data were also obtained for a subset of the subjects from each group (15 tube-fed subjects and 16 subjects fed orally). The T-RFLP profiles demonstrated that the microbiota of the tube-fed subjects was distinct from that of the subjects fed orally (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [perMANOVA], P < 0.001). The pyrosequencing data revealed that 22 bacterial genera, including Corynebacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Fusobacterium, were significantly more predominant in tube-fed subjects, whereas the dominant genera in the subjects fed orally, such as Streptococcus and Veillonella, were present in much lower proportions. Opportunistic pathogens rarely detected in the normal oral microbiota, such as Corynebacterium striatum and Streptococcus agalactiae, were often found in high proportions in tube-fed subjects. The oral indigenous microbiota is disrupted by the use of enteral feeding, allowing health-threatening bacteria to thrive.