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1.
Variation in the ability to form ectomycorrhizas in the F1 progeny of an interspecific poplar (Populus spp.) cross 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
D. Tagu Patricia Faivre Rampant Frédéric Lapeyrie Pascale Frey-Klett Patrice Vion Marc Villar 《Mycorrhiza》2001,10(5):237-240
The aim of this study was to determine the existence of a genetic basis for the ability to form ectomycorrhiza on a model
angiosperm tree (Populus, poplar). Parental clones and 18 progeny from a controlled interspecific cross between Populus deltoides and Po- pulus trichocarpa were grown in a glasshouse and inoculated with mycelium of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. Three months after inoculation, the percentage of mycorrhizal root tips was determined for each inoculated plant. The data
indicate variability in the ability to form ectomycorrhizas among the F1 progeny, including individual progeny which are different
to either parent. This suggests a genetic basis for mycorrhiza formation.
Accepted: 6 November 2000 相似文献
2.
Genetic mapping of QTLs affecting tree growth and architecture in Populus: implication for ideotype breeding 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
R. L. Wu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(3-4):447-457
A segregated F2 progeny derived from two highly divergent poplar species, Populus trichocarpa and P. deltoides, was used to evaluate the genetic basis of canopy structure and function in a clonally replicated plantation. The QTLs of
large effect on growth, branch, and leaf traits were identified using the Populus linkage map constructed by 343 molecular markers. Stem height and harvest index appeared to be under the control of few QTLs
with major effects, whereas variation in stem basal area, volume, and dry weight might be due to many more QTLs. Branch and
leaf traits on sylleptics tended to include more QTLs with major effects than those on proleptics. In the environment where
the pedigree was tested, sylleptics were very frequent in the P. trichocarpa parent but rare in the P. deltoides parent. For sylleptic traits for which two or more QTLs were identified, however, increases in the trait values were conditioned
not only by the P. trichocarpa alleles, but also by the P. deltoides alleles. Similar findings were found for traits on proleptics that were differently expressed between the two parents. For
both sylleptic and proleptic branch types, dominance (ranging from partial to over) was observed. The QTLs on specific linkage
groups were found to be responsible for relationships between stem growth and its developmental components. Similar QTL clustering
was also observed for morphological or developmental integration in poplar, i.e., traits with similar developmental origins
are more strongly correlated with one another than traits with different developmental origins. The implications of these
molecular genetic results for ideotype breeding of poplars are discussed.
Received: 15 July 1997/Accepted: 19 August 1997 相似文献
3.
R. Wu H. D. Bradshaw Jr. R. F. Stettler 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(7):1110-1119
Nursery growth and dry weight were analyzed for F2 genotypes derived from Populus trichocarpa×P. deltoides that have been field tested with clonal replicates in three different environments. The correlations between nursery and
plantation performance differed among the environments, with higher values at Boardman and Clatskanie (both planted with rooted
cuttings) than Puyallup (planted with unrooted cuttings). At Puyallup, nursery height was more strongly associated with plantation
growth than were nursery diameter and dry weight. Yet, this finding was not supported by QTL mapping. A single overdominant
QTL on linkage group G affected the stem height of both seedlings and resprouts in the nursery but showed nonsignificant LOD
scores for plantation height from ages 1 to 5 at Puyallup. A total of four QTLs were identified for nursery diameter, one
of which on linkage group O also controlled plantation basal area at all ages. Two important nursery QTLs on linkage groups
B and G were used to estimate the relative efficiency of marker-assisted selection for plantation productivity. Despite the
fact that they were not detected in the plantation stage, these two QTLs could significantly increase the proportion of the
phenotypic variance explained by plantation QTLs.
Received: 5 February 1998 / Accepted: 1 April 1998 相似文献
4.
Qualitative resistance to Melampsora larici-populina leaf rust inherited from North American species Populus deltoides did not allow for durable control of this pathogen in interspecific hybrid cultivars. Despite significant levels of strain-specificity,
quantitative resistance would exert lower selection pressures on the pathogen populations, and hence could be more durable.
Previous studies restricted to a large P. × interamericana (i.e., P. deltoides × Populus trichocarpa) F1 family revealed that the presence of R1, a segregating defeated qualitative resistance gene inherited from P. deltoides, had major beneficial effects on quantitative resistance. The present study was based on 14 F1 families from a 4 × 5 P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa factorial mating design where at least four defeated qualitative resistances segregate 1:1. Even though quantitative resistance
assessments were conducted in the laboratory with a M. larici-populina strain able to overcome these qualitative resistances, their presence had a significant effect on the mean level and on the
genetic variability for quantitative resistance. One unprecedented result is the identification of a defeated qualitative
resistance which presence is associated with lower levels of quantitative resistance. Possible inferences on the nature of
the genetic relationship between both resistance types are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Relationship between genotype and soil environment during colonization of poplar roots by mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leszek Karliński Maria Rudawska Barbara Kieliszewska-Rokicka Tomasz Leski 《Mycorrhiza》2010,20(5):315-324
Poplars are among the few tree genera that can develop both ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular (AM) associations; however,
variable ratios of ECM/AM in dual mycorrhizal colonizations were observed in the roots of a variety of poplar species and
hybrids. The objective of our study was to analyze the effect of internal and external factors on growth and dual AM and ECM
colonization of poplar roots in three 12–15-year-old common gardens in Poland. We also analyzed the abundance of nonmycorrhizal
fungal endophytes in the poplar roots. The Populus clones comprised black poplars (Populus deltoides and P. deltoides × Populus nigra), balsam poplars (Populus maximowiczii × Populus trichocarpa), and a hybrid of black and balsam poplars (P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa). Of the three sites that we studied, one was located in the vicinity of a copper smelter, where soil was contaminated with
copper and lead. Poplar root tip abundance, mycorrhizal colonization, and soil fungi biomass were lower at this heavily polluted
site. The total mycorrhizal colonization and the ratio of ECM and AM colonization differed among the study sites and according
to soil depth. The influence of Populus genotype was significantly pronounced only within the individual study sites. The contribution of nonmycorrhizal fungal endophytes
differed among the poplar clones and was higher at the polluted site than at the sites free of pollution. Our results indicate
that poplar fine root abundance and AM and ECM symbiosis are influenced by environmental conditions. Further studies of different
site conditions are required to characterize the utility of poplars for purposes such as the phytoremediation of polluted
sites. 相似文献
6.
The relationship between guard cell water potential and the aperture of stomata in Populus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract Previous work with clones of Populus trichocarpa demonstrated that the water vapour conductance of leaves from well-watered cuttings of this species does not decline with loss of turgor from the bulk leaf. In the present study, stomatal responses to water potential in Populus were examined with detached epidermal strips. Stomata in epidermal strips from well-watered plants of P. trichocarpa did not close at low water potentials which led to plasmolysis of the guard cells. In contrast, stomata of P. deltoides and a P. trichocarpa×deltoides hybrid closed when the guard cells lost turgor. A period of water stress preconditioning resulted in modified stomatal responses in P. trichocarpa such that stomata of stressed and re-watered plants nearly closed when guard cell turgor was lost. 相似文献
7.
Sophie Y. Dillen Véronique Storme Nicolas Marron Catherine Bastien Sabrina Neyrinck Marijke Steenackers Reinhart Ceulemans Wout Boerjan 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(1):147-164
Interspecific hybrids of Populus species are known for their superior growth. In this study, we examined the effect of the genetic background and contrasting
environmental conditions on growth and searched for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting growth traits. To this end, two
hybrid poplar families resulting from controlled crosses, Populus deltoides ‘S9-2’ × P. nigra ‘Ghoy’ (D × N, 180 F1) and P. deltoides ‘S9-2’ × P. trichocarpa ‘V24’ (D × T, 182 F1), were grown at two contrasting sites, Northern Italy and Central France. At the end of the second growing season, tree dimensions
(stem height, circumference, and volume) were assessed. The performances of both families significantly differed within and
between sites. Tree volume was significantly larger at the Italian site as compared to the French site. Genotype by environment
interactions were significant but low for both families and for all growth traits. Tight correlations among the individual
growth traits indicated that there may be a common genetic mechanism with pleiotropic effects on these growth traits. In line
with previous studies, linkage groups I, VII, IX, X, XVI, XVII, and XIX appeared to have genomic regions with the largest
effects on growth traits. This study revealed that (1) both families have high potential for selection of superior poplar
hybrids due to the pronounced heterosis (hybrid vigor) and the large genetic variability in terms of growth and (2) the choice
of site is crucial for poplar cultivation.
Dillen and Storme contributed equally to the work.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
8.
Renato D'Ovidio Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza Oronzo A. Tanzarella 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1990,173(3-4):187-196
The tandemly repeated multigene families encoding 18S and 25S rRNAs were studied at the restriction enzyme level inPopulus alba L.,Populus deltoides
Bartr. exMarsh.,Populus trichocarpa
Torr. & Gray and in the hybrids between the last two mentioned species. The analysis of single and double digestion with EcoRI, BamHI, XbaI, and SstI endonucleases showed the presence of single repetitive unit types of 12.25 and 11.75kb inP. alba andP. trichocarpa, respectively.P. deltoides showed two rDNA gene types having the same length (12.25Kb) but different nucleotide sequence in the IGS. The rDNAs genes ofP. deltoides andP. triochocarpa are inherited codominantly in their hybrids. 相似文献
9.
We describe a protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of hybrid cottonwoods (Populus sections Tacamahaca Spach. and Aigeiros Duby). The protocol has allowed routine transformation of several economically important
cottonwood hybrids (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray×P. deltoides Bartr. ex. Marsh. and P. deltoides×P. nigra L.) that were previously difficult to transform. The procedure was applied to 11 different hybrid cottonwood genotypes and
one P. deltoides genotype using kanamycin as the selection agent. Additional experiments showed a very strong interaction between auxin preculture
and the effectiveness of various cytokinins for induction of shoot organogenesis. The data also demonstrated the superiority
of Agrobacterium strain EHA105 over C58 and LBA4404 for T-DNA transfer based on transient assays with a reporter gene.
Received: 16 June 1998 / Revision received: 5 February 1999 / Accepted: 14 April 1999 相似文献
10.
DAMASE KHASA PATRICK POLLEFEYS AURA NAVARRO‐QUEZADA PIERRE PERINET JEAN BOUSQUET 《Molecular ecology resources》2005,5(4):920-923
Species‐specific microsatellite markers were obtained for the unambiguous recognition of five poplar species of ecological and commercial importance to eastern North America: the native species Populus balsamifera and Populus deltoides, the exotic species Populus maximowiczii, Populus nigra, Populus trichocarpa and their interspecific hybrids. Forty‐four of 71 tested primer pairs amplified simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci for all five taxa. Six of these loci showed non‐overlapping allelic diversity between species, including fixed differences. Together, they were useful to identify unambiguously the five taxa and to validate parental contributions in a group of hybrid progeny. These markers will be invaluable to detect gene flow from plantations of exotic poplar into adjacent stands of native species and between the two potentially hybridizing native species P. balsamifera and P. deltoides. 相似文献
11.
O. P. Rajora B. P. Dancik 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1992,84(3-4):280-285
Summary The inheritance of chloroplast (cp) DNA was examined in F1 hybrid progenies of two Populus deltoides intraspecific controlled crosses and three P. deltoides × P. nigra and two P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii interspecific controlled crosses by restriction fragment analysis. Southern blots of restriction digests of parental and progeny DNAs were hybridized to cloned cpDNA fragments of Petunia hybrida. Sixteen enzymes and five heterologous cpDNA probes were used to screen restriction fragment polymorphisms among the parents. The mode of cpDNA inheritance was demonstrated in progenies of P. deltoides × P. nigra crosses with 26 restriction fragment polymorphisms of cpDNA differentiating P. deltoides from P. nigra, as revealed by 12 enzyme-probe combinations, and in progenies of P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii crosses with 12 restriction fragment polymorphisms separating P. deltoides from P. maximowiczii, as revealed by 7 restriction enzyme-probe combinations. In all cases, F1 offspring of P. deltoides × P. nigra and P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii crosses had cpDNA restriction fragments of only their maternal P. deltoides parent. The results clearly demonstrated uniparental-maternal inheritance of the chloroplast genome in interspecific hybrids of P. deltoides with P. nigra and P. maximowiczii. Intraspecific P. deltoides hybrids also had the same cpDNA restriction fragments as their maternal parent. Maternal inheritance of the chloroplast genome in Populus is in agreement with what has been observed for most other angiosperms. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
Polymix breeding with paternity analysis in Populus: a test for differential reproductive success (DRS) among pollen donors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nicholas Wheeler Peggy Payne Valerie Hipkins Robert Saich Stephen Kenny Gerald Tuskan 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2006,2(1):53-60
Polymix breeding with paternity analysis (PMX/WPA) has been proposed as an alternative to traditional full-sib breeding and
testing schemes. To fully capture the benefits of PMX/WPA, differential reproductive success (DRS) of pollen parents used
in the polymix must be modest. DRS was evaluated in an operational test of PMX/WPA for a hybrid poplar breeding program. A
16-parent pollen polymix (Populus nigra L.) was used to pollinate seven clones of Populus deltoides (Bartr. ex. Marshall) under greenhouse breeding conditions. Progeny were grown out briefly and randomly sampled (357) prior
to out-planting in field trials. Twenty-eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were evaluated and 15 were selected for genetic
characterization in small populations of three Populus spp (P. nigra, P. deltoides, and P. balsamifera spp trichocarpa Torr. & Gray). Seven loci were ultimately selected for paternity analysis of progeny. The average exclusion probability of
the seven loci in P. nigra was 0.604; combined, the theoretical exclusion probability was 0.9999. However, only 95% of sampled progeny were unambiguously
assigned a single paternal parent. Missing data likely accounted for most of the ambiguity. DRS was statistically significant
though not prohibitive for practical utility of PMX/WPA as a breeding system. Of the 112 potential crosses in this study,
92 were represented. Eight of the 16 pollen parents contributed 83% of the progeny. Good pollen vigor, as measured by germination
percent, did not ensure paternal success, but poor vigor was associated with lack of paternal success. PMX/WPA appears to
be logistically and economically attractive for hybrid poplar breeding and testing. 相似文献
15.
Yuanhua Shao Guo Wei Ling Wang Qing Dong Yang Zhao Beijiu Chen Yan Xiang 《植物学报(英文版)》2011,53(9):743-755
16.
J. Baar 《Mycorrhiza》1997,7(2):89-94
The effect on ectomycorrhizal root growth in a nitrogen-enriched planted stand of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on podzolic sandy soil to manipulation of litter and humus layers (removal, doubling and control treatments) was examined,
and compared to ectomycorrhizal root growth in an untreated naturally established Scots pine stand on nutrient-poor non-podzolic
sandy soil. Half a year after manipulation of litter and humus layers in the planted stand, ingrowth-cores to a depth of 60 cm
were installed in both stands. Scots pine roots were sampled four times during two growing seasons. Ectomycorrhizal roots
were found at all sampled soil depths to 60 cm in all plots. Root growth and ectomycorrhizal development were greater in the
naturally established stand than in all plots in the planted stand. Numbers of ectomycorrhizal root tips in the litter and
humus removal plots were generally higher than in the control plots in the planted stand until May 1992. Doubling litter and
humus did not significantly affect root length or the numbers of ectomycorrhizal root tips. The N
dissolved
, NH4
+ and NO3
– concentrations and the organic matter content in the upper 5 cm of the mineral soil in the planted stand on podzolic sandy
soil were generally higher and the pH significantly lower than in the naturally established stand on non-podzolic sandy soil.
Root growth and ectomycorrhizal development in the secondary stand may have been negatively affected by the chemical composition
of the podzolic sandy soil.
Accepted: 19 March 1997 相似文献
17.
Bo Zhang Chunfa Tong Tongming Yin Xinye Zhang Qiang Zhuge Minren Huang Mingxiu Wang Rongling Wu 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(3):539-552
The capacity to root from cuttings is a key factor for the mass deployment of superior genotypes in clonal forestry. We studied
the genetic basis of rooting capacity by mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control growth rate and form of root
traits in a full-sib family of 93 hybrids derived from an interspecific cross between two Populus species, P. deltoides and P. euramericana. The hybrid family was typed for different marker systems (including SSRs, AFLPs, RAPDs, ISSRs, and SNPs), leading to the
construction of two linkage maps based on the female P. deltoides (D map) and male P. euramericana (E map) with a pseudotestcross mapping strategy. The two maps were scanned by functional mapping to detect QTLs that control
early growth trajectories of two rooting traits, maximal single-root length and the total number of roots per cutting, measured
at five time points in water culture. Of the six QTLs detected for these two growth traits, only one is segregating in P. deltoides with poor rooting capacity, while the other five are segregating in P. euramericana showing good rooting capacity. Tests with functional mapping suggest different developmental patterns of the genetic effects
of these root QTLs in time course. Five QTLs were detected to change their effects on root growth trajectories with time,
whereas one detected to affect root growth consistently in time course. Knowledge about the genetic and developmental control
mechanisms of root QTLs will have important implications for the genetic improvement of vegetative propagation traits in Populus. 相似文献
18.
Claire Lurin Lise Jouanin 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》1995,1(4):411-417
A novel method for studying differential expression of multigene family members based on the high sensitivity of RT-PCR completed by restriction site polymorphism of DNA is described. This method allows the identification of specific patterns of expression of fourchalcone synthase genes in a Hunnegem poplar clone (Populus trichocarpa ×Populus deltoides). 相似文献
19.
H. D. Bradshaw Jr. R. F. Stettler 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1993,86(2-3):301-307
Summary While constructing a genetic linkage map of a hybrid poplar genome (Populus trichocarpa x P. deltoides), we identified several restriction fragment length polymorphismus (RFLPs) for which the parental trees are heterozygous. Although 8 of the 11 F1 hybrid offspring inherited, as expected, single RFLP alleles from each parent, 3 F1 trees in the mapping pedigree inherited both maternal alleles along with a single paternal allele at some loci. Aneuploidy or polyploidy in these 3 F1 trees due to partial or complete nondisj unction during female gametogenesis is the simplest explanation for this finding. Of the 3 f1 offspring with supernumerary RFLP alleles 2 have triploid nuclear DNA contents as measured by fluorescence flow cytometry; the 3rd F1 with supernumerary alleles has a sub-triploid nuclear DNA content and is probably aneuploid. Among the tri/aneuploid hybrids, leaf quantitative traits either are skewed toward those values characteristic of the P. trichocarpa female parent (adaxial stomate density, petiole length: blade length ratio; abaxial color) or show transgressive variation (epidermal cell size). Abaxial leaf color was used to screen a large population of P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides hybrids for further evidence of tri/aneuploidy. In each case where a white abaxial leaf surface was observed and the nuclear DNA content measured, the hybrid proved to be tri/aneuploid. All sexually mature female triploids examined were sterile, although the inflorescences completed their development in the absence of embryo formation. The (probably) aneuploid F1 hybrid is a fertile female. Of 15 female P. trichocarpa parents used in crosses to P. deltoides, 10 produced one or more tri/aneuploid hybrid offspring. In an intraspecific cross using a P. trichocarpa female that had produced triploid hybrids with five different P. deltoides males, no tri/aneuploid offpsring were found. 相似文献
20.
吴翔宇;许志茹;曲春浦;李蔚;孙琦;刘关君 《植物研究》2014,34(1):37-43
NLP基因家族是一类特殊的转录因子,豆科植物根瘤的形成依赖于该基因家族的存在,在非豆科植物中具有调节植物硝酸盐吸收以及同化的功能。通过对毛果杨(Populus trichocarpa)基因组的生物信息学分析,共鉴定出14个毛果杨NLP基因家族成员,这些成员具有低亲水性的特点,基因结构保守,都含有RWP-RK以及PB1两个保守结构域。通过细胞定位预测,所有成员都定位在细胞核中。直系同源与旁系同源进化分析显示,NLP基因家族成员在漫长的进化过程中经历了严格的选择。染色体定位分析表明,毛果杨NLP基因家族成员坐落在毛果杨9条染色体之上,成员数量的扩增来自于杨柳科染色体自身的扩增事件。芯片数据分析结果显示,NLP基因家族成员在嫩叶,根和雄花中表达,部分基因在木质部以及种子萌发过程之中表达,但所有成员均不在成熟叶片中表达。 相似文献