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1.
K. Sjövall 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1967,10(4):336-340
Summary A tetrazolium technique is presented that permits the study of ATP: Creatine phosphotransferase, or creatine kinase, in fixed skeletal muscle tissue sections, within the limits imposed by the properties of the chosen ditetrazole, nitro blue tatrazolium. There is a variation in creatine kinase activity between the muscle fibres. Those with high creatine kinase activity also have high succinate dehydrogenase activity.List of Abbreviations ADP
Adenosine-5-diphosphate
- ATP
adenosine-5-triphosphate
- CK
creatine kinase
- G-6-P
glucose-6-phosphate
- G-6-P-DH
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HK
hexokinase
- NADP
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NBT
nitro blue tetrazolium
- PMS
phenazine methosulphate
- SDH
succinate dehydrogenase 相似文献
2.
Summary The characteristic localization of the silver-negative A2 cells in the central part of the pancreatic islets in the horse offers a good opportunity to study the ultrastructure and histochemistry of this type of islet cell. Electron microscopical analyses revealed that the A2 cells contained dense spherical granules varying considerably in size. Light and dark A2 cells were identified. The presence of numerous secretory granules of very low density was the most conspicous feature of the B cells. These cells also showed considerable differences in density. A second type of peripheral islet cell was characterized by a very high content of mitochondria and ribosomes. These small islet cells contained tiny granules and are probably identical with the A1 cells.Negative reactions for alkaline and acid phosphatases were obtained throughout the islet tissue, while a strong glucose-6-phosphatase activity was displayed by the peripheral cells. The diphosphopyridine and triphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase activities were high in the peripheral cells, considerably weaker reactions being noted in the A2 cells. On the whole there was a low succinic dehydrogenase activity in the islet tissue with a somewhat weaker enzyme staining in the A2 than in the peripheral cells. The reactions for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase were also less pronounced in the A2 cells than in the intensely reacting peripheral cells.The following abbreviations are used DPN
Diphosphopyridine nucleotide
- DPND
Diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase
- DPNH
Diphosphopyridine nucleotide, reduced form
- G-6-PD
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- LD
Lactic dehydrogenase
- MTT
3,5-diphenyl-2-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-tetrazolium bromide
- Nitro-BT
2,2-di-p-nitrophenyl-5,5-diphenyl-3,3-(3,3-dimethoxy-4,4-biphenylene)-ditetrazolium chloride
- SD
Succinic dehydrogenase
- TPN
Triphosphopyridine nucleotide
- TPND
Triphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase
- TPNH
Triphosphopyridine nucleotide, reduced form
Supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council and the research grant A-5759 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, United States Public Health Service. 相似文献
3.
D. R. Joanisse K. B. Storey 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1994,164(3):247-255
The activity of some enzymes of intermediary metabolism, including enzymes of glycolysis, the hexose monophosphate shunt, and polyol cryoprotectant synthesis, were measured in freeze-tolerant Eurosta solidaginis larvae over a winter season and upon entry into pupation. Flexible metabolic rearrangement was observed concurrently with acclimatization and development. Profiles of enzyme activities related to the metabolism of the cryoprotectant glycerol indicated that fall biosynthesis may occur from two possible pathways: 1. glyceraldehyde-phosphate glyceraldehyde glycerol, using glyceraldehyde phosphatase and NADPH-linked polyol dehydrogenase, or 2. dihydroxyacetonephosphate glycerol-3-phosphate glycerol, using glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphatase. Clearance of glycerol in the spring appeared to occur by a novel route through the action of polyol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde kinase. Profiles of enzyme activities associated with sorbitol metabolism suggested that this polyol cryoprotectant was synthesized from glucose-6-phosphate through the action of glucose-6-phosphatase and NADPH-linked polyol dehydrogenase. Removal of sorbitol in the spring appeared to occur through the action of sorbitol dehydrogenase and hexokinase. Glycogen phosphorylase activation ensured the required flow of carbon into the synthesis of both glycerol and sorbitol. Little change was seen in the activity of glycolytic or hexose monophosphate shunt enzymes over the winter. Increased activity of the -glycerophosphate shuttle in the spring, indicated by greatly increased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, may be key to removal and oxidation of reducing equivalents generated from polyol cryoprotectan catabolism.Abbreviations 6PGDH
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- DHAP
dihydroxy acetone phosphate
- F6P
fructose-6-phosphate
- F6Pase
fructose-6-phospha-tase
- FBPase
fructose-bisphosphatase
- G3P
glycerol-3-phosphate
- G3Pase
glycerol-3-phosphate phophatase
- G3PDH
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- G6P
glucose-6-phosphate
- G6Pase
glucose-6-phosphatase
- G6PDH
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GAK
glyceraldehyde kinase
- GAP
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
- GAPase
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase
- GAPDH
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GDH
glycerol dehydrogenase
- GPase
glycogen phosphorylase
- HMS
hexose monophosphate shunt
- LDH
lactate dehydrogenase
- NADP-IDH
NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
- PDHald
polyol dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde activity
- PDHgluc
polyol dehydrogenase, glucose activity
- PFK
phosphofructokinase
- PGI
phosphoglucoisomerase
- PGK
phosphoglycerate kinase
- PGM
phosphoglucomutase
- PK
pyruvate kinase
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride
- SoDH
sorbitol dehydrogenase
-
V
max
maximal enzyme activity
- ww
wet weight 相似文献
4.
During growth on glycerol two marine Desulfovibrio strains that can grow on an unusually broad range of substrates contained high activities of glycerol kinase, NAD(P)-independent glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the other enzymes necessary for the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to pyruvate. Glycerol dehydrogenase and a specific dihydroxyacetone kinase were absent. During growth on dihydroxyacetone, glycerol kinase is involved in the initial conversion of this compound to dihydroxyacetone phosphate which is then further metabolized. Some kinetic properties of the partially purified glycerol kinase were determined. The role of NAD as electron carrier in the energy metabolism during growth of these strains on glycerol and dihydroxyacetone is discussed.Glycerol also supported growth of three out of four classical Desulfovibrio strains tested. D. vulgaris strain Hildenborough grew slowly on glycerol and contained glycerol kinase, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and enzymes for the dissimilation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate. In D. gigas which did not grow on glycerol the enzymes glycerol kinase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase were absent in lactate-grown cells.Abbreviations DHA
dihydroxyacetone
- DHAP
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
- G3P
glycerol 3-phosphate
- GAP
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
- 3-PGA
3-phosphoglycerate
- 2-PGA
2-phosphoglycerate
- 2,3-DPGA
2,3-diphosphoglycerate
- PEP
phosphoenolpyruvate
- DH
dehydrogenase
- GK
glycerol kinase
- DHAK
dihydroxyacetone kinase
- TIM
triosephosphate isomerase
- PGK
3-phosphoglycerate kinase
- PK
pyruvate kinase
- LDH
lactate dehydrogenase
- DTT
dithiotreitol
- HEPES
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethane sulfonic acid
- PIPES
piperazine-1,1-bis(2-ethane sulfonic acid)
- BV2+/BV+
oxidized/reduced benzylviologen
- PMS
phenazine methosulfate
- DCPIP
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
- MTT
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,4-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 相似文献
5.
Biosynthetic studies with cell-free extracts from Aloe arborescens Mill. demonstrate the transfer of the glucose moiety from UDP-glucose to aloe emodin anthrone, forming the C-glycosidic linkage in the anthracene derivative aloin. The pH-dependence and the specificity of UDP-glucose and aloe emodin anthrone for the biosynthesis of the C-glycosidic bond in aloin are shown.Abbreviations ADP-Glc
adenosine-5-diphosphate glucose
- AEA
aloe emodin anthrone (1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-9(10 H)-anthracenone)
- CoASAc
acetyl coenzyme A
- GDP-Glc
guanosine-5-diphosphate glucose
- Glc
glucose
- Glc-1-P
glucose-1-phosphate
- HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
- TLC
thin layer chromatography
- UDP-Gal
uridine-5-diphosphate galactose
- UDP-Glc
uridine-5-diphosphate glucose 相似文献
6.
Cultures of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii can be synchronized by light/dark cycling not only under photoautotrophic but also under mixotrophic growth conditions. We observed that cultures synchronized in the presence of acetate continue to divide synchronously for one cell-cycle period when transferred to heterotrophic growth conditions. This finding enabled us to investigate the differential effects of light on cell growth and cell division. When cells were exposed to continuous light at the beginning of the growth period they entered the division phase earlier than dark-grown cells as a consequence of an increased growth rate. Illumination at the end of the growth period, however, caused a considerable delay in cell division and an extended growth period. The light-induced delay in cell division was also observed in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), an inhibitor of photosystem II. This finding demonstrates that cell division is directly influenced by a light/dard-responsive cell-cycle switch rather than by light/dark-dependent changes in energy metabolism. The importance of this light/dark control to the regulation of the Chlamydomonas cell cycle was investigated in comparison with other control mechanisms (size control, time control). We found that the light/dard-responsive cell-cycle switch regulates the transition from G1-to S-phase. This control mechanism is effective in cells which have attained the commitment to at least one round of DNA replication and division but have not attained the maximal cell mass which initiates cell division in the light.Abbreviations dCTP
deoxycytidine 5-triphosphate
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea 相似文献
7.
Chi-Yu Lee James H. Yuan David Mouer James M. Kramer 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1979,24(2):67-73
Summary Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from testes and kidneys of the inbred strain of mice (DBA/2J) by a simple two-step affinity column procedure. This involved the sequential application of 8-(6-aminohexyl)-amino-AMP-and -2, 5-ADP-Sepharose columns and biospecific elution with NADP+ in both steps. The molecular and biochemical properties of the purified enzyme were studied in detail. These include the molecular weight determination, amino acid composition, steady-state kinetics, inactivation by high temperature, urea and iodoacetate, and immunology. The purified enzyme from mouse kidneys or testes was shown to be a tetramer with a molecular weight of 220,000. The enzyme is highly specific for glucose-6-phosphate, exhibits almost no activity with NAD+ as a coenzyme and is little inhibited by AMP or ATP. Michaelis constants for glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+ were determined to be 50 m and 10 m respectively. NADPH is a competitive inhibitor of NADP+ and has a Ki of 18 µm. Rabbit antisera against glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were raised. The antisera also cross-react with the same enzyme from human and guinea pig. 相似文献
8.
Summary The increasing concern and the efforts in determining neurological effects in offsprings resulting from maternal exposure to xenobiotics are faced with several difficulties in monitoring damage to the central nervous system. In this paper, the efficiency of several enzyme histochemical reactions for analysing the forebrain and the trigeminal ganglia of rat foetuses are reported. Brains of 20-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat foetuses were frozen and analysed for 18 enzymes that had previously been used to monitor initial injury caused by toxic compounds in liver and other organs. Eight enzymes appeared suitable as histochemical markers for the functional integrity of different areas in brain and ganglia of rats exposed to xenobiotics. They were lactate, malate, glycerophosphate (NAD-linked), succinate, aldehyde and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenases, -glycerophosphate-menadione oxidoreductase and cytochromec oxidase. The activities of the enzymes were determined by microphotometry and the arrangement of absorbances of the enzyme final reaction products into appropriate analytical tables is proposed as an efficient procedure for data analysis.Abbreviations AcChE
acetylcholinesterase
- AldDH
aldehyde dehydrogenase
- ALKPase
alkaline phosphatase
- 5AMPase
adenosine monophosphatase
- ATPase
Mg2+ dependent adenosine triphosphatase
- CytOx
cytochromec oxidase
- GAPDH
glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
- GIDH
glutamate dehydrogenase
- GLPDH
glycerophosphate: NAD oxidoreductase
- CPODH
glycerophosphate:menadione oxidoreductase
- G6Pase
glucose-6-phosphatase
- G6PDH
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IDH
lactate dehydrogenase
- MaDH
malate dehydrogenase
- MAO
monoamine oxidase
- NADPH, DH, NADPH
tetrazolium oxidoreductase
- SuDH
succinate dehydrogenase
- 6PGDH
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 相似文献
9.
Purified ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) was strongly and equally inhibited either by ADP or GDP and to a lesser extent by IDP. AMP or ATP exerted little effect on activity. Inhibition by the nucleotide diphosphates was competitive with respect to RuBP and non-competitive with respect to CO2 and Mg2+, respectively. Treatment of the enzyme with urea or guanidine-HCl resulted in rapid loss of activity that was not restored by dialysis even in the presence of Mg2+ and cysteine. Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis of 8.0 M urea treated enzyme revealed the presence of a fast-moving (small) sub-unit with molecular weight 14150 and a slower moving (large) sub-unit with molecular weight 68000. Examination of native enzyme by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis gave sub-units of 13700 and 55500 respectively. The amino acid content standardized to phenylalanine was essentially similar to that from other sources. Arrhenius plots showed a break at 29°C with an E
a of 12.34 kcal per mole for the steeper part of the curve and a H of 11.43 kcal per mole while for the less steep region, the E
a was 1.04 kcal per mole and the H 1.92 kcal per mole.Abbreviations ADP
adenosine-5-diphosphate
- AMP
adenosine-5-monophosphate
- ATP
adenosine-5-triphosphate
- CDP
cytidine-5-diphosphate
- CMP
cytidine-5-monophosphate
- CTP
cytidine-5-triphosphate
- FDP
fructose-1,6-diphosphate
- F6P
fructose-6-phosphate
- GDP
guanosine-5-diphosphate
- GMP
guanosine-5-monophosphate
- G6P
glucose-6-phosphate
- GTP
guanosine-5-triphosphate
- IDP
inosine-5-diphosphate
- IMP
inosine-5-monophosphate
- PEP
phosphoenolpyruvate
- 6PG
6-phosphogluconate
- R1P
ribose-1-phosphate
- R5P
ribose-5-phosphate
- RuBP
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TDP
thymidine-5-diphosphate
- TMP
thymidine-5-monophosphate
- TTP
thymidine-5-triphosphate
- UDP
uridine-5-diphosphate
- UMP
uridine-5-monophosphate
- UTP
uridine-5-triphosphate 相似文献
10.
Michael Strohdeicher Burkard Neuß Stephanie Bringer-Meyer Hermann Sahm 《Archives of microbiology》1990,154(6):536-543
The interaction of the membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase from the anaerobic but aerotolerant bacterium Zymomonas mobilis with components of the electron transport chain has been studied. Cytoplasmic membranes showed reduction of oxygen to water with the substrates glucose or NADH. The effects of the respiratory chain inhibitors piericidin, capsaicin, rotenone, antimycin, myxothiazol, HQNO, and stigmatellin on the oxygen comsumption rates in the presence of NADH or glucose as substrates indicated that a complete and in the most parts identical respiratory chain is participating in the glucose as well as in the NADH oxidation. Furthermore, the presence of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone 10) in Z. mobilis was demonstrated. Extraction from and reincorporation of the quinone into the membranes revealed that ubiquinone is essential for the respiratory activity with glucose and NADH. In addition, a membrane-associated tetramethyl-p-phenylene-diamine-oxidase activity could be detected in Z. mobilis.Abbreviations ABTS
2,2-Azino-di-[3-ethyl-benzthiazolinesulfonate (6)]
- GDH
glucose dehydrogenase
- HQNO
2-heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline-N-oxide
- PQQ
pyrroloquinoline quinone
- TMPD
N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-p-phenylene-diamine 相似文献
11.
Werner M. Kaiser 《Planta》1979,145(4):377-382
Hydrogen peroxide (6x10-4 M) causes a 90% inhibition of CO2-fixation in isolated intact chloroplasts. The inhibition is reversed by adding catalase (2500 U/ml) or DTT (10 mM). If hydrogen peroxide is added to a suspension of intact chloroplasts in the light, the incorporation of carbon into hexose- and heptulose bisphosphates and into pentose monophosphates is significantly increased, whereas; carbon incorporation into hexose monophosphates and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is decreased. At the same time formation of 6-phosphogluconate is dramatically stimulated, and the level of ATP is increased. All these changes induced by hydrogen peroxide are reversed by addition of catalase or DTT. Additionally, the conversion of [14C]glucose-6-phosphate into different metabolites by lysed chloroplasts in the dark has been studied. In presence of hydrogen peroxide, formation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate is inhibited, whereas formation of other bisphosphates,of triose phosphates, and pentose monophosphates is stimulated. Again, DTT has the opposite effect. The release of 14CO2 from added [14C]glucose-6-phosphate by the soluble fraction of lysed chloroplasts via the reactions of oxidative pentose phosphate cycle is completely inhibited by DTT (0.5 mM) and re-activated by comparable concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. These results indicate that hydrogen peroxide interacts with reduced sulfhydryl groups which are involved in the light activation of enzymes of the Calvin cycle at the site of fructose- and sedoheptulose bisphophatase, of phosphoribulokinase, as well as in light-inactivation of oxidative pentose phosphate cycle at the site of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.Abbreviations ADPG
ADP-glucose
- DHAP
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
- DTT
dithiothreitol
- FBP
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
- HEPES
N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulfonic acid
- HMP
hexose monophosphates (fructose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate)
- 6-PGI
6-phosphogluconate
- PMP
pentose monophosphates (xylulose-5-phosphate, ribose-5-phosphate, ribulose-5-phosphate)
- RuBP
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
- S7P
sedoheptulose-7-phosphate
- SBP
sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate
Dedicated to Prof. Dr. W. Simonis on the occasion of his 70th birthday 相似文献
12.
Roots of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seedlings contained only a very low activity of adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase compared to the cotyledons. Adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity increased about tenfold in cotyledons during greening. Preparation of organelle fractions from spinach leaves by a combination of differential and isopycnic density gradient centrifugation showed that adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase banded with NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a marker enzyme for intact chloroplasts. In the fractions of peroxisomes, mitochondria and broken chloroplasts virtually no adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity was measured. Comparison with the chloroplast enzyme NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase indicates that in spinach, adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase is localized almost exclusively in the chloroplasts.Abbreviations APS
Adenosine 5-phosphosulfate
- APSSTase
Adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase
- BSA
Bovine serum albumin
- BRIJ58
Polyethylene glycolmonostearylether
- DTE
Dithioerythritol
- DTT
Dithiothreitol
- EDTA
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- ME
2-Mercaptoethanol
- NADP-GPD
NADP-linked glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- PAPS
Adenosine 3-phosphate 5-phosphate 5-phosphosulfate
- POPOP
1,4 Di [2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)]-benzene
- PPO
2,5-Diphenyloxazol
The results presented in this paper are taken from the Ph. D. thesis of H.F. 相似文献
13.
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), fusicoccin and weak acids all lower the cytoplasmic pH (pHi) and induce elongation growth of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. Gibberellic acid (GA3) also induces elongation growth and we have used confocal laser scanning microscopy to study the effects of GA3 on pHi employing the pH-indicator dyes, 2,7-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6) carboxyfluorescein and carboxy-semi-naphthorhodafluor-1. We confirm that GA3 induces growth significantly in light-grown but only slightly or not at all in dark-grown coleoptiles. The growth induced by IAA treatment was similar in light- and dark-grown coleoptiles. The pHi decreased by up to 0.6 units during the first 7 min of GA3 or IAA treatment of both light- and dark-grown coleoptiles. Gibberellic acid inhibited IAA-induced growth of dark-grown coleoptiles. Hence, in dark-grown coleoptiles GA3 may activate either directly or indirectly reactions that interfere with the signalling pathway leading to elongation growth. The possible role of pHi in growth is discussed.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- AM
acetoxymethyl ester
- BCECF
2,7-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6) carboxyfluorescein
- [Ca2+]i
cytoplasmic free calcium
- GA(n)
gibberellin A(n)
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- PGR
plant growth regulator
- pHi
cytoplasmic pH
- Pipes
piperazine-N,N-bis[2-ethanesulfonic acid]
- Snarf-1
carboxy-semi-naphthorhodafluor-1
We thank Dr R. King (CSIRO, Canberra) for providing the GA1 and T. Phillips for processing the photographic material. H.R. Irving was supported by an Australian Research Council Research Fellowship and the work was supported by an Australian Research Council grant. 相似文献
14.
The effect of gyrase inhibitors and cyclic AMP on induction and glucose repression of the 6-hydroxy-nicotine oxidases in Arthrobacter oxidans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The induction by d,l-nicotine of the enantiozymes 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase and 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase in Archrobacter oxidans was differently affected by the inhibitors of Escherichia coli gyrase, novobiocin and nalidixic acid. These compounds inhibited 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase induction slightly, but led to an increase in the level of 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase activity. Furthermore, the specific repression by glucose of 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase synthesis was not abolished by the addition of cAMP but by that of novobiocin.Abbreviations 6-HDNO
6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase
- 6-HLNO
6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase
- cAMP
cyclic 3,5-adenosine monophosphate
- Enzymes
Adenylate cyclase
- ATP
pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing) (EC 4.6.1.1)
- cAMP-phosphodiesterase
3:5-cyclic-nucleotide 5-nucleotido-hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.17)
- DNA gyrase
DNA topoisomerase II (EC 5.99)
- DNA polymerase
deoxynucleosidetriphosphate: DNA desoxynucleotidyl-transferase (EC 2.7.7.7)
- 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase
6-hydroxy-L-nicotine: oxygen oxidoreductase (EC 1.5.3.5)
- 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase
6-hydroxy-D-nicotine: oxygen oxidoreductase (EC 1.5.3.6)
- -lactamase
penicillin amido--lactamhydrolase (EC 3.5.2.6)
- nicotine dehydrogenase
nicotine: (acceptor)6-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating) (EC 1.5.99.4) 相似文献
15.
Summary Histochemical data are presented concerning distributions of succinic dehydrogenase (SD), lactic dehydrogenase (LD), diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase (DPND), triphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase (TPND) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in the pancreas from the American variety of obese-hyperglycemic mice (AO-mice) and their lean litter mates (AN-mice).A high LD activity was found in the exocrine parenchyma, while the reaction in the islet tissue and the duct epithelium was only weak. A considerable reaction for DPND was noted throughout the pancreas. SD activity was slightly more pronounced in the acinar tissue and duct epithelium as compared to the islet tissue, where only a moderate activity appeared. Strong reactions for TPND and G-6-PD were found in the islet cells and duct epithelium, while the activity in the exocrine parenchyma was less pronounced. The hyperactive islet B cells in the AO-mice showed no obvious differences in enzyme activity and distribution compared to that of the AN-mice. The enzyme pattern of the A cells could not be clearly distinguished from that in the B cells.The results suggest the existence at least in the B cells of the mice islet tissue of an active hexosemonophosphate shunt. The probable significance of the hexosemonophosphate shunt for insulin synthesis is briefly discussed.The following abbreviations are used DPN
Diphosphopyridine nucleotide
- DPND
Diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase
- DPNH
Diphosphopyridine nucleotide, reduced form
- EM
Embden-Meyerhof
- G-6-PD
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HMP
Hexose monophosphate
- LD
Lactic dehydrogenase
- MTT
3,5-diphenyl-2-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) tetrazolium bromide
- Nitro-BT
2,2-di-p-nitrophenyl-5,5-diphenyl-3,3-(3,3-dimethoxy-4,4-biphenylene)-ditetrazolium chloride
- PVP
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (M. W. 11 000)
- SD
Succinic dehydrogenase
- TPN
Triphosphopyridine nucleotide
- TPND
Triphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase
- TPNH
Triphosphopyridine nucleotide, reduced form 相似文献
16.
The antibiotic tetaine inhibits in Candida albicans the biosynthesis of two important cell wall constituents, chitin and mannoprotein. This effect is a consequence of inactivation of the enzyme glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase. Due to the lack of glucosamine-6-phosphate the effective secretion of mannoprotein enzymes, acid phosphatase and invertase, by Candida albicans spheroplasts is inhibited. In the presence of tetaine, probably a modified mannoprotein, lacking a branched polymannan, is synthesized. The antibiotic action decreases the viability of Candida albicans cells, especially that of mycelial forms of this fungus.Abbreviations GlcNAc
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine
- GlcN-6-P
d-glucosamine-6-phosphate
- ManNAc
N-acetyl-d-mannosamine
- -MM
-methylmannoside
- EGTA
1,2 di/2-aminoethoxy/ethane
- N,N,N,N
tetra-acetic acid 相似文献
17.
The intracellular concentration of cAMP in the green alga Chlorella fusca was in the range of 2 · 10-9 to 10-8 moles/g dry weight and was strongly dependent on the growth conditions. The cAMP level was high with high light intensity, low nitrate or glucose concentration. Intracellular cAMP increased only by factor of 2 when high amounts (up to 10-3 M) of cAMP were added to the medium. Most of the given cAMP was converted to 5-AMP.Addition of cAMP had little effect on the chlorophyll content of the cells, only at 10-6 M some enhancement in photoautotrophic cultures was observed. On the other hand high amounts of cAMP in the medium increased the growth rate. DBcAMP* showed a positive effect on chlorophyll synthesis and growth rate at much lower concentrations compared to cAMP.Stimulation effects of exogenous cAMP on the synthesis of chlorophyll were also observed in mixotrophic cultures with a high glucose/nitrate ratio, conditions where chlorophyll synthesis is repressed. Similar to autotrophic conditions DBcAMP was more effective than cAMP.These data indicate that cAMP may act in a system controlling the chlorophyll content of the cells in response to nutrients or light.Abbreviation DBcAMP*
N6-2-O-dibutyryl-adenosine-35-monophosphate 相似文献
18.
The filamentous cyanophyteNostoc muscorum A grew aseriately in light in a mineral salts (sugar-free) culture medium supplemented with adenosine 3:5-cyclic-monophosphate or N6, O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3:5-cyclic-monophosphate (1 mM). The aseriate morphology thus formed in the light on the 10th day following inoculation was similar to that formed in the dark after 20–30 days growth in cAMP-free medium containing glucose or sucrose. Inoculum previously grown in sucrose- or glucose-containing medium displayed aseriate morphology with lesser proliferation of coccoid cells as compared to inoculum grown in the absence of glucose or sucrose. cGMP, ADP, AMP and inhibitors of phosphodiesterase (theophylline and caffeine) did not have any effect on the persistence of aseriate morphology. However they stimulated cell division at the aseriate stage and delayed the release of hormogonia.Abbreviations cAMP
adenosine 3:5-cyclic-monophosphate
- db cAMP
N6, O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3:5-cyclic-monophosphate
- cGMP
guanosine 3:5-cyclic-monophosphate
- ATP
adenosine 5-triphosphate
- ADP
adenosine5-diphosphate
- AMP
adenosine 5-monophosphate 相似文献
19.
Walter Eschrich 《Planta》1984,161(2):113-119
Mature leaf blades of 48-h predarkened maize plants (Zea mays L. cv. Prior) were excised, and treated apically as the source (light, normal air) and basally as the sink (light or dark, air without CO2). After providing the source portion with 14CO2, the sink portions were harvested after 2, 7 or 14 h by freezing with liquid nitrogen, grinding, and freeze-drying. Extracts, fractionated by ionexchange resins into neutral, basic and acid fractions, were chromatographed on thin cellulose layers, and autoradiographed. Identification of labeled compounds was carried out by co-chromatography with authentic labeled substances. Activities of enzymes pertaining to the metabolism of sucrose were checked. Results show that the source supplies sucrose to the sink, where it is unloaded and metabolized by acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) in both the light and the dark. Starch appearing in the sink only in the light, after 7 h of re-illumination, yields labeled glucose upon hydrolysis. Although sucrose-phosphate synthetase (EC 2.4.1.14) is active in sinks and in isolated vascular-bundle fragments, it remains questionable whether sucrose unloaded from sieve tubes is metabolized by a method other than inversion. Sucrose synthetase (EC 2.4.1.13) was found to be inactive. Obviously, the main metabolite of unloaded sucrose is glucose-6-phosphate, giving access to the glycolytic pathway. The main difference between the sinks in the light and the dark is the lack of labeled glycine and serine in the dark. This indicates that in the light decarboxylation of glycine yields CO2, which is recycled photosynthetically.Abbrevations Glc1P
glucose-1-phosphate
- Glc6P
glucose-6-phosphate
- TLC
thin-layer chromatography
- UDPGlc
uridine 5-diphosphate glucose 相似文献
20.
Andrea E. Lucchini Teresita A. Lisa Carlos E. Domenech 《Archives of microbiology》1990,153(6):596-599
In Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhizobium meliloti several choline derivatives, utilized as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, increase acid phosphatase activity. The enzyme activity of both bacteria could be released into the surrounding medium by EDTA-lysozyme treatment. The R. meliloti acid phosphatase activity of crude periplasmic extracts measured with p-nitrophenylphosphate was not inhibited by the presence of 5 mM choline, betaine, trimethylammonium or phosphorylcholine. The activity could not be detected using phosphorylethanolamine or phosphorylcholine as substrates. Among several phosphoesters tested only pyridoxal-5-phosphate was hydrolyzed at a considerable rate. In 7.5% polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis (non-denaturing conditions) of crude extracts obtained from bacteria grown in the presence of serine, glutamate, aspartate or dimethylglycine a phosphatase activity with identical mobility could be detected when alpha-naphthylphosphate or pyridoxal-5-phosphate were used as substrates. In conclusion, although the coline metabolites are capable of increasing acid phosphatase activities in R. meliloti and in P. aeruginosa, there are two different enzymes involved, apparently in different metabolisms.Abbreviations p-NPP
p-nitrophenyl phosphate
- PLP
pyridoxal-5-phosphate
- PMP
pyridoxamine-5-phosphate
Recipient of a Fellowship from the CONICORMember of the SAPIU-CONICETCareer Member of the CONICET 相似文献