用mtDNA序列探讨羚牛亚种分类(偶蹄目:牛科)

羚牛4个亚种在我国均有分布,且四川亚种和秦岭亚种是我国的特产动物,但对于分布于甘肃南部羚牛种群的亚种归属则有着不同的观点。本文就羚牛3个亚种的分类地位从线粒体DNA细胞色素b和D－Loop序列水平上进行探讨,分析结果基本支持形态学上的亚种划分,但甘肃南部羚牛种群在两个DNA片段上均与羚牛四川亚种存在着一定的差异,而与秦岭亚种则完全一致。结合羚牛地理分布特点,认为将分布于甘肃南部的羚牛种群划分为羚牛秦岭亚种可能更合适。     

噻芬太尼对羚牛的保定研究

羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)属国家第一类保护的珍稀动物。羚牛包括4个亚种,其中四川亚种和秦岭亚种为我国所特有。随着野生动物科研工作的发展。有关羚牛的生态、遗传、血液生化等研究工作正逐步进行,羚牛的疾病诊治、捕捉、搬迁等工作也日益频繁。羚牛性情凶猛,不易保定,人工强行保定极易造成动物和人员的伤亡。因此,如何解决羚牛的化学保定问题,是进一步开展羚牛科研工作的重要条件之一。     

秦岭羚牛( Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi )

羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor),别名扭角羚,是亚洲特有的偶蹄目牛科动物,主要产于我国,是我国国家一级重点保护动物,并在中国濒危动物红皮书中被列入濒危级保护动物.羚牛共有4个亚种,秦岭羚牛(B.t.bedfordi)是其中体型最大的一个亚种.秦岭羚牛只分布于我国秦岭山脉(北纬32～34°,东经106～110°),一般活动在沿秦岭主脊的海1 200～3 500 m之间,但在海拔700 m左右的区域也可能有极少数独牛光顾.目前秦岭羚牛的高密度分布区主要在陕西的太白、佛坪、周至、洋县、宁陕、柞水、镇安等地.与羚牛同域分布的有大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、金丝猴(Pygathrix roxellana)等珍稀濒危动物.     

西藏羚牛调查

西藏东南部是羚牛指名亚种(Budorcas ta-xicolor taxicolor)及不丹亚种(B.t.whitei)的分布区,雅鲁藏布江以南的喜马拉雅山脉是它们的栖息繁衍地。我国近年来开展的珍贵动物调查,对川、甘、陕三省的羚牛状况有了初步了解,但对西藏羚牛还所知甚少。     

秦岭羚牛高度重复序列DNA片段的分子克隆和序列分析

羚牛（Budorcas taxicolor)属偶蹄目（Artiodactyla)、牛科（Bovidae),为我国一类大型珍贵保护动物。我们从其基因组中克隆得到若干约800bp的BamHI高度重复序列并对部分克隆进行了序列测定,发现它们显示了很高的同源性。利用其中一个单元为探针,对限制酶消化后的羚牛基因组DNA作杂交分析,发现其杂交谱带不具有个体及亚种间特异性,说明该重复序列在羚牛基因组中具有保守的分布和排列。在牛科动物中,羚牛BamHI片段与绵羊属和山羊属的相关序列具有高度同源性,而与水牛和家牛序列差异较大。这些结果为羚牛与羊亚科物种亲源关系较近的分类学观点提供了分子生物学证据。有证据表明,这些片段可能代表羚牛染色体着丝点的卫星DNA单体。     

羚牛到底有多少？

羚牛，国家一级保护动物，2006年国家林业局拟拍卖野生动物之一。秦岭羚牛，我国特有的羚牛亚种，仅分布于秦岭山脉的森林之中，在所有类型的羚牛中狩猎价格最高，每只为12000美元。     

太白山自然保护区羚牛分布的初步调查

羚牛（Ｂｕｄｏｒｃａｓｔａｘｉｃｏｌｏｒ）,为国家一级保护野生动物。羚牛秦岭亚种为我国特产亚种,分布于甘肃、陕西两省。在陕西省内分布于秦岭中、西段。羚牛在太白山自然保护区的分布情况,迄今仅见一些零星报道［１,２］。１９９６年６～９月,作者在太白山自然...     

羚牛保护之科学观

<正>羚牛是一种栖息于高山或亚高山地区的大型偶蹄类动物,在我国主要分布在陕西、甘肃、四川、云南和西藏。羚牛有4个亚种,即:秦岭亚种、四川亚种、指名亚种以及不丹亚种,其中前两者为中国所特有。在上世纪60年代我国发布的"关于积极保护和合理利用野生动物资源的指示"中,羚牛被列为国家一级保护野生动物。客观地说,羚牛在野外的数量     

羚牛在中国的地理分布与生态研究现状

羚牛（Budorcas taxicolor）是一种大型草食动物,现存4个亚种。中国是世界上羚牛资源最大的拥有国,羚牛研究工作也主要集中在中国。自1964年开始,中国学者对羚牛生态进行了广泛的研究,并取得了许多成果。本文根据大量的文献,对羚牛的地理分布、栖息地、生境、食性、种群、行为、习性等生态学方面的研究方法、研究状况及研究成果等进行了分析汇总,并对4个亚种的研究状况进行了对比,同时也针对今后羚牛生态学的研究方法、研究方向提出了自己的看法。     

秦岭羚牛高度重复序列DNA片段的分子克隆和序列分析

羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)属偶蹄目(Artiodactyla)、牛科(Bovidae),为我国一类大型珍贵保护动物。我们从其基因组中克隆得到若干约800bp的BamHI高度重复序列并对部分克隆进行了序列测定,发现它们显示了很高的同源性。利用其中一个单元为探针,对限制酶消化后的羚牛基因组DNA作杂交分析,发现其杂交谱带不具有个体及亚种间特异性,说明该重复序列在羚牛基因组中具有保守的分布和排列。在牛科动物中,羚牛BamHI片段与绵羊属和山羊属的相关序列具有高度同源性,而与水牛和家牛序列差异较大。这些结果为羚牛与羊亚科物种亲源关系较近的分类学观点提供了分子生物学证据。有证据表明,这些片段可能代表羚牛染色体着丝点的卫星DNA单体。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.