共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 108 毫秒
1.
在温度2528℃、相对湿度70%28℃、相对湿度70%75%和光照周期L∶D=14∶10条件下进行了人工大量饲养橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)和瓜实蝇B.cucurbitae(Coquillett)成虫人工饲料配方的筛选试验。结果显示,1∶2重量比例混合的蔗糖和啤酒酵母是饲养这2种果实蝇的最佳成虫人工饲料,用其饲养的单雌产卵量、产卵期和孵化率分别为424.1675%和光照周期L∶D=14∶10条件下进行了人工大量饲养橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)和瓜实蝇B.cucurbitae(Coquillett)成虫人工饲料配方的筛选试验。结果显示,1∶2重量比例混合的蔗糖和啤酒酵母是饲养这2种果实蝇的最佳成虫人工饲料,用其饲养的单雌产卵量、产卵期和孵化率分别为424.16445.75粒,30.90445.75粒,30.9031.87 d,74.60%31.87 d,74.60%75.40%。同时,对18种由不同配方配制成的幼虫人工饲料饲养橘小实蝇、瓜实蝇和南亚果实蝇B.tau(Walker)的效果进行了比较。结果表明,玉米和麦麸作为饲料的介质优于麦片和麦麸。橘小实蝇幼虫人工饲料的优化配方为:玉米+麦麸(125 g+25 g),蔗糖25 g,啤酒酵母25 g,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.9 g,1 mol/L盐酸4 mL,纸巾4 g,自来水300 mL;用其幼虫人工饲料饲养该虫的生物学参数包括子代孵化率、化蛹率、羽化率和平均蛹重分别为81.17%±0.05%,96.41%±0.02%,94.85%±0.01%与(19.40±0.08)mg。而瓜实蝇和南亚果实蝇幼虫人工饲料的优化配方为:玉米+麦麸(100 g+50 g),蔗糖30 g,啤酒酵母25 g,以及一定量的其他组分(同上);用其饲料饲养这2种果实蝇的相关参数:子代孵化率、化蛹率、羽化率和平均蛹重分别为78.50%±0.04%与76.96%±0.12%,95.73%±0.03%与94.69%±0.02%,94.57%±0.02%与95.82%±0.03%,(18.62±0.23)mg与(22.83±1.38)mg。试验证实,优化后的成、幼虫人工饲料具有饲养效果好、方法简便,配方材料来源广泛和价格低廉等优点,可用于室内人工大量饲养上述3种果实蝇属害虫。 相似文献
2.
李星星;闫振华;刘娜;陈思蓉;陈国华;陶玫;张金龙;张晓明 《生态学杂志》2024,(7):2175-2181
探明瓜实蝇(Zeugodacus cucurbitae)和南亚实蝇(Z.tau)在南瓜上的幼虫取食阶段的种间竞争,可以为田间两种实蝇的种群动态、发展演替提供参考。在实验室条件下,选用南瓜为寄主,接种不同密度的瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇,测定蛹历期等生长发育参数,并进行各参数间的相关性分析。结果表明:瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇的种间竞争导致的密度效应具有相似性,主要表现为随着种群密度的上升,两种实蝇蛹历期延长、蛹重下降和羽化率降低;在各60头·10 g-1饲料时瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇的蛹历期分别从7.83 d和8.01 d延长至9.14 d和9.31 d,而羽化率则分别从67.50%和19.91%降低至8.33%和5.40%;瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇各自的生长参数间存在相关性:蛹历期和其余生长参数呈负相关,蛹重、羽化率、性比3种生长参数间均为正相关。随着竞争强度的升高,两种实蝇的性比均下降。南亚实蝇的性比与蛹重呈显著正相关,而瓜实蝇的性比与蛹重无显著相关性。瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇在南瓜上同时发生时,瓜实蝇的抗拥挤能力更强,在种间竞争中更占优势。 相似文献
3.
4.
【背景】南亚果实蝇是世界性的检疫性害虫,在我国多个省市发生为害,对瓜果作物造成了严重的经济损失。【方法】采用人工恒温饲养方法,分别设置10、14、18、22、26、30、34℃7个恒温条件,测定不同温度条件下南亚果实蝇卵、幼虫和蛹的生长发育历期,并推算出相应的发育起点温度和有效积温。【结果】南亚果实蝇卵、幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为7.36、2.43、7.64℃,卵期、幼虫期和蛹期的有效积温分别为20.21、187.69和156.65日度。完成整个世代的发育起点温度是7.64℃,有效积温为364.55日度。当温度达到34℃时,卵的发育历期相对延长,而蛹则不能正常发育,无法羽化为成虫。【结论与意义】在10~30℃,南亚果实蝇的卵、幼虫和蛹的发育历期随温度升高而缩短,各虫态的发育速率和温度呈显著正相关;在26和30℃下,卵、幼虫和蛹的发育历期均显著短于其他各处理温度的发育历期。该试验结果为了解南亚果实蝇的发育温度极限和进一步开展该害虫的适生性分析提供了基础信息,进而为制定该虫的检疫措施提供依据。 相似文献
5.
南亚果实蝇对六种果实的趋性和产卵选择性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
南亚果实蝇Bactroceratau(Walker)是危害黄瓜、南瓜、冬瓜、丝瓜和苦瓜等果蔬作物的一种重要检疫性害虫。趋性反应和产卵选择性实验结果表明,该虫对不同的果实切片具有不同的趋性和产卵选择性。在黄瓜、南瓜和丝瓜上,成虫的落虫数量分别占落虫总量的23.68%,19.94%和21.18%,产卵量分别占产卵总量的21.57%,18.93%和22.74%,均高于其它3种果实冬瓜、苦瓜和柑橘上落虫数和产卵量。幼虫在黄瓜、南瓜和丝瓜上取食的数量亦较高,分别占幼虫总量的23.33%,31.44%和21.67%;而在柑橘上仅占幼虫总量的2.22%。成虫和幼虫均对受害与未受害果实的趋性和选择性表现出一定的差异,总体上在受害果实上的虫口数量较多,而在未受害果实上的数量较少。因此,在这6种寄主植物中,南亚果实蝇喜好在黄瓜、南瓜和丝瓜以及受害的果实上获得补充营养或产卵。 相似文献
6.
【目的】探究葫芦科和茄科寄主果实对南亚果实蝇生长、发育和繁殖的影响。【方法】构建南亚果实蝇在南瓜、黄瓜、冬瓜和西红柿上的种群生命表,评价南亚果实蝇在4种寄主上的适应性。【结果】南亚果实蝇在南瓜上的成虫前期存活率(87.96 %)和繁殖力(361.26粒·雌-1)均显著高于南亚果实蝇在黄瓜(80.00%和288.34粒·雌-1)、冬瓜(72.03%和84.80粒·单雌-1)和西红柿(69.69%、76.55粒·单雌-1)上的成虫前期存活率和繁殖力。以南瓜为寄主的南亚果实蝇的内禀增长率(0.10)和净增值率(90.63)显著高于以黄瓜(0.08和74.37)、冬瓜(0.07和35.62)和西红柿(0.07和26.03)为寄主的南亚果实蝇内禀增长率和净增值率。【结论】南亚果实蝇在4种寄主上均能完成世代周期,但是南瓜是南亚果实蝇最适宜的寄主。 相似文献
7.
8.
昆虫解毒酶是一类异质酶系, 对分解大量的内源或外源有毒物质、维持正常生理代谢起着重要作用。本文采用生物化学的方法测定了5种寄主果实对南亚果实蝇Bactrocera tau Walker 3个虫态体内总蛋白含量和5种解毒酶的活力。双因子方差分析显示, 南亚果实蝇种群取食黄瓜Cucumis sativus L.、南瓜Cucurbita moschala L.、丝瓜Luffa cylindrical L.、冬瓜Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Coqn.和苦瓜Momordica charantia L.后, 体内蛋白含量和解毒酶活性均存在显著差异。以丝瓜为食料时, 南亚果实蝇体内蛋白含量较高; 而以黄瓜和冬瓜为食料时蛋白含量则相对较低。在以上5种寄主果实间, 南亚果实蝇的羧酸酯酶(CarE)活性在黄瓜和南瓜上较高, 细胞色素P450 O-脱甲基和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性在苦瓜上较高, 酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)活性却分别在黄瓜和南瓜上较低。在幼虫、蛹和成虫3个虫态间, 解毒酶活性亦存在显著差异, 成虫具有较高的CarE活性;幼虫具有较高的细胞色素P450 O-脱甲基, GST和ALP活性,但具有较低的ACP活性;除ACP外,蛹期解毒酶活性均较低。据以上结果可以推测,南亚果实蝇解毒酶活力受寄主果实种类以及该种群本身发育阶段的影响。 相似文献
9.
南亚果实蝇Zeugodacus tau(Walker)是一种世界性的重要检疫害虫,严重危害多种水果和瓜菜。为明确寄主植物对南亚果实蝇耐寒性的影响,本文利用过冷却点仪,对取食苦瓜Momordica charantia L.、黄瓜Cucumis sativus L.、丝瓜Luffa aegyptiaca Miller和杧果Mangifera indica L.的南亚果实蝇5个发育阶段的过冷却点和体液冰点进行了测定。结果显示:每一组寄主植物上的5个发育阶段中,南亚果实蝇5日龄蛹的过冷却点和体液冰点均为最低,显著低于1日龄蛹、幼虫和成虫;不同寄主南亚果实蝇同一发育阶段的过冷却点和体液冰点存在显著差异,均值分别为-23.97~-8.06℃和-14.02~-0.59℃,其中取食苦瓜的南亚果实蝇5日龄蛹过冷却点和体液冰点最低,均值分别为-23.97℃和-14.02℃,但与黄瓜无显著差异;4种寄主中老熟幼虫、1日龄蛹、1日龄雌成虫和5日龄雌成虫过冷却点均为取食黄瓜最低;杧果种群1日龄雌成虫过冷却点最高,均值为-7.47℃,苦瓜种群老熟幼虫体液冰点最高,均值为-0.59℃。本研究有助于了解寄主对南亚果实... 相似文献
10.
11.
Abstract The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), has been the subject of worldwide quarantine and management efforts due to its widespread agricultural impact and potential for rapid range expansion. From its presumed native distribution in India, this species has spread throughout the hot‐humid regions of the world. We provide information that reveals population structure, invasion history and population connectivity from 23 locations covering nine countries based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Forty‐two polymorphic sites were described among 38 haplotypes. The most common haplotype, H1, was observed in 73% of the samples distributed among all populations. Highest genetic diversity was seen within populations, and no isolation‐by‐distance was detected. The western regions (Nepal, Bangladesh, Thailand, Burma and China‐west) showed higher haplotype diversity than eastern regions (China‐east). China‐Yunnan showed highest levels of genetic diversity in China. Haplotype diversity decreased with longitude from west to east. Together, these analyses suggest that B. cucurbitae has expanded from west to east within a limited geographic scale and recently invaded China through Yunnan Province. 相似文献
12.
Tau factor, one of the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), is shown here to bind to spectrin. Evidence for an interaction between these two proteins is provided by spectrin affinity chromatography of brain MAPs, gel overlay of electrophoresed MAPs with 125I-labelled spectrin, incorporation of tau factor in human erythrocyte ghosts, and demonstration that tau inhibits the F-actin cross-linking activity of tetrameric spectrin.The wide distribution of both tau and spectrin-like proteins in eukaryotic cells in in favor of the possible biological significance of this interaction. The results suggest that tau could be one of the proteins involved in the concerted regulation of microtubule and actin networks in the membrane vicinity. 相似文献
13.
HAN Jun ZHANG Jin YAO Hailan WANG Xiaofan LI Feng CHEN Lan GAO Chen GAO Jianmei NIE Kai ZHOU Wei DONG Xiaoping 《中国科学C辑(英文版)》2006,49(5)
Microtubule-associated protein tau is considered to play roles in many neurodegenerative diseases including some transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. To address the possible molecular linkage of prion protein (PrP) and tau, a GST-fusion segment of human tau covering the three-repeat region and various PrP segments was used in the tests of GST pull-down and immunoprecipitation. We found tau protein interacted with various style prion proteins such as native prion protein (PrPC) or protease-resistant isoform (prpSc). Co-localization signals of tau and PrP were found in the CHO cell tranfected with both PrP and tau gene. The domain of interaction with tau was located at N-terminal of PrP (residues 23 to 91). The evidence of molecular interactions between PrP and tau protein highlights a potential role of tau in the biological function of PrP and the pathogenesis of TSEs. 相似文献
14.
Jun Han Jin Zhang Hailan Yao Xiaofan Wang Feng Li Lan Chen Chen Gao Jianmei Gao Kai Nie Wei Zhou Xiaoping Dong 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2006,49(5):473-479
Microtubule-associated protein tau is considered to play roles in many neurodegenera-tive diseases including some transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.To address the possible molecular linkage of prion protein(PrP) and tau,a GST-fusion segment of human tau covering the three-repeat region and various PrP segments was used in the tests of GST pull-down and immuno-precipitation.We found tau protein interacted with various style prion proteins such as native prion protein(PrPC) or protease-resistant isoform(PrPSc) .Co-localization signals of tau and PrP were found in the CHO cell tranfected with both PrP and tau gene.The domain of interaction with tau was located at N-terminal of PrP(residues 23 to 91) .The evidence of molecular interactions between PrP and tau protein highlights a potential role of tau in the biological function of PrP and the pathogenesis of TSEs. 相似文献
15.
对重庆市26个南亚果实蝇Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)tau(Walker)种群线粒体16S rRNA基因进行测序,获得长约350bp片段的序列。对获得的序列分析表明,A,T,C,G平均含量分别为35·0%,41·3%,7·2%,16·5%,其中保守位点数342个,变异位点数5个,简约信息位点2个,自裔位点2个,所有碱基转换总数为136,替换总数为50。利用MEGA2·1软件重建系统发生树,发现其中21个南亚果实蝇种群未出现分化,另外有5个南亚果实蝇种群出现了分化,但遗传分化程度小。 相似文献
16.
Hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau in mice expressing normal human tau isoforms 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Andorfer C Kress Y Espinoza M de Silva R Tucker KL Barde YA Duff K Davies P 《Journal of neurochemistry》2003,86(3):582-590
Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of insoluble aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein tau. In Alzheimer's disease the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles occurs in the absence of tau mutations. Here we present mice that develop pathology from non-mutant human tau, in the absence of other exogenous factors, including beta-amyloid. The pathology in these mice is Alzheimer-like, with hyperphosphorylated tau accumulating as aggregated paired helical filaments. This pathologic tau accumulates in the cell bodies and dendrites of neurons in a spatiotemporally relevant distribution. 相似文献
17.
Gustavo A. Farías Clarisa Vial Ricardo B. Maccioni 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1992,112(1):81-88
The microtubule-associated protein Tau, a major component of brain microtubules, shares common repeated C-terminal sequences with the high molecular-weight protein MAP-2. It has been shown that tau peptides V187-G204 and V218-G235 representing two main repeats, induced brain tubulin assembly in a concentration-dependent fashion. The specific roles of these repeats in the interaction of tau with microtubules, and its antigenic nature were investigated using synthetic tau peptides and site-directed monoclonal antibodies. Tau peptides appeared to compete with MAP-2 incorporation into assembled microtubules. The interactions of the tau fragments with -tubulin peptides bearing the tau binding domain on tubulin were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy. The specificity of the binding was further demonstrated by the reactivity of tau and the tau peptides with a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody produced after immunization with the -11(422–434) tubulin peptide, as assessed by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Western blots confirmed the interaction of tau with the monoclonal antibody. In addition, immunoassays revealed a competition between the MAP-reacting monoclonal antibody and the tubulin peptide -11(422–434) for their interaction with the tau molecule. 相似文献
18.
Yang Yu Xiaoqin Run† Zhihou Liang† Yi Li‡ Fei Liu Ying Liu Khalid Iqbal Inge Grundke-Iqbal Cheng-Xin Gong 《Journal of neurochemistry》2009,108(6):1480-1494
Tau is a neuronal microtubule-associated protein. Its hyperphosphorylation plays a critical role in Alzheimer disease (AD). Expression and phosphorylation of tau are regulated developmentally, but its dynamic regulation and the responsible kinases or phosphatases remain elusive. Here, we studied the developmental regulation of tau in rats during development from embryonic day 15 through the age of 24 months. We found that tau expression increased sharply during the embryonic stage and then became relatively stable, whereas tau phosphorylation was much higher in developing brain than in mature brain. However, the extent of tau phosphorylation at seven of the 14 sites studied was much less in developing brain than in AD brain. Tau phosphorylation during development matched the period of active neurite outgrowth in general. Tau phosphorylation at various sites had different topographic distributions. Several tau kinases appeared to regulate tau phosphorylation collectively at overlapping sites, and the decrease of overall tau phosphorylation in adult brain might be due to the higher levels of tau phosphatases in mature brain. These studies provide new insight into the developmental regulation of site-specific tau phosphorylation and identify the likely sites required for the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau in AD. 相似文献
19.
Microtubule associated protein tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated in Alzheimer disease (AD) brain. To investigate the role of protein kinases involved in this lesion, metabolically active slices made from brains of adult rats were treated with or without various specific kinase activators in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid. The basal kinase activities of protein kinase-A (PKA), CaM Kinase II and GSK-3 were stimulated more than two-fold by isoproterenol, bradykinin and wortmannin, respectively. We found that cdk5 activity was co-stimulated with PKA by isoproterenol. Sequential activation of PKA (+cdk5), CaM Kinase II and GSK-3 produced hyperphosphorylation of tau at Ser-198/Ser-199/Ser-202, Ser-214, Thr-231/Ser-235, Ser-262, Ser-396/Ser-404 and Ser-422 sites. Like AD P-tau, the P-tau from brain slices bound to normal tau and its binding to tubulin was inhibited. These studies suggest that PKA, cdk5, CaM Kinase II and GSK-3 are involved in the regulation of phosphorylation of tau and that AD-type phosphorylation of tau is probably a product of the synergistic action of two or more of these kinases. 相似文献